Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition breaks down difficult textbook problems into simple solutions, making your study time more effective.

James Williams
Contributor
4.8
35
10 months ago
Preview (16 of 1320 Pages)
100%
Log in to unlock

Page 1

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 1 preview image

Loading page ...

SOLUTIONSMANUALBEVERLYFUSFIELDCOLLEGEALGEBRA&TRIGONOMETRYSEVENTHEDITIONandPRECALCULUSSEVENTHEDITIONMargaret L. LialAmerican River CollegeJohn HornsbyUniversity of New OrleansDavid I. SchneiderUniversity of MarylandCallie J. DanielsSt. Charles Community College

Page 2

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 2 preview image

Loading page ...

Page 3

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 3 preview image

Loading page ...

CONTENTSRReview of Basic ConceptsR.1 Fractions, Decimals, and Percents..............................................................................1R.2 Sets and Real Numbers ............................................................................................12R.3 Real Number Operations and Properties..................................................................16R.4 Integer and Rational Exponents ...............................................................................23R.5 Polynomials..............................................................................................................28R.6 Factoring Polynomials..............................................................................................36R.7 Rational Expressions ................................................................................................45R.8 Radical Expressions .................................................................................................54Chapter R Review Exercises...........................................................................................61Chapter R Test ................................................................................................................671Equations and Inequalities1.1 Linear Equations .......................................................................................................691.2 Applications and Modeling with Linear Equations ..................................................731.3 Complex Numbers ....................................................................................................791.4 Quadratic Equations..................................................................................................85Chapter 1 Quiz (Sections 1.11.4)..................................................................................961.5 Applications and Modeling with Quadratic Equations.............................................961.6 Other Types of Equations and Applications ...........................................................106Summary Exercises on Solving Equations ...................................................................1271.7 Inequalities..............................................................................................................1311.8 Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities ............................................................157Chapter 1 Review Exercises .........................................................................................164Chapter 1 Test ...............................................................................................................1822Graphs and Functions2.1 Rectangular Coordinates and Graphs......................................................................1872.2 Circles .....................................................................................................................1962.3 Functions.................................................................................................................2052.4 Linear Functions .....................................................................................................212Chapter 2 Quiz (Sections 2.12.4)................................................................................2212.5 Equations of Lines and Linear Models ...................................................................221Summary Exercises on Graphs, Circles, Functions, and Equations .............................2302.6 Graphs of Basic Functions ......................................................................................2342.7 Graphing Techniques ..............................................................................................241Chapter 2 Quiz (Sections 2.52.7)................................................................................2552.8 Function Operations and Composition ...................................................................257Chapter 2 Review Exercises .........................................................................................267Chapter 2 Test ...............................................................................................................278

Page 4

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 4 preview image

Loading page ...

3Polynomial and Rational Functions3.1 Quadratic Function and Models..............................................................................2833.2 Synthetic Division...................................................................................................3053.3 Zeros of Polynomial Functions...............................................................................3113.4 Polynomial Functions: Graphs, Applications, and Models ....................................333Summary Exercises on Polynomial Functions, Zeros, and Graphs ..............................3533.5 Rational Functions: Graphs, Applications, and Models .........................................367Chapter 3 Quiz (Sections 3.13.5)................................................................................3903.6 Polynomial and Rational Inequalities .....................................................................395Summary Exercises on Solving Equations and Inequalities.........................................4123.7 Variation .................................................................................................................420Chapter 3 Review Exercises .........................................................................................426Chapter 3 Test ...............................................................................................................4474Inverse, Exponential, and Logarithmic Functions4.1 Inverse Functions ....................................................................................................4544.2 Exponential Functions ............................................................................................4704.3 Logarithmic Functions ............................................................................................487Summary Exercises on Inverse, Exponential, and Logarithmic Functions ..................4994.4 Evaluating Logarithms and the Change-of-Base Theorem.....................................502Chapter 4 Quiz (Sections 4.14.4)................................................................................5084.5 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations.................................................................5094.6 Applications and Models of Exponential Growth and Decay ................................523Summary Exercises on Functions: Domains and Defining Equations .........................531Chapter 4 Review Exercises .........................................................................................535Chapter 4 Test ...............................................................................................................5425Trigonometric Functions5.1 Angles .....................................................................................................................5465.2 Trigonometric Functions.........................................................................................5535.3 Trigonometric Function Values and Angle Measures ............................................569Chapter 5 Quiz (Sections 5.1–5.3)................................................................................5845.4 Solutions and Applications of Right Triangles.......................................................585Chapter 5 Review Exercises .........................................................................................603Chapter 5 Test ...............................................................................................................611

Page 5

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 5 preview image

Loading page ...

6The Circular Functions and Their Graphs6.1 Radian Measure ......................................................................................................6166.2 The Unit Circle and Circular Functions..................................................................6266.3 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions ...............................................................6376.4 Translations of the Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions ................................648Chapter 6 Quiz (Sections 6.16.4)................................................................................6626.5 Graphs of the Tangent and Cotangent Functions....................................................6646.6: Graphs of the Secant and Cosecant Functions.......................................................676Summary Exercises on Graphing Circular Functions...................................................6856.7 Harmonic Motion....................................................................................................688Chapter 6 Review Exercises .........................................................................................694Chapter 6 Test ...............................................................................................................7077Trigonometric Identities and Equations7.1 Fundamental Identities............................................................................................7137.2 Verifying Trigonometric Identities .........................................................................7217.3 Sum and Difference Identities ...............................................................................732Chapter 7 Quiz (Sections 7.17.3)................................................................................7467.4 Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities................................................................748Summary Exercises on Verifying Trigonometric Identities .........................................7607.5 Inverse Circular Functions......................................................................................7657.6 Trigonometric Equations ........................................................................................777Chapter 7 Quiz (Sections 7.5–7.6)................................................................................7957.7 Equations Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions ..........................................797Chapter 7 Review Exercises .........................................................................................806Chapter 7 Test ...............................................................................................................8258Applications of Trigonometry8.1 The Law of Sines ....................................................................................................8308.2 The Law of Cosines ................................................................................................843Chapter 8 Quiz (Sections 8.18.2)................................................................................8568.3 Geometrically Defined Vectors and Applications ..................................................8578.4 Algebraically Defined Vectors and the Dot Product ..............................................865Summary Exercises on Applications of Trigonometry and Vectors ............................8718.5 Trigonometric (Polar) Form of Complex Numbers; Products and Quotients.........8738.6 DeMoivre’s Theorem; Powers and Roots of Complex Numbers ...........................883Chapter 8 Quiz (Sections 8.38.6)................................................................................8968.7 Polar Equations and Graphs....................................................................................8978.8 Parametric Equations, Graphs, and Applications ...................................................912Chapter 8 Review Exercises .........................................................................................923Chapter 8 Test ...............................................................................................................936

Page 6

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 6 preview image

Loading page ...

9Systems and Matrices9.1 Systems of Linear Equations ..................................................................................9429.2 Matrix Solution of Linear Systems .........................................................................9709.3 Determinant Solution of Linear Systems................................................................9949.4 Partial Fractions ....................................................................................................1018Chapter 9 Quiz (Sections 9.19.4)..............................................................................10339.5 Nonlinear Systems of Equations...........................................................................1037Summary Exercises on Systems of Equations ............................................................10529.6 Systems of Inequalities and Linear Programming ................................................10619.7 Properties of Matrices ...........................................................................................10799.8 Matrix Inverses .....................................................................................................1092Chapter 9 Review Exercises .......................................................................................1113Chapter 9 Test .............................................................................................................113410Analytic Geometry10.1 Parabolas .............................................................................................................114210.2 Ellipses................................................................................................................1154Chapter 10 Quiz (Sections 10.110.2)........................................................................116710.3 Hyperbolas ..........................................................................................................117010.4 Summary of the Conic Sections..........................................................................1185Chapter 10 Review Exercises .....................................................................................1193Chapter 10 Test ...........................................................................................................120311Further Topics in Algebra11.1 Sequences and Series ..........................................................................................120711.2 Arithmetic Sequences and Series........................................................................122111.3 Geometric Sequences and Series ........................................................................1230Summary Exercises on Sequences and Series ............................................................124211.4 The Binomial Theorem .......................................................................................124411.5 Mathematical Induction .....................................................................................1251Chapter 11 Quiz (Sections 11.111.5)........................................................................126511.6 Basics of Counting Theory .................................................................................126611.7 Basics of Probability ...........................................................................................1274Chapter 11 Review Exercises .....................................................................................1282Chapter 11 Test ...........................................................................................................1294AppendicesAppendix A Polar Form of Conic Sections ................................................................1298Appendix B Rotation of Axes.....................................................................................1301

Page 7

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 7 preview image

Loading page ...

1Chapter RREVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTSSection R.1Fractions, Decimals, andPercents1.True2.True3.False. This is an improper fraction. Its valueis 1.4.False. The reciprocal of62is26or13.5.C6.C7.81 818111162 82822====8.1 414111123 434334====9.153 535551183 63666====10.164 44424415 450545====11.903 303303 11505 30530553====12.100514075 205205 17 207207====13.181 181 18111905 185 1855====14.161 161 16111644 1644416====15.12012 10105114412 1212616.777 1177113212 11121217.17 1275Therefore,1251.77=18.19 1697Therefore, 1671.99=19.612 77725Therefore,7756.1212=20.513 67652Therefore,6725.1313=21.Multiply the denominator of the fraction bythe natural number and then add the numeratorto obtain the numerator of the improperfraction.5 210=and10313+=The denominator of the improper fraction isthe same as the denominator in the mixednumber. Thus,3132.55=22.Multiply the denominator of the fraction bythe natural number and then add the numeratorto obtain the numerator of the improperfraction.7 535=and35641+=The denominator of the improper fraction isthe same as the denominator in the mixednumber. Thus,6415.77=23.Multiply the denominator of the fraction bythe natural number and then add the numeratorto obtain the numerator of the improperfraction.3 1236=and36238+=The denominator of the improper fraction isthe same as the denominator in the mixednumber. Thus,23812.33=

Page 8

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 8 preview image

Loading page ...

2Chapter R Review of Basic Concepts24.Multiply the denominator of the fraction bythe natural number and then add the numeratorto obtain the numerator of the improperfraction.5 1050=and50151+=The denominator of the improper fraction isthe same as the denominator in the mixednumber. Thus,15110.55=25.464 624575 735==26.25 21079 75963==27.36115 8120222 31 615 820 60====28.351512021423 51 1520 212808152====29.1121 121 2 6610510 52 5 525===30.1 101 101 2 558 72 4 72887===31.15815 83 5 4 24254 254 5 53 261,or 1555====32.21421 43 7 431, or 178 74 2 7282===33.321321 33 7 33 32197171 71 71=====34.436436 44 9 44 4361611 919919=====35.Change both mixed numbers to improperfractions.1213513 565531, or543434 31212===36.Change both mixed numbers to improperfractions.23333888 864421, or 45551515===37.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.37 23772142392979÷===38.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.65642416 411 51411555÷===39.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.53585 85 4 25 248434 34 33101, or 333÷=====40.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.37 107 107 2 51035 35 3755142, or 433÷====41.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.32832 1532 158 4 3 5515585 81 5 84 3121÷=====42.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.24242124 214 6 3 77 6672171 7 64 31261÷=====43.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.3313 13 11244 124 124 3 4114 416÷=====44.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.2212 12 11130305 305 2 155 155575==÷===45.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.3656 52 3 52 56105131 31 31===÷==46.To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.4898 92 4 92 981811449141===÷==

Page 9

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 9 preview image

Loading page ...

Section R.1 Fractions, Decimals, and Percents347.Change the first number to an improperfraction, and then multiply by the reciprocal ofthe divisor.3327327827 86 4848434 33 9 2 49 2184 31===÷=÷==48.Change the first number to an improperfraction, and then multiply by the reciprocal ofthe divisor.3728728 1028 105105155 74 7 2 54 285 75710÷=÷=====49.Change both mixed numbers to improperfractions, and then multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.15512575 72127272 122 123511, or 12424==÷=÷=50.Change both mixed numbers to improperfractions, and then multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.2095959722207520 5219 710037, or631 6351.Change both mixed numbers to improperfractions, and then multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.5152147213221 32218 4721 8 421 48437, or 18 4832747478473284752.Change both mixed numbers to improperfractions, and then multiply by the reciprocalof the divisor.3423923523 5211092 5 9235, or 1 81051051853.7474111515151554.25257999955.717182 42121212123 4356.53511616138616257.Because93 3,and 3 is prime, the LCD(least common denominator) is3 39.11333339Now add the two fractions with the samedenominator.515389399958.To add415and1 ,5first find the LCD. Since153 5and 5 is prime, the LCD is 15.414134343755315151515151559.Because82 2 2and62 3,the LCD is2 2 224.3333988324and5542066424Now add fractions with the same denominator.35920298624244 ,2or51 2460.Because62 3and 93 3,the LCD is2 3 318.5533156618and222992418Now add fractions with the same denominator.515,691818241918or111861.Because93 3and164 4,the LCD is3 3 4 4144.1680991556144and3392716169144Now add fractions with the same denominator.53802791614414410714462.Because42 2and255 5,the LCD is2 2 5 5100.3325754425100and6642425254100Now add fractions with the same denominator.3675249942510001001 0

Page 10

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 10 preview image

Loading page ...

4Chapter R Review of Basic Concepts63.1124125338888811819224444411259328484Because82 2 2and42 2,the LCD is2 2 2or 8.1125923284842251888433, or 58864.2122144411121132223333366666Because 62 3,the LCD is 6.362114213462 63262813415,66or665.72725999966.838311111511167.133133102 52151515153 5368.1131132 42121212123 438====69.Because124 3=(12 is a multiple of 3), theLCD is 12.1443412=Now subtract fractions with the samedenominator.717431 311231212124 34====70.Because63 2=(6 is a multiple of 2), theLCDis 6.123336=Now subtract fractions with the samedenominator.5132566661 212323====71.Because122 2 3=and 93 3,=the LCD is2 2 336.3=773211212336==and 1449436=Now subtract fractions with the samedenominator.7121417129363636==72.The LCD of 1211111314and 16 is 48.161216312433429484848===73.33163194444444225271155555=+=+==+=+=Because42 2,=and 5 is prime, the LCD is2 2 520.=3219574414545549528677, or 320202020===74.Change both numbers to improper fractionsthen add, using 45 as the commondenominator.44191991353159951716516, or 241359591064545455====

Page 11

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 11 preview image

Loading page ...

Section R.1 Fractions, Decimals, and Percents575.7488124227229999922214333334=+=+==+=+=Because 93 3,=and 3 is prime, the LCD is3 39.=1438433227474425, or 3 993999329===76.558458912121212125524529667644667=+=+==+=+=Since122 2 3=and 62 3,=the LCD is2 2 312.=55898912612122925874621311227, or 2 12===77.Observe that there are 24 dots in the entirefigure, 6 dots in the triangle, 12 dots in therectangle, and 2 dots in the overlappingregion.(a)121242=of all the dots are in therectangle.(b)61244=of all the dots are in the triangle.(c)2163=of the dots in the triangle are inthe overlapping region.21126=of the dots in the rectangle are inthe overlapping region.78.(a)12 is 13 of 36, so Benita got a hit inexactly13of her at-bats.(b)1 is a little less than110of 11, so Chasegot a home run in just less than110of hisat-bats.(c)9 is a little less than14of 40, so Christinegot a hit in just less than14of her at-bats.(d)8 is12of 16, and 10 is12of 20, so Chinand Greg each got hits12of the time theywere at bat.79.367.9412(a)Tens: 6(b)Tenths:9(c)Thousandths:1(d)Ones: 7(e)Hundredths: 480.Answers will vary. One example is 5243.0164.81.46.249(a)46.25(b)46.2(c)46(d)5082.(a)0.889(b)0.444(c)0.976(d)0.86583.40.41084.60.61085.640.6410086.820.8210087.1380.138100088.1040.104100089.430.0431000

Page 12

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 12 preview image

Loading page ...

6Chapter R Review of Basic Concepts90.870.087100091.80538053.80531000100092.16651665.1665 1000100093.25.320109.2008.574143.09494.90.52732.430589.800712.75795.28.733.1225.6196.46.8813.4533.4397.43.5028.1715.3398.345.1056.31288.7999.3.8715.002.9021.77100.8.201.0912.0021.29101.32.56047.3561.80081.716102.75.200123.9603.897203.057103.18.0002.78915.211104.29.0008.58220.418105.12.81 decimal place9.11 decimal place1281152112116.482 decimal places106.34.042 decimal places0.562 decimal places204241702022419.06244 decimal places107.22.412 decimal places330 decimal places67236723202739.532 decimal places108.55.762 decimal places720 decimal places11152390322024014.722 decimal places109.0.21 decimal place0.032 decimal places61230.0063 decimal places110.0.072 decimal places0.0043 decimal places282350.000285 decimal places

Page 13

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 13 preview image

Loading page ...

Section R.1 Fractions, Decimals, and Percents7111.7.1511 78.6577161155550112.5.2414 73.3670332856560113.To change the divisor 11.6 into a wholenumber, move each decimal point one place tothe right. Move the decimal point straight upand divide as with whole numbers.2.8116 324.8232920000089280Therefore,32.4811.62.8.114.To change the divisor 17.4 into a wholenumber, move each decimal point one place tothe right. Move the decimal point straight upand divide as with whole numbers.4.9174 852.66961560006156 60Therefore,85.2617.44.9.115.To change the divisor 9.74 into a wholenumber, move each decimal point two placesto the right. Move the decimal point straightup and divide as with whole numbers.2.05974 1996.701948487048700Therefore,19.9679.742.05.116.To change the divisor 5.27 into a wholenumber, move each decimal point two placesto the right. Move the decimal point straightup and divide as with whole numbers.8.44527 4447.88421623182108210821080Therefore,44.47885.278.44.117.Move the decimal point one place to the right.123.26101232.6118.Move the decimal point one place to the right.785.91107859.1119.Move the decimal point two places to theright.57.1161005711.6120.Move the decimal point two places to theright.82.0531008205.3121.Move the decimal point three places to theright.0.094100094122.Move the decimal point three places to theright.0.025100025123.Move the decimal point one place to the left.1.62100.162124.Move the decimal point one place to the left.8.04100.804125.Move the decimal point two places to the left.124.031001.2403126.Move the decimal point two places to the left.490.351004.9035127.Move the decimal point three places to the left.23.291000023.2910000.02329128.Move the decimal point three places to the left.59.81000059.810000.0598

Page 14

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 14 preview image

Loading page ...

8Chapter R Review of Basic Concepts129.Convert from a decimal to a percent.0.010.01 100%1%==Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent11000.011%130.Convert from a percent to a decimal.22%0.02100==Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent1500.022%131.Convert from a percent to a fraction.55%100=In lowest terms,51 5110020 520==Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent1200.055%132.Convert to a decimal first.Divide 1 by 10.Move the decimal point one place to the left.1100.1÷=Convert the decimal to a percent.0.10.1 100%10%==Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent1100.110%133.Convert the decimal to a percent.0.1250.125 100%12.5%==Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent180.12512.5%134.Convert the percent to a decimal first.20%0.20,=or 0.2Convert from a percent to a fraction.2020%100=In lowest terms,201 2011005 205==Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent150.220%135.Convert to a decimal first.Divide 1 by 4. Adda decimal point and as many 0s as necessary.0.254 1.00820200Convert the decimal to a percent.0.25 = 25%Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent140.2525%136.Convert to a decimal first.Divide 1 by 3. Adda decimal point and as many 0s as necessary.0.33...3 1.00...91091Note that the pattern repeats. Therefore,10.33Convert the decimal to a percent.0.333.3%or10.333%3Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent130.333.3%or133%3

Page 15

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 15 preview image

Loading page ...

Section R.1 Fractions, Decimals, and Percents9137.Convert the percent to a decimal first.50% = 0.5Convert from a percent to a fraction.5050%100In lowest terms,50150%1002Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent120.550%138.Divide 2 by 3. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.0.66...3 2.00...1820182Note that the pattern repeats. Therefore,20.63Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent230.6266%3or66.6%139.Convert the decimal to a percent first.0.75 = 75%Convert from a percent to a fraction.7575%100In lowest terms,75375%1004Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent340.7575%140.Convert the decimal to a percent.1.0 = 100%Fraction in Lowest Terms(or Whole Number)DecimalPercent11.0100%141.Divide 21 by 5. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.4.25 21.02010100142.Divide 9 by 5. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.1.85 9.0540400143.Divide 9 by 4. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.2.254 9.00810820200144.Divide 15 by 4. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.3.754 15.0012302820200

Page 16

Solution Manual for College Algebra and Trigonometry, 7th Edition - Page 16 preview image

Loading page ...

10Chapter R Review of Basic Concepts145.Divide 3 by 8. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.0.3758 3.00024605640400146.Divide 7 by 8. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.0.8758 7.00064605640400147.Divide 5 by 9. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.0.555...9 5.000...45504550455Note that the pattern repeats. Therefore,50.5,9=or about0.556.148.Divide 8 by 9. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.0.888...9 8.000...72807280728Note that the pattern repeats. Therefore,80.8,9=or about0.889.149.Divide 1 by 6. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.0.166...6 1.000...6403640364Note that the pattern repeats. Therefore,10.16,6=or about0.167.150.Divide 5 by 6. Add a decimal point and asmany 0s as necessary.0.833...6 5.000...48201820182Note that the pattern repeats. Therefore,50.83,6=or about0.833.151.54%0.54=152.39%0.39=153.7%07%0.07==154.4%04%0.04==155.117%1.17=156.189%1.89=157.2.4%02.4%0.024==158.3.1%03.1%0.031==159.16%6.25%06.25%0.06254===160.15%5.5%05.5%0.0552===161.0.7979%=162.0.8383%=163.0.022%=164.0.088%=165.0.0040.4%=
Preview Mode

This document has 1320 pages. Sign in to access the full document!