Skip to content
Past Exams

2023 NR545 Pathophysiology Practice Exam With Answers (62 Solved Questions)

2023 NR545 Pathophysiology Practice Exam With Answers provides structured past exams to support your study routine.

Preview 7 of 20 pages

See the first 7 pages exactly as they appear in the document.

  1. Page 1
    Read page 1 as text

    1. This area is the most common site for epistaxis to occur – Kiesselbach’s plexus 2. This class of medication binds to specific receptors on beta cells in the pancreas to stimulate the release of insulin – Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides 3. This acute situation in a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism is usually precipitated by infection or surgery. It is life threatening because of the resulting hyperthermia, tachycardia, and heart failure and delirium. Thyrotoxicosis 4. These are chemical messengers that may be classified by action, source, or chemical structure. Hormones 5. These two body systems work together to regulate metabolic activities. Endocrine and Neuro 6. A harmless microbe that is normally resident in the intestine. E-coli 7. This is the mechanism of action of tamsulosin when treating benign prostatic hypertrophy. Alpha 1 blocker – bladder relaxation 8. This condition is concerning in a client who has had pyelonephritis and subsequent scarring – chronic renal failure 9. This is indicative of the leakage of albumin into the filtrate due to inflammation and increased capillary permeability APSGN – acute post-streptococcal GN 10. This lab results indicates a failure to excrete nitrogen wastes due to decreased GFR – BUN and Serum Creatinine 11. Most common cause of hyperaldosteronism? Noncancerous (benign) tumor of the adrenal gland Pheochromocytoma

  2. Page 2
  3. Page 3
    Read page 3 as text

    12. This class of medication reduces the amount of stomach acid produced in the lining of the stomach - PPIs 13. This is a key difference between ST elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction – ST elevation, complete/prolonged occlusion of coronary arteries 14. In a person with ankylosing spondylitis, the most pain is typically experienced in this position -supine 15. This test is used to identify a definitive cause of bursitis? Physical exam 16. This joint is a common site for the swan neck deformities in a client with rheumatoid arthritis – proximal interphalangeal joint 17. This medication selectively blocks the effects of abnormal glutamate release – NMDA Memantine 18. This disorder/disease results from a benign pituitary adenoma secreting excess adrenocorticotropic (ACTH). The high levels of ACTH in turn causes increased production of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. – Cushing Syndrome 19. This salivary gland is in the cheeks in front of the ear and secretes saliva through the Stensen's ducts - Parotid 20. This involves the transfer of gases between air-filled spaces in the lungs and blood – Diffusion / Gas Exchange 21. Statins reduce inflammation, modify composition, and promote stabilization of ___ within the vessel wall – plaque stabilization 22. This medication class is contraindicated in heart failure due to risk of fluid retention - CCB 23. This bacteria category is most commonly associated with Urinary tract infections -

  4. Page 4
    Read page 4 as text

    E-coli (gram negative) produces nitrites in urine Urine WBC 95% sensitivity Urine Leukocyte esterase 60-90% sensitivity 24. This physical exam maneuver is completed by instructing the client to lift the right leg against gentle pressure applied by the examiner to help indicate acute appendicitis - Psoas 25. This test is inexpensive and most reliable test for Helicobacter pylori – Breath test or Stool H. Pylori 26. This organ structure produces and secretes bile to emulsify fats - liver 27. This is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism – tumor adrenal gland or pheo 28. This condition causes an opacity on the lens and decreased visual acuity - cataract 29. In male clients, this bacteria is the most causative agent - E-coli UTI? 30. The MOA of beta blockers in clients with heart failure – reduce myocardial workload 31. Use of carvedilol for heart failure has been associated with this compared to atenolol - Beta 2 blockade? – bronchoconstriction Carvedilol is a mixed nonselective beta blocker affecting beta 1, beta 2 and alpha 1 receptors. Beta 1 – when stimulated increases heart rate, AV conduction and contractility Beta 2 – when stimulated produces vasodilatory effects on vascular smooth muscle cells in the lungs and uterus Carvedilol – helps remodel the heart’s structure in a good way Contraindicated: Asthma, bronchospastic conditions Precautions: Masks signs of hypoglycemia

  5. Page 5
    Read page 5 as text

    GFR Proteinuria Creatinine/BUN Pyelonephritis UTI - E coli common causative organism - Renal Colic Glomerulonephritis acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), Anatomy, Physiology, Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment of the following GI: Gastric ulcer Ulcerative colitis Appendicitis Abdominal assessments: McBurney’s sign Psoas sign Helicobacter pylori Anatomy, Physiology, Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment of the following Endocrine: Type I Diabetes -autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells > severe insulin deficiency -caused by T lymphocytes. Islet cell antibodies are markers of beta call destruction Objective: loss of SQ fat, muscle wasting, blurred vision, postural hypotension Type II Diabetes -insulin resistance “hallmark for DM II and inadequate insulin - Obesity is main factor for DM II -stronger genetic component than type I DM Objective: obesity, local fat deposits, high waist circumference 40/35, - Acanthosis nigricans is dark discoloration of body folds and creases, HTN

  6. Page 6
    Read page 6 as text

    Labs: urine glucose, urine ketones fasting BG > 126 mg/dl HbA1c >6.4% Oral glucose tolerance test Insulin: Insulin Onset Peak Duration Rapid Acting: 1513 Novolog Humalog Apidra 15-30 minutes 30 minutes- 2.5 hours 3-6.5 hours Short Acting: 3026 Regular insulin Humulin R Novolin R 30-60 minutes 2-3 hours 4-6 hours Intermediate: 2616 NPH Humulin N Novolin N 1-2 hours 6-14 hours 16-24 hours Long Acting: 124 Glargine 1 hour >24 hours Long Acting: Levemir 1-2 hours 6-8 hours 12 hours 0.2 u/kg 20 hours 0.4 u/kg Albumin bound

  7. Page 7
    Read page 7 as text

    Biguanides: Metformin -reduce liver glucose production -intestinal absorption, -improves insulin sensitivity 1-2.5 grams OD with meals Duration: 4 hours Sulfonylureas: “ide” Glipizide -stimulate insulin release from beta cells -reduce liver glucose production -improves insulin sensitivity 2.5 mg – 40 mg before meals 6-12 hours Meglitinide Analogs: Repaglinide Pregnancy risk: spontaneous abortion, fetal anomalies, demise, macrosomnia Neonatal hypoglycemia, distress and hyper BILI Complications of DM: Cataracts, retinopathy, glaucoma, nephropathy, DM neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy Autonomic Neuropathy: N/V, delayed gastric emptying, reflux, erectile dysfxn, bladder dysfxn, Cardiovascular: HTN, PVD Diabetes insipidus Hyperaldosteronism

13 more pages in the full document

Unlock it once and it stays in your library, ready to chat with or turn into flashcards.

Unlock the full document

More Medicine study materials

See all

Study this document with CramX

Once it is in your library, every tool can work from it.