Principles of Management - The Nature of Management - Quick Guides | Management

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Study GuidePrinciples of Management–The Nature ofManagement1 Functions of ManagersManagers do not work randomly or without direction. Effective managers learn how to performfivebasic functionsthat guide everything they do. These functions areplanning, organizing, staffing,leading, and controlling. Together, they help managers achieve goals in a structured and efficientway.1. PlanningPlanning is the starting point of all management activities. It means decidingwhat needs to be doneand how to do itto reach a goal.For example, if a company wants to increase sales, the manager must first figure out the best way toachieve that goal. This might include increasing advertising, hiring more sales staff, or stocking moreproducts. Once these steps are identified, they areput together into a clear plan. With a plan in place,the manager can follow it to improve company sales.2. OrganizingAfter planning, the next step is organizing. Organizing involvesarranging people, tasks, andresourcesso the plan can be carried out effectively.This includes assigning work to employees and giving them the authority they need to complete theirtasks. Good organization ensures that everyone knows their role and how their work fits into theoverall plan.3. StaffingStaffing focuses on having theright people in the right jobs. After identifying what the team needs,a manager may decide to hire new employees.Staffing includes recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees. In large organizations,managers often work closely with the human resources department to handle these responsibilities.4. LeadingPlanning, organizing, and staffing are not enough on their own. Managers must alsolead theirteams.

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Study GuideLeading involves motivating employees, communicating clearly, guiding their work, and encouragingthem to do their best. Managers act as coaches by helping employees solve problems, offeringsupport, and keeping morale high.5. ControllingControlling is the final function of management, but it is ongoing. Managers regularlycheck progressand resultsto see if goals are being met.If performance is not matching the plan, managers take corrective action to get things back on track.This ensures that plans continue to move in the right direction.All managers—at every level and in every organization—perform these five functions. However, theamount of time spent on each functiondepends on the manager’s level and the type oforganization.1.1Roles Performed by ManagersManagers wear many hats. They are not just supervisors. A manager is also a planner, organizer,coach, motivator, problem solver, and decision maker—all at the same time.Managers also tend to have very busy schedules. Their days are filled with meetings, unexpectedissues, planning sessions, and constant communication, including emails.Management expertHenry Mintzberg, in his bookThe Nature of Managerial Work, identifiedtendifferent rolesthat managers perform. These roles fall into three main categories:

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Study Guide1.2 Skills Needed by ManagersNot everyone can be an effective manager. Managers need specificskills, which are abilities that turnknowledge into action and improve performance. These skills fall into three main categories.1. Technical SkillsTechnical skills involve using specialized knowledge or expertise to perform tasks. Examples includeskills used by accountants, engineers, computer scientists, and market researchers.

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