Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition

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INSTRUCTOR’SSOLUTIONSMANUALPREALGEBRA&INTRODUCTORYALGEBRAFIFTHEDITIONElayn Martin-GayUniversity of New Orleans

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ContentsChapter 11Chapter 242Chapter 371Chapter 4101Chapter 5164Chapter 6209Chapter 7254Chapter 8285Chapter 9325Chapter 10368Chapter 11414Chapter 12454Chapter 13507Chapter 14567Chapter 15612Chapter 16647Appendix698Practice Final Exam704

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1Chapter 1Section 1.2 Practice Exercises1.The place value of the 8 in 38,760,005 ismillions.2.The place value of the 8 in 67,890 is hundreds.3.The place value of the 8 in 481,922 is ten-thousands.4.54 is written as fifty-four.5.678 is written as six hundred seventy-eight.6.93,205 is written as ninety-three thousand, twohundred five.7.679,430,105 is written as six hundred seventy-nine million, four hundred thirty thousand, onehundred five.8.Thirty-seven in standard form is 37.9.Two hundred twelve in standard form is 212.10.Eight thousand, two hundred seventy-four instandard form is 8,274 or 8274.11.Five million, fifty-seven thousand, twenty-six instandard form is 5,057,026.12.4,026,301= 4,000,000 + 20,000 + 6000 + 300 + 113.a.Find Australia in the “Country” column.Read from left to right until the “bronze”column is reached. Australia won10 bronze medals.b.Find the countries for which the entry in the“Total” column is greater than 60. TheUnited States, China, and Great Britain wonmore than 60 medals.Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 1.21.The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,12, ... are called whole numbers.2.The number 1286 is written in standard form.3.The number “twenty-one” is written in words.4.The number 900 + 60 + 5 is written in expandedform.5.In a whole number, each group of 3 digits iscalled a period.6.The place value of the digit 4 in the wholenumber 264 is ones.7.hundreds8.To read (or write) a number, read from left toright.9.80,00010.BoxerExercise Set 1.22.The place value of the 5 in 905 is ones.4.The place value of the 5 in 6527 is hundreds.6.The place value of the 5 in 79,050,000 is ten-thousands.8.The place value of the 5 in 51,682,700 is ten-millions.10.316 is written as three hundred sixteen.12.5445 is written as five thousand, four hundredforty-five.14.42,009 is written as forty-two thousand, nine.16.3,204,000 is written as three million, twohundred four thousand.18.47,033,107 is written as forty-seven million,thirty-three thousand, one hundred seven.20.254 is written as two hundred fifty-four.22.119,926 is written as one hundred nineteenthousand, nine hundred twenty-six.24.50,400,000,000 is written as fifty billion, fourhundred million.26.11,239 is written as eleven thousand, twohundred thirty-nine.28.202,700 is written as two hundred two thousand,seven hundred.

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra230.Four thousand, four hundred sixty-eight instandard form is 4468.32.Seventy-three thousand, two in standard form is73,002.34.Sixteen million, four hundred five thousand,sixteen in standard form is 16,405,016.36.Two million, twelve in standard form is2,000,012.38.Six hundred forty thousand, eight hundredeighty-one in standard form is 640,881.40.Two hundred thirty-four thousand in standardform is 234,000.42.One thousand, eight hundred fifteen in standardform is 1815.44.Two hundred eight million, eight hundred sixthousand, two hundred seventy in standard formis 208,806,270.46.Seven hundred nine in standard form is 709.48.789 = 700 + 80 + 950.6040 = 6000 + 4052.20,215 = 20,000 + 200 + 10 + 554.99,032 = 90,000 + 9000 + 30 + 256.47,703,029 = 40,000,000 + 7,000,000 + 700,000+ 3000 + 20 + 958.Mount Baker erupted in 1792, which is instandard form.60.Mount Shasta and Mount St. Helens have eachhad two eruptions listed.62.Mount St. Helens has an eruption listed in 1980.All other eruptions listed in the table occurredbefore this one.64.More German shepherds are registered thanGolden retrievers.66.German shepherds are second in popularity. 26is written as twenty-six.68.The maximum height of an average-sizestandard poodle is 26 inches.70.The largest number is 77,753.72.Yes74.answers may vary76.A quadrillion in standard form is1,000,000,000,000,000.Section 1.3 Practice Exercises1.41352524387+2.1 1 1 147,364135,898183, 262+3.Notice 12 + 8 = 20 and 4 + 6 = 10.12 + 4 + 8 + 6 + 5 = 20 + 10 + 5 = 354.1 2 2643278954287303+5.a.14−6 = 8 because 8 + 6 = 14.b.20−8 = 12 because 12 + 8 = 20c.93−93 = 0 because 0 + 93 = 93.d.42−0 = 42 because 42 + 0 = 42.6.a.91431229021−Check:90211229143+b.978851127−Check:127851978+7.a.8 1769 74 964 8−Check:64849697+

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers3b.2 1232624581−Check:81245326+c.1234822412−Check:4128221234+8.a.93 10104 0 01 6 42 3 6−Check:236164400+b.99101010 0 07 6 22 3 8−Check:2387621000+9.2 cm + 8 cm + 15 cm + 5 cm = 30 cmThe perimeter is 30 centimeters.10.647 + 647 + 647 = 1941The perimeter is 1941 feet.11.15, 75945815,301−The radius of Neptune is 15,301 miles.12.a.The country with the fewest threatenedamphibians corresponds to the shortest bar,which is Madagascar.b.To find the total number of threatenedamphibians for Madagascar, Peru, andMexico, we add.69102211382+The total number of threatened amphibiansfor Madagascar, Peru, and Mexico is 382.Calculator Explorations1.89 + 45 = 1342.76 + 97 = 1733.285 + 55 = 3404.8773 + 652 = 94255.985 + 1210 + 562 + 77 = 28346.465 + 9888 + 620 + 1550 = 12,5237.865−95 = 7708.76−27 = 499.147−38 = 10910.366−87 = 27911.9625−647 = 897812.10,711−8925 = 1786Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 1.31.The sum of 0 and any number is the samenumber.2.In 35 + 20 = 55, the number 55 is called the sumand 35 and 20 are each called an addend.3.The difference of any number and that samenumber is 0.4.The difference of any number and 0 is the samenumber.5.In 37−19 = 18, the number 37 is the minuend,the 19 is the subtrahend, and the 18 is thedifference.6.The distance around a polygon is called itsperimeter.7.Since 7 + 10 = 10 + 7, we say that changing theorder in addition does not change the sum. Thisproperty is called the commutative property ofaddition.8.Since (3 + 1) + 20 = 3 + (1 + 20), we say thatchanging the grouping in addition does notchange the sum. This property is called theassociative property of addition.9.To add whole numbers, we line up place valuesand add from right to left.10.We cannot take 7 from 2 in the ones place, so weborrow one ten from the tens place and move itover to the ones place to give us 10 + 2 or 12.11.triangle; 3

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra412.To find the sale price, subtract the discount fromthe regular price.Exercise Set 1.32.273158+4.37542579+6.23453098+8.23662436479+10.117, 427821, 059838, 486+12.3585728+14.2 26428562532205+16.1 1 216105674877709590+18.1 1 1 167894321555516, 665+20.1 1 1265824 76362,51167,882+22.1 1 1 2 1 2504, 218321,92038,507594, 6871, 459,332+24.957257700−Check:700257957+26.552926−Check:1262955+28.674299375−Check:1 1375299674+30.300149151−Check:1 1151149300+32.53497204629−Check:146297205349+34.72416708−Check:170816724+

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers536.1983191469−Check:16919141983+38.40, 00023,58216, 418−Check:1 1 1 116, 41823,58240, 000+40.605018784172−Check:1 1 1417218786050+42.62, 22239,89822,324−Check:1 1 1 122,32439,89862, 222+44.98648938−46.280931792201+48.10, 00017868214−50.1 1 112, 4683 2111 98817, 667+52.3 + 4 + 5 = 12The perimeter is 12 centimeters.54.Opposite sides of a rectangle have the samelength.9 + 3 + 9 + 3 = 12 + 12 = 24The perimeter is 24 miles.56.6 + 5 + 7 + 3 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 37The perimeter is 37 inches.58.The unknown vertical side has length3 + 5 = 8 feet. The unknown horizontal side haslength 8 + 4 = 12 feet.8 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 12 + 8 = 40The perimeter is 40 feet.60.“Find the sum” indicates addition.180264877289+The sum of 802 and 6487 is 7289.62.“Find the total” indicates addition.1 28945219341496+The total of 89, 45, 2, 19, and 341 is 496.64.“Find the difference” indicates subtraction.16511−The difference of 16 and 5 is 11.66.“Increased by” indicates addition.71238750+712 increased by 38 is 750.68.“Less” indicates subtraction.251213−25 less 12 is 13.70.“Subtracted from” indicates subtraction.90864−86 subtracted from 90 is 4.72.Subtract 39,136 thousand from 44,126 thousand.44 12639 1364 990−,,California’s projected population increase is4990 thousand.

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra674.Subtract the discount from the regular price.54799448−The sale price is $448.76.164, 00040, 000204, 000+The total U.S. land area drained by the Ohio andTennessee sub-basins is 204,000 square miles.78.189, 00075, 000114, 000−The Upper Mississippi sub-basin drains 114,000square miles more than the Lower Mississippisub-basin.80.Opposite sides of a rectangle have the samelength.60 + 45 + 60 + 45 = 210The perimeter is 210 feet.82.59,32055, 4923 828−They traveled 3828 miles on their trip.84.65 54249 768115 310,,,+The total number of F-Series trucks andSilverados sold that month was 115,310.86.The shortest bar corresponds to the quietestreading. Leaves rustling is the quietest.88.1007030−The difference in sound intensity between liverock music and loud television is 30 dB.90.1199920−The difference in volume between the mid-sizeand a sub-compact car is 20 cubic feet.92.Opposite sides of a rectangle have the samelength.18 + 12 + 18 + 12 = 60The perimeter of the puzzle is 60 inches.94.Indiana has the fewest CVS pharmacies.96.356 + 867 + 756 + 313 + 301 + 486 + 313 + 309+ 408 + 659 = 4768The total number of CVS pharmacies in the tenstates listed is 4768.98.The total number of CVS pharmacies in thestates listed in the table is 4768.476830487816+There are 7816 CVS pharmacies in the 50 states.100.1519312226415+The total highway mileage in Rhode Island is6415 miles.102.The minuend is 2863 and the subtrahend is 1904.104.The minuend is 86 and the subtrahend is 25.106.answers may vary108.2 17736594811913+The given sum is correct.110.1 21921449651933+The given sum is incorrect, the correct sum is933.112.1 138989478+The given difference is correct.

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers7114.1 171685477715+The given difference is incorrect.76155477068−116.10, 2448 5341 710−118.answers may varySection 1.4 Practice Exercises1.a.To round 57 to the nearest ten, observe thatthe digit in the ones place is 7. Since thedigit is at least 5, we add 1 to the digit in thetens place. The number 57 rounded to thenearest ten is 60.b.To round 641 to the nearest ten, observe thatthe digit in the ones place is 1. Since thedigit is less than 5, we do not add 1 to thedigit in the tens place. The number 641rounded to the nearest ten is 640.c.To round 325 to the nearest ten observe thatthe digit in the ones place is 5. Since thedigit is at least 5, we add 1 to the digit in thetens place. The number 325 rounded to thenearest ten is 330.2.a.To round 72,304 to the nearest thousand,observe that the digit in the hundreds placeis 3. Since the digit is less than 5, we do notadd 1 to the digit in the thousands place. Thenumber 72,304 rounded to the nearestthousand is 72,000.b.To round 9222 to the nearest thousand,observe that the digit in the hundreds placeis 2. Since the digit is less than 5, we do notadd 1 to the digit in the thousands place. Thenumber 9222 rounded to the nearestthousand is 9000.c.To round 671,800 to the nearest thousand,observe that the digit in the hundreds placeis 8. Since this digit is at least 5, we add 1 tothe digit in the thousands place. The number671,800 rounded to the nearest thousand is672,000.3.a.To round 3474 to the nearest hundred,observe that the digit in the tens place is 7.Since this digit is at least 5, we add 1 to thedigit in the hundreds place. The number3474 rounded to the nearest hundred is3500.b.To round 76,243 to the nearest hundred,observe that the digit in the tens place is 4.Since this digit is less than 5, we do not add1 to the digit in the hundreds place. Thenumber 76,243 rounded to the nearesthundred is 76,200.c.To round 978,965 to the nearest hundred,observe that the digit in the tens place is 6.Since this digit is at least 5, we add 1 to thedigit in the hundreds place. The number978,865 rounded to the nearest hundred is979,000.4.49rounds to5025rounds to3032rounds to3051rounds to5098rounds to+ 1002605.3785rounds to40002479rounds to20002000−−6.11rounds to1016rounds to2019rounds to2031rounds to+ 3080+The total distance is approximately 80 miles.7.2930rounds to300018,166rounds to18,000189rounds to+021,000+In 2015, there were approximately 21,000reported cases of these diseases.Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 1.41.To graph a number on a number line, darken thepoint representing the location of the number.2.Another word for approximating a wholenumber is rounding.

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra83.The number 65 rounded to the nearest ten is 70,but the number 61 rounded to the nearest ten is60.4.An exact number of products is 1265, but anestimate is 1000.5.3 is in the place we’re rounding to (tens), and thedigit to the right of this place is 5 or greater, sowe need to add 1 to the 3.6.On a number line, 22 is closer to 20 than to 30.Thus, 22 rounded to the nearest ten is 20.7.Each circled digit is to the right of the placevalue being rounded to and is used to determinewhether or not we add 1 to the digit in the placevalue being rounded to.Exercise Set 1.42.To round 273 to the nearest ten, observe that thedigit in the ones place is 3. Since this digit is lessthan 5, we do not add 1 to the digit in the tensplace. The number 273 rounded to the nearestten is 270.4.To round 846 to the nearest ten, observe that thedigit in the ones place is 6. Since this digit is atleast 5, we add 1 to the digit in the tens place.The number 846 rounded to the nearest ten is850.6.To round 8494 to the nearest hundred, observethat the digit in the tens place is 9. Since thisdigit is at least 5, we add 1 to the digit in thehundreds place. The number 8494 rounded to thenearest hundred is 8500.8.To round 898 to the nearest ten, observe that thedigit in the ones place is 8. Since this digit is atleast 5, we add 1 to the digit in the tens place.The number 898 rounded to the nearest ten is900.10.To round 82,198 to the nearest thousand,observe that the digit in the hundreds place is 1.Since this digit is less than 5, we do not add 1 tothe digit in the thousands place. The number82,198 rounded to the nearest thousand is82,000.12.To round 42,682 to the nearest ten-thousand,observe that the digit in the thousands place is 2.Since this digit is less than 5, we do not add 1 tothe digit in the ten-thousands place. The number42,682 rounded to the nearest ten-thousand is40,000.14.To round 179,406 to the nearest hundred,observe that the digit in the tens place is 0. Sincethis digit is less than 5, we do not add 1 to thedigit in the hundreds place. The number 179,406rounded to the nearest hundred is 179,400.16.To round 96,501 to the nearest thousand,observe that the digit in the hundreds place is 5.Since this digit is at least 5, we add 1 to the digitin the thousands place. The number 96,501rounded to the nearest thousand is 97,000.18.To round 99,995 to the nearest ten, observe thatthe digit in the ones place is 5. Since this digit isat least 5, we add 1 to the digit in the tens place.The number 99,995 rounded to the nearest ten is100,000.20.To round 39,523,698 to the nearest million,observe that the digit in the hundred-thousandsplace is 5. Since this digit is at least 5, we add 1to the digit in the millions place. The number39,523,698 rounded to the nearest million is40,000,000.22.Estimate 7619 to a given place value byrounding it to that place value. 7619 rounded tothe tens place is 7620, to the hundreds place is7600, and to the thousands place is 8000.24.Estimate 7777 to a given place value byrounding it to that place value. 7777 rounded tothe tens place is 7780, to the hundreds place is7800, and to the thousands place is 8000.26.Estimate 85,049 to a given place value byrounding it to that place value. 85,049 roundedto the tens place is 85,050, to the hundreds placeis 85,000, and to the thousands place is 85,000.28.To round 171,874 to the nearest thousand,observe that the digit in the hundreds place is 8.Since this digit is at least 5, we add 1 to the digitin the thousands place. Therefore171,874 miles rounded to the nearest thousand is172,000 miles.30.To round 38,387 to the nearest thousand,observe that the digit in the hundreds place is 3.Since this digit is less than 5, we do not add 1 tothe digit in the thousands place. Therefore,38,387 points rounded to the nearest thousand is38,000 points.

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers932.To round 322,962,019 to the nearest million,observe that the digit in the hundred-thousandsplace is 9. Since this digit is at least 5, we add 1to the digit in the millions place. Therefore,322,962,019 rounded to the nearest million is323,000,000.34.To round 2,110,000 to the nearest million,observe that the digit in the hundred-thousandsplace is 1. Since this digit is less than 5, we donot add 1 to the digit in the millions place.Therefore, $2,110,000 rounded to the nearestmillion is $2,000,000.36.To round 15,226,000,000 to the nearest ten-million, observe that the digit in the millionsplace is 6. Since this digit is at least 5, we add 1to the digit in the ten-millions place. Therefore,15,226,000,000 bushels rounded to the nearestten-million is 15,230,000,000 bushels.38.52rounds to5033rounds to3015rounds to2029rounds to+ 30130+40.555rounds to560235rounds to240320−−42.4050rounds to41003133rounds to31001220rounds to12008400++44.1989rounds to20001870rounds to1900100−−46.799rounds to8001655rounds to1700271rounds to+ 3002800+48.522 + 785 is approximately 520 + 790 = 1310.The answer of 1307 is correct.50.542 + 789 + 198 is approximately540 + 790 + 200 = 1530.The answer of 2139 is incorrect.52.5233 + 4988 is approximately5200 + 5000 = 10,200.The answer of 9011 is incorrect.54.89rounds to9097rounds to100100rounds to10079rounds to8075rounds to8082rounds to+80530+The total score is approximately 530.56.588rounds to600689rounds to700277rounds to300143rounds to10059rounds to100802rounds to+ 8002600+The total distance is approximately 2600 miles.58.1895rounds to19001524rounds to1500400−−The difference in price is approximately $400.60.64rounds to6041rounds to40133rounds to+ 130230+The total distance is approximately 230 miles.62.51, 746rounds to52,00049, 713rounds to50, 0002 000−−The increase is approximately 2000 credit hours.64.769 hundred-thousands is 76,900,000 in standardform. 76,900,000 rounded to the nearest millionis 77,000,000. 76,900,000 rounded to the nearestten-million is 80,000,000.66.568 hundred-thousands is 56,800,000 in standardform. 56,800,000 rounded to the nearest millionis 57,000,000. 56,800,000 rounded to the nearestten-million is 60,000,000.68.5698, for example, rounded to the nearest ten is5700.

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra1070.The largest possible number that rounds to1,500,000 when rounded to the nearest hundred-thousand is 1,549,999.72.answers may vary74.5950rounds to6 0007693rounds to7 7008203rounds to8 20021,900++The perimeter is approximately 21,900 miles.Section 1.5 Practice Exercises1.a.6×0 = 0b.(1)8 = 8c.(50)(0) = 0d.75⋅1 = 752.a.6(4 + 5) = 6⋅4 + 6⋅5b.30(2 + 3) = 30⋅2 + 30⋅3c.7(2 + 8) = 7⋅2 + 7⋅83.a.5296174×b.4 464853240×4.3068130624 48024, 786×5.7261421 45229 04072 600103, 092×6.Arealength width(360 miles)(280 miles)100,800 square miles=⋅==The area of Wyoming is 100,800 square miles.7.164580640720×The printer can print 720 pages in 45 minutes.8.811885945×=×=18845133+The total cost is $133.9.163rounds to200391rounds to40080,000××There are approximately 80,000 words on 391pages.Calculator Explorations1.72×48 = 34562.81×92 = 74523.163⋅94 = 15,3224.285⋅144 = 41,0405.983(277) = 272,2916.1562(843) = 1,316,766Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 1.51.The product of 0 and any number is 0.2.The product of 1 and any number is the number.3.In 8⋅12 = 96, the 96 is called the product and 8and 12 are each called a factor.4.Since 9⋅10 = 10⋅9, we say that changing theorder in multiplication does not change theproduct. This property is called the commutativeproperty of multiplication.

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers115.Since (3⋅4)⋅6 = 3⋅(4⋅6), we say thatchanging the grouping in multiplication does notchange the product. This property is called theassociative property of multiplication.6.Area measures the amount of surface of a region.7.Area of a rectangle = length⋅width.8.We know 9(10 + 8) = 9⋅10 + 9⋅8 by thedistributive property.9.distributive10.To show that 8649 is actually multiplied by 70and not by just 7.11.Area is measured in square units, and here wehave meters by meters, or square meters; theanswer is 63squaremeters, or the correct unitsare square meters.12.Multiplication is also an application of additionsince it is addition of the same addend.Exercise Set 1.52.55⋅1 = 554.27⋅0 = 06.7⋅6⋅0 = 08.1⋅41 = 4110.5(8 + 2) = 5⋅8 + 5⋅212.6(1 + 4) = 6⋅1 + 6⋅414.12(12 + 3) = 12⋅12 + 12⋅316.793237×18.63853190×20.88221764×22.9021327, 063×24.917218263706552×26.526231 57810 52012, 098×28.7082170814 16014,868×30.7208057, 600×32.(593)(47)(0) = 034.(240)(1)(20) = (240)(20) = 480036.13577912 21394 990107, 203×38.8071275 64916 14080 700102, 489×40.12345678 63874 040617 000699, 678×

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra1242.4261104 26042 60046,860×44.1876140713 132750 4001 876 0002, 639,532×46.Area(length)(width)(13 inches)(3 inches)39 square inches===Perimeterlengthwidthlengthwidth13313332 inches=+++=+++=48.Area(length)(width)(25 centimeters)(20 centimeters)500 square centimeters===Perimeterlengthwidthlengthwidth2520252090 centimeters=+++=+++=50.982rounds to1000650rounds to700700, 000××52.111rounds to100999rounds to1000100, 000××54.2872×12 is approximately 2872×10, which is28,720.The best estimate is b.56.706×409 is approximately 700×400, which is280,000.The best estimate is d.58.7012(710)127(1012)7120840×=××=××=×=60.9×900 = 810062.331039930×64.148112×There are 112 grams of fat in 8 ounces of hulledsunflower seeds.66.3414136340476×There are 476 seats in the room.68.a.5×4 = 20There are 20 apartments on one floor.b.20360×There are 60 apartments in the building.70.Area(length)(width)(60 feet)(45 feet)2700 square feet===The area is 2700 square feet.72.Area(length)(width)(776 meters)(639 meters)495,864 square meters===The area is 495,864 square meters.74.700174 9007 00011,900×The 17 discs hold 11,900 MB.76.36531095×A cow eats 1095 pounds of grain each year.

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers1378.131678130208×There are 208 grams of fat in 16 ounces.80.PersonNumberofpersonsCost perpersonCost perCategoryStudent24$5$120Nonstudent4$7$28Childrenunder 125$2$10Total Cost$15882.3×18 = 54There are projected to be 54 million “older”Americans in 2020.84.1268118−86.47 + 26 + 10 + 231 + 50 = 36488.19476×The product of 19 and 4 is 76.90.14923+The total of 14 and 9 is 23.92.11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 = 6⋅11 or 11⋅694.a.4⋅5 = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 or 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4b.answers may vary96.31501550×98.57×3 = 17157×6 = 342The problem is5763×100.answers may vary102.3×87 = 2612×650 = 1300261 + 1300 + 359 = 1920LeBron James scored 1920 points during the2015−2016 regular season.Section 1.6 Practice Exercises1.a.89 72because 8⋅9 = 72.b.40÷5 = 8 because 8⋅5 = 40.c.2446=because 4⋅6 = 24.2.a.717=because 1⋅7 = 7.b.5÷1 = 5 because 5⋅1 = 5.c.111 11because 11⋅1 = 11.d.4÷1 = 4 because 4⋅1 = 4.e.10101=because 10⋅1 = 10.f.21÷21 = 1 because 1⋅21 = 21.3.a.007=because 0⋅7 = 0.b.08 0because 0⋅8 = 0.c.7÷0 is undefined because if 7÷0 is anumber, then the number times 0 would be7.d.0÷14 = 0 because 0⋅14 = 0.

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra144.a.818649084810648480−−−Check:81864908×b.5534221220212012120−−−Check:55342212×c.2513753615150330−−−Check:2513753×5.a.304721282102028280−−−Check: 304×7 = 2128b.5 100945,900450 99000−−Check: 5100×9 = 45,9006.a.234 R 349398131219163−−−Check: 234⋅4 + 3 = 939b.657 R 25328730282537352−−−Check: 657⋅5 + 2 = 32877.a.9067 R 2981, 605810 60605465632−−−−Check: 9067⋅9 + 2 = 81,605

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 18 preview image

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers15b.5827 R 2423,310203 33 211830282−−−−Check: 5827⋅4 + 2 = 23,3108.524 R 12178920854234806812−−−9.49 R 6067833, 28227 126 1626 10260−−10.5731711521210−−Each student got 57 CDs.11.44125324852484−−There will be 44 full boxes and 4 printers leftover.12.Find the sum and divide by 7.4735169352126+187 126756560−−The average time is 18 minutes.Calculator Explorations1.848÷16 = 532.564÷12 = 473.5890÷95 = 624.1053÷27 = 395.32,886261126=6.143, 088542264=7.0÷315 = 08.315÷0 is an error.Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 1.61.In 90÷2 = 45, the answer 45 is called thequotient, 90 is called the dividend, and 2 iscalled the divisor.2.The quotient of any number and 1 is the samenumber.3.The quotient of any number (except 0) and thesame number is 1.4.The quotient of 0 and any number (except 0) is0.5.The quotient of any number and 0 is undefined.6.The average of a list of numbers is the sum ofthe numbers divided by the number of numbers.7.0

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 19 preview image

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra168.zero; this zero becomes a placeholder in thequotient.9.202⋅102 + 15 = 20,61910.This tells us we have a division problem sincedivision may be used to separate a quantity intoequal parts.11.addition and divisionExercise Set 1.62.72÷9 = 84.24÷3 = 86.0÷4 = 08.38÷1 = 3810.49149=12.4559=14.12 is undefined016.6÷6 = 118.7÷0 is undefined20.18÷3 = 622.17585535350−−Check: 17⋅5 = 8524.8086406400−Check: 80⋅8 = 64026.526421042010824240−−−Check: 526⋅4 = 210428.0030=Check: 0⋅30 = 030.7856560−Check: 7⋅8 = 5632.11111211111110−−Check: 11⋅11 = 12134.60 R 674264206−Check: 60⋅7 + 6 = 42636.413 R 131240120431091−−−Check: 413⋅3 + 1 = 1240

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 20 preview image

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers1738.55 R 231671517152−−Check: 55⋅3 + 2 = 16740.833 R 14333332131213121−−−Check: 833⋅4 + 1 = 333342.32237366946460−−Check: 32⋅23 = 73644.484220161683363360−−Check: 48⋅42 = 201646.44 R 24419381761781762−−Check: 44⋅44 + 2 = 193848.612 R 10127354721512342410−−−Check: 612⋅12 + 10 = 735450.4051456705607070700−−−Check: 405⋅14 = 567052.39 R 96425051925855769−−Check: 39⋅64 + 9 = 250554.4712357814928618610−−Check: 47⋅123 = 578156.96 R 5224023, 09221 601 4921 44052−−Check: 96⋅240 + 52 = 23,092

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 21 preview image

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra1858.201 R 5020340,85340 625025320350−−−Check: 201⋅203 + 50 = 40,85360.303 R 63543164,592162 91 6901 6921 62963−−−Check: 303⋅543 + 63 = 164,59262.138 104824240−−64.603 R 2530173001017152−−−66.1714 R 475085, 7475035 735 0745024720047−−−−68.3 040214650,5606428 508 568 560000−−−−70.13 R 3794724213−−The quotient is 13 R 3.72.3 R 2032 1169620−116 divided by 32 is 3 R 20.74.15 R 3578528253−−The quotient is 15 R 3.76.588549304256806800−−There are 58 students in the group.

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 22 preview image

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers1978.2520002152920004210910542420−−−Each person received $252,000.80.41214576856161428280−−−The truck hauls 412 bushels on each trip.82.Lane divider = 25 + 25 = 501055052805028028025030−−−There are 105 whole lane dividers.84.23 R 181851625241−−Yes, there is enough for a 22-student class.There is one 8-foot length and 1 additional footof rope left over. That is, she has 9 feet of extrarope.86.14684624240−−The players each scored 14 touchdowns.88.16320528032020801920160−−There are 16 whole feet in 1 rod.90.3372615295122180+3061801800−180Average306==92.2 1121200185176163845+16958455343045450−−−845Average1695==94.2929690859279534+8965344854540−−534Average896==96.534030123+413123120330−−The average temperature is 41°.

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 23 preview image

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra2098.1 1234079270117533+100.712542 84835 60038, 448×102.71254658−104.0023=because 0⋅23 = 0106.9 R 253130427925−108.The quotient of 200 and 20 is 200÷20, which ischoice b.110.40 divided by 8 is 40÷8, which is choice c.112.3,500, 000, 0002, 680, 000, 0002, 250, 000, 0001,800, 000, 00010, 230, 000, 000+2,557,500, 0004 10, 230, 000, 00082 22 0232030282 02 0000 000−−−−−The top four advertisers spent an average of$2,557,500,000.114.The average will decrease; answers may vary.116.No; answers may varyPossible answer: The average cannot be less thaneach of the four numbers.118.84÷21 = 4The width is 4 inches.120.answers may varyPossible answer: 2 and 2122.861076106610561046−−−−46103610261016106−−−−Therefore, 86÷10 = 8 R 6.Integrated Review1.1426389194+2.70064516555−3.875217443504524×4.5628449640494816160−−−5.1⋅67 = 676.360is undefined.7.16÷16 = 1

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 24 preview image

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers218.5÷1 = 59.0⋅21 = 010.7⋅0⋅8 = 011.0÷7 = 012.12÷4 = 313.9⋅7 = 6314.45÷5 = 915.20769138−16.120769276+17.371825491169−18.1 1186179659826+19.182 R 47 12787575618144−−−20.1259633 77775 54079,317×21.1099 R 2776957060696365632−−−−22.111 R 19 100091091091−−−23.663 R 243221, 24019 22 041 921209624−−−24.1 076 R 606570, 000655 005 004 5545039060−−−−25.400029631037−26.10, 0001019 899−

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 25 preview image

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra2227.30310130330 30030,603×28.(475)(100) = 47,50029.162971+The total of 62 and 9 is 71.30.629558×The product of 62 and 9 is 558.31.6 R 8962548−The quotient of 62 and 9 is 6 R 8.32.62953−The difference of 62 and 9 is 53.33.20017183−17 subtracted from 200 is 183.34.432201231−The difference of 432 and 201 is 231.35.9735 rounded to the nearest ten is 9740.9735 rounded to the nearest hundred is 9700.9735 rounded to the nearest thousand is 10,000.36.1429 rounded to the nearest ten is 1430.1429 rounded to the nearest hundred is 1400.1429 rounded to the nearest thousand is 1000.37.20,801 rounded to the nearest ten is 20,800.20,801 rounded to the nearest hundred is 20,800.20,801 rounded to the nearest thousand is21,000.38.432,198 rounded to the nearest ten is 432,200.432,198 rounded to the nearest hundred is432,200.432,198 rounded to the nearest thousand is432,000.39.6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 246×6 = 36The perimeter is 24 feet and the area is 36 squarefeet.40.14 + 7 + 14 + 7 = 4214798×The perimeter is 42 inches and the area is98 square inches.41.139628+The perimeter is 28 miles.42.The unknown vertical side has length4 + 3 = 7 meters. The unknown horizontal sidehas length 3 + 3 = 6 meters.34376326+The perimeter is 26 meters.43.31915253724120+2451201020200−−120Average245==

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 26 preview image

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers2344.1 210813198159496+1244496409816160−−−496Average1244==45.28,54726,3722 175−The Lake Pontchartrain Bridge is longer by2175 feet.46.30918247230905562×The amount spent on toys is $5562.Section 1.7 Practice Exercises1.48 8 8 88⋅⋅⋅=2.33 3 33⋅⋅=3.510 10 10 10 1010⋅⋅⋅⋅=4.265 5 4 4 4 4 4 454⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=⋅5.244 416=⋅=6.377 7 7343=⋅⋅=7.11111=8.22 32 3 318⋅=⋅⋅=9.9 384278427225⋅−÷=−÷=−=10.2483 2483 416 464÷⋅=÷⋅=⋅=11.4242(107)2 332 3812 9811899−+⋅=+⋅=+⋅=+=12.33336[20(4 2)]4636[208]463612463612646364661÷−⋅+−=÷−+−=÷+−=÷+−=+−=13.3258 23258 2272(32)2(1)25162721427+⋅−+⋅−=−+−===14.366 356 3518523÷⋅+=⋅+=+=15.22Area(side)(12 centimeters)144 square centimeters===The area of the square is 144 square centimeters.Calculator Explorations1.644096=2.6515, 625=3.553125=4.67117, 649=5.1122048=6.861, 679, 616=7.43752526+=8.4412816,640−=9.63⋅75−43⋅10 = 429510.8⋅22 + 7⋅16 = 28811.4(15÷3 + 2)−10⋅2 = 8

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 27 preview image

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra2412.155−2(17 + 3) + 185 = 300Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 1.71.In5232,=the 2 is called the base and the 5 iscalled the exponent.2.To simplify 8 + 2⋅6, which operation should beperformed first? multiplication3.To simplify (8 + 2)⋅6, which operation shouldbe performed first? addition4.To simplify 9(3−2)÷3 + 6, which operationshould be performed first? subtraction5.To simplify 8÷2⋅6, which operation should beperformed first? division6.exponent; base7.18.division, multiplication, addition9.The area of a rectangle is length⋅width. Asquare is a special rectangle wherelength = width. Thus, the area of a square isside⋅side or2side)(.Exercise Set 1.72.45 5 5 55⋅⋅⋅=4.76 6 6 6 6 6 66⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=6.310 10 1010⋅⋅=8.234 4 3 3 343⋅⋅⋅⋅=⋅10.37 4 4 47 4⋅⋅⋅=⋅12.44 6 6 6 64 6⋅⋅⋅⋅=⋅14.246 6 2 9 9 9 962 9⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=⋅⋅16.266 636=⋅=18.366 6 6216=⋅⋅=20.533 3 3 3 3243=⋅⋅⋅⋅=22.1211 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11=⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅=24.188=26.455 5 5 5625=⋅⋅⋅=28.333 3 327=⋅⋅=30.344 4 464=⋅⋅=32.388 8 8512=⋅⋅=34.21111 11121=⋅=36.31010 10 101000=⋅⋅=38.11414=40.544 4 4 4 41024=⋅⋅⋅⋅=42.25 35 3 345⋅=⋅⋅=44.22 72 7 798⋅=⋅⋅=46.24 + 6⋅3 = 24 + 18 = 4248.100÷10⋅5 + 4 = 10⋅5 + 4 = 50 + 4 = 5450.42÷7−6 = 6−6 = 052.832324362+=+=54.3⋅4 + 9⋅1 = 12 + 9 = 2156.26936391993+÷+===58.226(108)6236 272⋅−=⋅=⋅=60.3233235(1015)935259312525812758127113÷+++=÷++=÷++=++=62.22408484832591653+===−−64.(9−7)⋅(12 + 18) = 2⋅30 = 60

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 28 preview image

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers2566.25(127)45(5)4254213251825187518−−−−====−−−68.18−7÷0 = undefined70.3323(10010)23108 310241014⋅−÷=⋅−=⋅−=−=72.555[40(82)]2[406]234234322−−−=−−=−=−=74.(186)[(35) 2](186)(8 2)3(8 2)31619÷++⋅=÷+⋅=+⋅=+=76.222235[3(97)2 ]10 335[322 ]10 335[924]10 335710 3510 353035÷+−−+⋅=÷+−+⋅=÷+−+⋅=÷+⋅=+⋅=+=78.234521258118189105 4 142 4 14842−+−+====÷⋅⋅÷⋅⋅÷÷80.222393813(106)213(4)21843(4)41841241848184712++=−−−−−=−−=−−=−==82.3102322010227 220527 2205542039÷+⋅−=÷+⋅−=+⋅−=+−=84.2222222[15(116)2 ](51)[1552 ]4[1554]4[34]47471623÷−++−=÷++=÷++=++=+=+=86.29{53[8 (108)]50}29{53[8 2]50}29{53(16)50}29{54850}29326−+⋅−−=−+⋅−=−+−=−+−=−=88.22Area of a square(side)(9 centimeters)81 square centimeters===Perimeter4(side)4(9 centimeters)36 centimeters===90.22Area of a square(side)(41 feet)1681 square feet===Perimeter = 4(side) = 4(41 feet) = 164 feet92.The statement is true.94.944 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4=⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅The statement is false.96.(2 + 3)⋅(6−2) = (5)⋅(4) = 2098.24(3 22) 524(62) 5248 53 515÷⋅+⋅=÷+⋅=÷⋅=⋅=100.The total perimeter is 1260 feet.4×1260 = 5040The total charge is $5040.102.33325(457 5) 525(4535) 525(10) 515, 625 10 5156, 250 5781, 250⋅−⋅⋅=⋅−⋅=⋅⋅=⋅⋅=⋅=104.answers may vary

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 29 preview image

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra26Section 1.8 Practice Exercises1.x−2 = 7−2 = 52.y(x−3) = 4(8−3) = 4(5) = 203.618624466yx++===4.33252521258118zx−+=−+=−+=5.5(32)5(4132)5(9)4559999F−−====6.3(6)63(86)63(2)666Truey−=−=Yes, 8 is a solution.7.5n+ 4 = 34Letnbe 10.5(10)434504345434False++=No, 10 is not a solution.Letnbe 6.5(6)434304343434True++=Yes, 6 is a solution.Letnbe 8.5(8)434404344434False++=No, 8 is not a solution.8.a.Twice a number is 2x.b.8 increased by a number is 8 +xorx+ 8.c.10 minus a number is 10−x.d.10 subtracted from a number isx−10.e.The quotient of 6 and a number is 6÷xor6 .xVocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 1.81.A combination of operations on letters (variables) and numbers is an expression.2.A letter that represents a number is a variable.

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 30 preview image

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ISM: Prealgebra and Introductory AlgebraChapter 1:The Whole Numbers273.3x−2yis called an expression and the lettersxandyare variables.4.Replacing a variable in an expression by a number and then finding the value of the expression is calledevaluating the expression.5.A statement of the form“expression = expression” is called an equation.6.A value for the variable that makes an equation a true statement is called a solution.7.When a letter and a variable are next to each other, the operation is an understood multiplication.8.When first replacingfwith 8, we don’t know if the statement is true or false.9.decreased byExercise Set 1.82.aba+ba−ba⋅ba÷b24624 + 6 = 3024−6 = 1824⋅6 = 14424÷6 = 44.aba+ba−ba⋅ba÷b2980298 + 0 = 298298−0 = 298298⋅0 = 0298÷0 is undefined.6.aba+ba−ba⋅ba÷b82182 + 1 = 8382−1 = 8182⋅1 = 8282÷1 = 828.7 + 3z= 7 + 3(3) = 7 + 9 = 1610.4yz+ 2x= 4(5)(3) + 2(2) = 60 + 4 = 6412.x+ 5y−z= 2 + 5(5)−3 = 2 + 25−3 = 2414.2y+ 5z= 2(5) + 5(3) = 10 + 15 = 2516.33531253122yz−=−=−=18.22313(5)(3)13 5 911351136yz+=+=⋅⋅+=+=20.3(24)3(2 54)3(104)369y+−=+⋅−=+−=+=22.444()2(53)2216214xyz−−=−−=−=−=

Solution Manual for Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra, 5th Edition - Page 31 preview image

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Chapter 1:The Whole NumbersISM: Prealgebra and Introductory Algebra2824.88 5 31208151515yz⋅⋅===26.6363(2)66124333xz+++====28.262 36661243333z+⋅++====30.70157015701575222 53103yz−=−=−=−=⋅32.223253 22 253 42 25124511xx+−=⋅+⋅−=⋅+⋅−=+−=34.2222(43 )(4 53 3)(209)29841yz+=⋅+⋅=+==36.4444(5)(2 35)(65)11xz−=⋅−=−==38.3 ()3 2(53)3 2(8)6(8)48x yz+=⋅+=⋅==40.(2)2 3(2 523)2 3(1023)2 3(9)6(9)54xzyxz+−=⋅⋅+−=⋅+−=⋅==42.626 32 544181042847zy+⋅+⋅=+===44.F505968775(32)9F−5(5032)5(18)1099−==5(5932)5(27)1599−==5(6832)5(36)2099−==5(7732)5(45)2599−==

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