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Data transmission uses encapsulation—breaking messages into packets with added controls. Frames include error-checking (FCS). Routers use ARP to map IPs to MACs. TCP connections start with a SYN, followed by SYN/ACK, then ACK for full handshake.

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    Question 1* Correct Which of the following is the process of breaking a message into packets, aciding controls and other information, and then transmitting the message through the transmission medium? Transformation Encapsulation Segmentation Sequencing Explanation Encapsulation is the process of breaking a message into packets, adding controls and other information, and then transmitting the message through the transmission medium. The Transport layer adds sequencing and control information. The Internet layer converts the segments into packets. Data flows down through the layers of the OSI model on the sending system and is transformed at each layer. References 2.3.2 Data Encapsulation Facts q_data_encapsulation_01_np6.question.fex

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    " ■ s Correct Question 2. What is the purpose of a frame check sequence (FCS) footer? Contain logical network addresses Control information Checksum error detection Hold segment data Explanation The Link layer converts packets into frames, adding physical device addressing information and a frame check sequence footer for error detection. It also converts the frames into bits (Os and 1s) for transmission across the transmission media. Control information is added at the Transport layer. The Transport layer breaks the data into pieces called segments. The Internet layer converts the segments into packets, adding logical network and device addresses. References |_=j 2.3.2 Data Encapsulation Facts q_data_encapsuIation_fcs_np6. question.fex Question 3. Correct Which term does the OSI model use that's different from the TCP/IP model in reference to the terms frame, packet, and segment? Presentation

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    Session < 1 HTTP O Protocol data unit ( PDU) Explanation The OSI model uses the term protocol data unit (PDU) instead of the terms frame r packet, and segment. The Presentation and Session layers are Layers 5 and 6 of the OSI model, respectively, and do not correspond to the use of frame, packet, and segment in the TCP/IP model. HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol in the Application layer that supports web requests. References i- 2.3.2 Data Encapsulation Facts q_data_encapsulation_pdu_np6.question.fex Question 4. Match each TCP/IP layers with its function. Correct Breaks the data into pieces. Transport Prepares the data to be sent. Application bOUt:3TCdOC Page 3 o1 12

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    Application Adds physical addresses. Link Adds logical addresses. Internet Keyboard Instructions Explanation The Application layer prepares data to be sent through the network. The Transport layer breaks data into pieces called segments, adding sequencing and control information. The Internet layer converts segments into packets, adding logical network and device addresses. The Link layer converts packets into frames, adding physical device addressing information and a frame check sequence footer for error detection. It also converts the frames into bits (Os and 1s) for transmission across the transmission media. References 2.3.2 Data Encapsulation Facts q_data_encapsulation_tcpip_02_np6.question.fex

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