Test Bank for The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th Edition (Chapters 1-27)

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Complete Test BankThe Human Body in Health and Illness 7th Editionby Barbara Herlihy

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Chapter 01: Introduction to the Human BodyHerlihy: The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th EditionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.What is the branch of science that studies how the body functions?a.Anatomyb.Histologyc.Pathologyd.PhysiologyANS: D2.Which word comes from the Greek word meaning“todissect”?a.Anatomyb.Histologyc.Pathologyd.PhysiologyANS: A3.Which of the following is a higher order of organization?a.Moleculeb.Cellc.Organd.TissueANS: C4.The head is locatedto the chest.a.anteriorb.inferiorc.deepd.superiorANS: D5.The foot is locatedto the leg.a.proximalb.superiorc.superficiald.distalANS: D6.The leg isto the thigh.a.distalb.proximalc.superiord.deepANS: A

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7.The thigh isto the foot.a.distalb.proximalc.inferiord.deepANS: B8.The thoracic cavity isto the abdominopelvic cavity.a.deepb.distalc.anteriord.superiorANS: D9.The kneecap is located distal to thea.leg.b.thigh.c.foot.d.toes.ANS: B10.Which organ is located in both the ventral and thoracic cavities?a.Stomachb.Liverc.Lungd.Spinal cordANS: C11.Which organ is located in the ventral cavity but not in the thoracic cavity?a.Lungb.Heartc.Liverd.BrainANS: C12.Which organ is located in the dorsal cavity?a.Liverb.Brainc.Heartd.Urinary bladderANS: B13.Which of the following is descriptive of the location of the reproductive organs?a.Dorsal cavity and vertebral cavityb.Mediastinum and the thoracic cavityc.Ventral cavity and pelvic cavity

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d.Pleural cavity and mediastinumANS: C14.Which cavity is divided into quadrants?a.Thoracicb.Abdominopelvicc.Dorsald.CranialANS: B15.Which region is included within the right upper quadrant (RUQ)?a.Umbilicalb.Hypogastricc.Right iliacd.Right hypochondriacANS: D16.Which region is included within the left lower quadrant (LLQ)?a.Umbilicalb.Left hypochondriacc.Epigastricd.Left iliacANS: D17.Which of the following refers to the umbilicus?a.Groinb.Armpitc.Naveld.PatellarANS: C18.Which of the following refers to the lower back region?a.Groinb.Axillaryc.Umbilicald.LumbarANS: D19.Which of the following refers to the groin region?a.Axillaryb.Lumbarc.Craniald.InguinalANS: D20.Which of the following refers to the area in front of the elbow?

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a.Axillaryb.Brachialc.Antecubitald.PoplitealANS: C21.Which area appears only on the anterior part of the body?a.Poplitealb.Umbilicalc.Lumbard.OccipitalANS: B22.Which area appears only on the posterior part of the body?a.Glutealb.Patellarc.Umbilicald.SternalANS: A23.Which area is inferior to the diaphragm?a.Axillaryb.Inguinalc.Occipitald.CervicalANS: B24.What is another name for the frontal plane?a.Sagittal planeb.Cross sectionc.Transverse planed.Coronal planeANS: D25.Which plane divides the body into right and left halves?a.Sagittalb.Coronalc.Transversed.FrontalANS: A26.In which cavity is the mediastinum located?a.Pelvicb.Dorsalc.Thoracicd.Abdominal

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ANS: C27.Which organ is located within the mediastinum?a.Lungsb.Stomachc.Liverd.HeartANS: D28.In which cavity is the heart not located?a.Mediastinumb.Thoracic cavityc.Ventral cavityd.Dorsal cavityANS: D29.Which organ is located in the ventral cavity and thoracic cavity but not in the mediastinum?a.Lungb.Liverc.Stomachd.HeartANS: A30.Which group is incorrect?a.Planes: transverse, sagittal, frontalb.Cavities: dorsal, ventralc.Ventral cavities: thoracic, vertebrald.Organs: heart, stomach, lungs, brainANS: C31.Which group is incorrect?a.Cavities: dorsal, ventralb.Ventral cavities: thoracic, abdominopelvicc.Organ systems: circulatory, digestive, respiratory, braind.Organs: heart, stomach, lungs, liverANS: C32.Which group is incorrect?a.Planes: sagittal, frontal, transverseb.Ventral cavities: thoracic, abdominopelvic, cranialc.Dorsal cavities: cranial, vertebrald.Organ systems: circulatory, digestive, respiratoryANS: B33.The distal humerus (arm bone) isa.closer to the axillary area than to the elbow.b.closer to the wrist than to the antecubital area.

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c.distal to the wrist.d.closer to the elbow than to the axillary area.ANS: D34.The proximal end of the thigh bone (femur) isa.distal to the knee.b.closer to the knee than to the inguinal area.c.distal to the pedal area.d.closer to the inguinal area than to the umbilical area.ANS: D35.The lung is located in the thoracic cavity. What is the relationship of the lung to the head?a.Inferiorb.Deepc.Anteriord.SuperiorANS: A36.Which of the following is superior to the umbilicus?a.Groinb.Popliteal areac.Sternal aread.Pelvic cavityANS: C37.The heart is located in all the following except thea.mediastinum.b.ventral cavity.c.cranial cavity.d.thoracic cavity.ANS: C38.The lungs are located in all the following except thea.thoracic cavity.b.mediastinum.c.ventral cavity.d.pleural cavity.ANS: B39.Which of the following is true of the dorsal cavity?a.It contains the mediastinum.b.It contains the brain and spinal cord.c.It contains the thoracic cavity.d.It is smaller than the cranial cavity.ANS: B

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40.The sternal area isa.superior to the cervical region.b.the breastbone area.c.deep to the mediastinum.d.inferior to the thoracic cavity.ANS: B41.Which of the following is descriptive of the mediastinum?a.Thoracic cavityb.Dorsal cavityc.Abdominopelvic cavityd.RUQANS: A42.The sagittal planea.is also called thecoronal plane.b.splits the body into a top and bottom.c.splits the body into front and back.d.splits the body into right and left.ANS: D43.Which of the following is least descriptive of the occipital area?a.Cranialb.Midepigastricc.Posterior headd.Superior to the cervical areaANS: B44.A patient has been in a car wreck and is admitted to the emergency department with a chiefcomplaint of severe cervical pain accompanied by loss of sensation in all extremities. Whichof the following indicates the site of pain?a.Lower backb.Both kneesc.Neckd.RUQANS: C45.The LUQ isa.inferior to the sternal area.b.inferior to the epigastric region.c.inferior to the umbilical region.d.located in the groin.ANS: A46.Which of the following describes pain that is located immediately below the shoulder blade?a.Cervicalb.Lumbar

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c.Flank paind.SubscapularANS: D47.Which of the following is superior to the lumbar region?a.Scapularb.Inguinalc.Popliteald.GlutealANS: A48.A 26-year-old man is scheduled for the surgical repair of a right inguinal hernia. Which of thefollowing areas is involved surgically?a.RUQb.Umbilical regionc.Right iliac regiond.Right hypochondriac regionANS: C49.Refer to the previous question. On the first postoperative day, the patient is most likely toexperience pain when hea.brushes his teeth.b.eats breakfast.c.walks.d.speaks on the phone.ANS: C50.A physician has diagnosed a patient as having an enlarged liver. According to thepatient’schart, his liver is measured as being two fingers below the costal margin of the rib cage.Where was the physician palpating (feeling) to get this measurement?a.Umbilical regionb.LUQc.Hypogastric regiond.RUQANS: D51.A patient was admitted to the emergency department and the physician recorded thepatient’spain as being substernal, radiating to the left axillary region. Which of the following is arestatement of this description?a.The pain is sharp and is associated with nausea and vomiting.b.The pain is indicative of an inguinal hernia.c.The pain begins in the chest and radiates to the left flank and medial thigh.d.The pain originates behind the breastbone and radiates to the left armpit area.ANS: D52.A patient with a history of gallbladder disease complains of midepigastric pain that radiates tothe right subscapular region. Which of the following best describes the pain?

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a.High abdominal pain that radiates to the groinb.Crushing chest painc.Aching pain behind the breastbone, radiating to the left shoulderd.High abdominal pain, radiating to below the right shoulder blade areaANS: D53.Which plane preserves an upper and lower half of the body?a.Transverse planeb.Coronal planec.Frontal planed.MidsagittalANS: A54.Which of the following is contained in the ventral cavity?a.Thoracic cavityb.Pleural cavitiesc.Abdominopelvic cavityd.All of the aboveANS: D55.Which of the following is true?a.The wrist is proximal to the elbow.b.The distal humerus (arm bone) is closer to the axilla than to the elbow.c.The proximal thigh bone is closer to the hip than to the knee.d.The distal tibia (shin bone) is closed to the knee than to the ankleANS: C56.Which of the following is true?a.The distal thigh bone (femur) is closer to the hip than to the knee.b.The distal humerus (arm bone) is closer to the axilla than to the elbow.c.The distal shin bone (tibia) is closer to the ankle than to the knee.d.The lateral thigh is closer to the midline of the body than is the medial thigh.ANS: C57.The medial thigh is locateda.along the plantar surface of the foot.b.along the inner surface of the upper extremity.c.on the inner thigh region.d.distal to the popliteal region.ANS: C58.Which term refers to“beneaththeribs”?a.Iliacb.Inguinalc.Hypochondriacd.RLQ

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ANS: C59.The termviscerarefers toa.the organs of the body.b.the cavities contained within the ventral cavity.c.the cavities contained within the thoracic cavity.d.the divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity.ANS: A60.The ventral cavity is the anterior cavity; theis the posterior cavity.a.thoracic cavityb.dorsal cavityc.pleural cavityd.mediastinumANS: B61.The caudal part of the spinal cord isa.superior to the thoracic part of the spinal cord.b.located near the tailbone.c.interior to the cervical spinal cord.d.located near the brain.ANS: B62.Which of the following includes the right iliac region?a.RUQb.Epigastric regionc.Umbilical regiond.RLQANS: D63.The medial canthus (corner) of the eye isa.located near the nose.b.located near the ear.c.superior to the eyebrow.d.inferior to the eyelid.ANS: A64.The plantar region isa.located in the upper extremities.b.the bottom of the foot.c.proximal to the knee.d.the groin.ANS: B65.Which two words aredirectional “opposites”?a.Proximal, femoralb.Caudal, cephalic

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c.Distal, peripherald.Anterior, superficialANS: B66.Pedal,patellar,popliteal, andplantarare terms that refer toa.lower extremities areas.b.arm.c.toes.d.structures that are proximal to the kneecap.ANS: A67.Which of the following terms refers to the area along the lateral trunk between the ribs and thehip bones?a.Inguinalb.Visceralc.Flankd.GlutealANS: C68.Buccal,oral, andorbitalare terms that refer to the structures in thea.neck.b.head.c.flank.d.inguinal area.ANS: B69.With which word is lower back pain associated?a.Flankb.Inguinalc.Lumbard.PoplitealANS: C

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Chapter 02: Basic ChemistryHerlihy: The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th EditionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which of the following are located in the orbits surrounding the nucleus?a.Isotopesb.Protonsc.Electronsd.NeutronsANS: C2.Which of the following is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration [H+]?a.Atomic numberb.Atomic massc.Isotoped.pHANS: D3.The sharing of electrons is referred to asa.covalent bonding.b.ionic bonding.c.radioactive decay.d.isotope formation.ANS: A4.Which element must be present for a substance to be classified as organic?a.Iodineb.Ironc.Carbond.CalciumANS: C5.A cation is a(n)a.positively charged ion.b.electrolyte.c.isotope.d.ion that has an atomic mass of 2.ANS: A6.Which of the following is an anion?a.Sodium ionb.Potassium ionc.Chloride iond.Calcium ionANS: C

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7.What kind of ion would have 8 protons in its nucleus and 9 electrons in its orbits?a.Cationb.Electrolytec.Acidd.AnionANS: D8.Which of the following is true of an anion?a.An anion always ionizes to form electrolytes.b.An anion always has an atomic mass of 15.c.An anion carries a negative charge.d.A hydrogen ion is an anion.ANS: C9.NaCl, table salt, is called a(n)a.anion.b.electrolyte.c.cation.d.ion.ANS: B10.Which process refers to the dissociation of NaCl into Na+and Cl–?a.Radioactivityb.Ionizationc.Covalent bondingd.Hydrogen bondingANS: B11.Which of the following is descriptive of the chemical reaction in the previous question?a.Cation + anionelectrolyteb.Electrolytecation + anionc.Electrolyte + anioncationd.Neutralization of an acid by a baseANS: B12.Which of the following is an anion?a.NaClb.KClc.H2SO4d.HCO3–ANS: D13.Which of the following represents bicarbonate, an anion that is important in acid–baseregulation?a.HCl

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b.Ca(OH)2c.HCO3–d.KClANS: C14.Which compound is the universal solvent?a.Carbon dioxideb.Oxygenc.ATPd.WaterANS: D15.[H+] refers toa.an isotope of hydrogen.b.heavy hydrogen.c.hydrogen bonding.d.hydrogen ion concentration.ANS: D16.Which compound is a waste product of cellular metabolism?a.Oxygenb.Carbon dioxidec.Catalystd.ATPANS: B17.Which of the following increases the speed of a chemical reaction but is itself not used up inthe chemical reaction?a.An isotopeb.A cationc.A catalystd.ATPANS: C18.What is the energy-transferring molecule?a.H+b.ATPc.Ca2+d.NaClANS: B19.Which of the following acts as a catalyst?a.An acidb.An enzymec.A bufferd.ATP

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ANS: B20.Fe2+is formed when irona.gains 2 protons.b.gains 2 electrons.c.loses 2 protons.d.loses 2 electrons.ANS: D21.Which of the following is true of Na+?a.It is an anion.b.It is an electrolyte.c.It bonds ionically with Ca2+.d.It is a cation.ANS: D22.Which of the following carries no net electrical charge?a.An anionb.A cationc.A polar moleculed.An ionANS: C23.Which of the following illustrates antacid activity?a.NaClNa++ Cl–b.HClH++ Cl–c.Mg(OH)2+ HClMgCl2+ H2Od.KClK++ Cl–ANS: C24.Zinc, selenium, cobalt, and iodine are alla.trace elements.b.compounds.c.radioactive.d.isotopes of hydrogen.ANS: A25.Iron can be a(n)a.anion.b.electrolyte.c.acid.d.cation.ANS: D26.Which of the following is described by this statement? One atom of oxygen bonds covalentlywith two atoms of hydrogen.

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a.Carbon dioxideb.A tincturec.Waterd.Neutralization of an acid with a baseANS: C27.A solution that has a pH of 6.8a.has a neutral pH.b.is alkaline.c.is basic.d.is acidic.ANS: D28.What happens when HCl is added to a solution with a pH of 7.45?a.The pH will be higher than 7.45.b.The solution will become more alkaline.c.The [H+] of the solution will increase.d.The pH will be higher than 8.0.ANS: C29.Which pH is considered neutral?a.7.35b.7.45c.7.00d.14.0ANS: C30.Blood has a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45 and thereforea.is acidic.b.is three to four times more viscous (thicker) than water.c.has a pH that is similar to urine and stomach contents.d.is alkaline.ANS: D31.In which of the following is the number of hydrogen ions greater?a.An alkaline solutionb.A basic solutionc.Bloodd.A solution with a pH of 6.2ANS: D32.An atom has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons; it has an atomica.number of 6.b.mass of 2.c.mass of 4.d.number of 4.

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ANS: C33.An atom has 1 proton, 0 neutrons, and 1 electron; its isotope hasa.2 electrons and 0 neutrons.b.2 protons and 2 neutrons.c.1 proton and 1 neutron.d.2 protons and 0 neutrons.ANS: C34.An atom has 1 proton, 0 neutrons, and 1 electron. What will convert this atom to a cation?a.Add 1 neutron.b.Add 1 proton.c.Lose 1 electron.d.Add 1 proton, 2 neutrons, and 1 electron.ANS: C35.The heart pushes blood into the blood vessels as chemical energy is converted to which formof energy?a.Thermalb.Radiantc.Mechanicald.NuclearANS: C36.Which of the following best describes a solution in which water is the solvent?a.Colloidal suspensionb.Aqueous solutionc.Tinctured.IsotopeANS: B37.Which of the following best describes a solution in which alcohol is the solvent?a.Tinctureb.Alkalinec.Acidd.AqueousANS: A38.A combination of sugar granules and iron filings is best described as a(n)a.mixture.b.colloidal suspension.c.tincture.d.isotope.ANS: A39.Which of the following can neutralize H+?a.Ca2+

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3b.Na+c.OH–d.H2OANS: C40.Which of the following is incorrect?a.Mixtures: suspension, colloidal suspension, solutionb.Ions: Na+, Cl–, Ca2+, K+c.Electrolytes: NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, HCO–d.Cations: Na+, Ca2+, K+, H+ANS: C41.The ionization of salt (NaCl)a.produces an acid and a base.b.produces an electrolyte.c.lowers pH.d.produces a cation and an anion.ANS: D42.Which of the following is true of iodine and radioactive iodine?a.Both have the same atomic numbers.b.Both have the same atomic masses.c.Neither has electrons in its orbit.d.Both create radiation hazards.ANS: A43.Which of the following is true of Na+?a.Called thesodium ionb.Has fewer protons than electronsc.Called ananiond.Lowers pHANS: A44.Which of the following is true of Cl–?a.Is an electrolyteb.Is an anionc.Increases pHd.Decreases pHANS: B45.Which of the following is most descriptive of HCl?a.Is calledbicarbonateb.Is an acidc.Raises pHd.Dissociates into Na+and Cl–ANS: B

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46.Water is a(n)a.molecule.b.aqueous solvent.c.compound.d.All of the above.ANS: D47.An atom that has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electronsa.has an atomic mass of 7.b.is a cation.c.has an atomic number of 4.d.has an atomic number of 10.ANS: A48.An atom has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons; another atom has 3 protons, 3 neutrons,and 3 electrons. Which of the following is most descriptive of this pair of atoms?a.Mixtureb.Cationc.Electrolyted.IsotopeANS: D49.An atom has 4 protons, 4 neutrons, and 4 electrons. Ita.has an atomic number of 8.b.is a cation.c.has an atomic mass of 12.d.has an atomic mass of 8.ANS: D50.ATPa.is a buffer, removing H+from solution.b.is an energy transfer molecule.c.is a radioactive isotope of phosphate.d.ionizes to H+, thereby lowering pH.ANS: B51.Which of the following is most descriptive of the nucleus of the atom?a.Contents determine the atomic numberb.Contents determine the atomic massc.“Home”of the protonsd.All of the aboveANS: D52.Which of the following is most descriptive of ionic and covalent?a.Types of bonding in which the electrons are sharedb.Types of bonding in which the electrons are swapped

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c.Types of bondingd.Types of bonding found only in reactions in which H+is producedANS: C53.An electrolytea.dissociates into ions.b.yields only cations.c.always yields H+and lowers pH.d.always removes H+and increases pH.ANS: A54.A catalysta.is an H+-yielding molecule.b.is an acid.c.is an alkali.d.increases the speed of a chemical reaction.ANS: D55.Which of the following is most descriptive of the function of an enzyme?a.Neutralizationb.Ionizationc.Catalystd.pHANS: C56.A patient with a blood pH of 7.28a.has an excess of H+.b.has a blood pH that is within normal limits.c.is alkalotic.d.has a blood pH that indicates a deficiency of acid.ANS: A57.A solution with a pH of 8a.is more acidic than blood.b.is more acidic than stomach contents.c.has more H+than urine.d.is more alkaline than blood.ANS: D58.The pH of urinea.is always more alkaline than blood.b.is always acidic.c.can be acidic or alkaline.d.is more acidic than stomach contents.ANS: C

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59.The addition of H+to blooda.increases blood pH.b.makes the blood more acidic.c.makes the blood more alkaline.d.changes the blood pH from 7.4 to 7.8.ANS: B60.Blood is called acolloidal suspensionbecausea.it has a pH of 7.4.b.it is alkaline.c.it consists of the suspended plasma proteins.d.it consists of the sodium and chloride ions.ANS: C61.Which of the following is correct about the following reaction: NaClNa++ Cl–?a.Neutralizationb.Ionizationc.Anabolicd.IrreversibleANS: B62.An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Thereforea.it can share electrons with another identical atom.b.it can share electrons with another oxygen atom.c.it can form O2.d.All of the above are true.ANS: D63.An atom of oxygen shares its outer shell electrons with two hydrogen atoms therebya.forming an acid.b.ionizing.c.forming a molecule of water.d.forming an anion and cation.ANS: C64.A molecule of water has a (+) charge at one and a (–) charge at the other end of the molecule.What is the best description?a.Radioactiveb.Tincturec.Polar moleculed.IonizationANS: C65.Intestinal secretions are alkaline. What can decrease its pH?a.The addition of H+in the form of HClb.Drinking baking soda (NaHCO3)

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c.Neutralization of gastric (stomach) HCld.Drinking lots of waterANS: A66.What do the following have in common: Pb, plumbism, and plumber? All terms refer toa.persons who work with pipes.b.toxic effects of a trace element.c.toxic cations.d.lead.ANS: D67.Which group is correct?a.Subatomic particleslo+cate+d within–the n+ucleus: protons, neutrons, electronsb.Common cations: Na , K , HCO, NH34c.Common molecules: O2, N2, H2Od.Bases: NaOH, Na HCO3–, HClANS: C68.Which of the following is most descriptive of a precipitate that forms during a chemicalreaction?a.Acidb.Basec.Solidd.SolutionANS: C69.In the reaction HClH++ Cl–a.HCl ionizes, thereby yielding the cation (H+) and anion (Cl–).b.hydrochloric acid dissociates into an anion and cation.c.HCl dissociates into a hydrogen ion and chloride ion.d.All of the above are true.ANS: D70.Which group is correct?a.Blood pH 7.50, alkaline, turns litmus paper pinkb.Blood pH 7.2, acidosis, turns litmus paper pinkc.Blood pH 7.35, normal blood pH, turns litmus paper blued.More than one of the above are true.ANS: C

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Chapter 03: CellsHerlihy: The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th EditionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which of the following is considered the control center of the cell?a.Mitochondrionb.Nucleusc.Lysosomed.CentrioleANS: B2.The mitochondrion is called thepower plantof the cell becausewithin themitochondrion.a.most of the ATP is producedb.all protein synthesis occursc.all DNA is locatedd.all ribosomes are locatedANS: A3.Which of the following is (are) found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?a.Ribosomesb.Ciliac.Lysosomesd.DNAANS: A4.The rough ER is the site ofa.fatty acid and steroid synthesis.b.Krebs cycle activity.c.protein synthesis.d.intracellular water storage.ANS: C5.Which of the following is most associated with the ribosome?a.ATP productionb.Intracellular housecleaningc.Glycogen storaged.Protein synthesisANS: D6.What is the transport mechanism in this description: A passive processthat “pulls”water froman area where there is more water to an area where there is less water?a.Filtrationb.Endocytosisc.An ATP-driven pump

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d.OsmosisANS: D7.What is the transport mechanism in this description: A passive process that uses a pressuredifference as its driving force?a.Facilitated diffusionb.An ATP-driven pumpc.Diffusiond.FiltrationANS: D8.A beaker is divided into two compartments by a semipermeable membrane. Compartment Acontains a 20% NaCl solution and compartment B contains a 50% NaCl solution. Themembrane is permeable to water but not to Na+or Cl–. Initially,a.water diffuses from compartment B to compartment A.b.Na+diffuses from compartment B to compartment A.c.Na+diffuses from compartment A to compartment B.d.water diffuses from compartment A to compartment B.ANS: D9.A beaker is divided into two compartments by a semipermeable membrane. Compartment Acontains a 20% NaCl solution and compartment B contains a 50% NaCl solution. Themembrane is permeable to water but not to Na+or Cl–. At equilibrium, thea.volume of water in compartment A will be greater than the volume in compartmentB.b.volume in both compartments A and B will be equal.c.concentration of compartment A will decrease.d.volume in compartment B will be greater than the volume in compartment A.ANS: D10.A beaker is divided into two compartments by a semipermeable membrane. Compartment Acontains a 20% NaCl solution while compartment B contains a 50% NaCl solution. Themembrane is permeable to both water and Na+and Cl–. Initially,a.Na+and Cl–diffuse from compartment B to compartment A.b.water diffuses from compartment B to compartment A.c.Na+and Cl–diffuse from compartment A to compartment B.d.Na+diffuses from compartment A to compartment B and Cl–diffuses fromcompartment B to compartment A.ANS: A11.A beaker is divided into two compartments by a semipermeable membrane. Compartment Acontains a 20% NaCl solution and compartment B contains a 50% NaCl solution. Themembrane is permeable to both water and Na+and Cl–. At equilibrium, thea.volume in compartment A will be greater than the volume in compartment B.b.volume in compartment B will be greater than the volume in compartment A.c.concentrations and volumes will be the same in both compartments.d.concentration of salt is greater in compartment A than in compartment B.

Test Bank for The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th Edition (Chapters 1-27) - Page 27 preview image

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ANS: C12.What are the hairlike structures located on the outer surface of the cell membrane?a.Mitochondriab.Ribosomesc.Ciliad.CentriolesANS: C13.What is the extensive internal membrane system that forms channels and is concerned withthe synthesis of protein and steroids?a.Mitochondriab.Lysosomesc.Endoplasmic reticulumd.DNAANS: C14.Lysosomes are filled witha.powerful enzymes that destroy cellular debris and pathogens.b.cilia.c.DNA.d.blood.ANS: A15.Which of the following best describes the power or driving force for active transport?a.ATPb.Pressurec.DNAd.H+ANS: A16.What is the transport mechanism in this description: A passive process that uses a carriermolecule to move a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?a.Osmosisb.An ATP-driven pumpc.Filtrationd.Facilitated diffusionANS: D17.What is the name of the process in which an intracellular protein–containing vesicle fuseswith the cell membrane and expels the protein to the outside of the cell?a.Endocytosisb.Pinocytosisc.Exocytosisd.PhagocytosisANS: C

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18.Which process describes phagocytosis and pinocytosis?a.Facilitated diffusionb.Endocytosisc.Filtrationd.ExocytosisANS: B19.Which word means“thebursting of red bloodcells”?a.Endocytosisb.Hemolysisc.Crenationd.CatalystANS: B20.If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution such as water, the cell willa.crenate.b.shrink.c.swell and burst.d.differentiate.ANS: C21.Which type of solution causes crenation or shrinkage of submerged red blood cells?a.Hypotonicb.Isotonicc.Hypertonicd.WaterANS: C22.Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are phases ofa.active transport.b.mitosis.c.differentiation.d.pinocytosis.ANS: B23.G1, G2, the S phase, and the M phase are phases ofa.the cell cycle.b.mitosis.c.protein synthesis.d.the cell cycle that is specific to cancer cells.ANS: A24.Pinocytosisa.is a passive process.b.requires a pressure gradient as its driving force.c.refers to cellular drinking.

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d.is a form of exocytosis.ANS: C25.Which of the following best describes normal saline?a.Radioactiveb.Hemolytic to red blood cellsc.Isotonicd.Crenating to red blood cellsANS: C26.Which of the following best describes the eating of a bacterium by a lysosome?a.Differentiationb.Phagocytosisc.Meiosisd.HemolysisANS: B27.In which structure is most DNA found?a.Nucleusb.Mitochondrionc.Lysosomed.Golgi apparatusANS: A28.Which structure is is described as rough or smooth?a.Ribosomeb.Mitochondrionc.Ciliad.Endoplasmic reticulumANS: D29.Which of the following is a gel-like substance located inside the cell but outside the nucleus?a.Nucleoplasmb.Isotonic salinec.Cytoplasmd.Lysosomal enzymesANS: C30.Which of the following most accurately describes diffusion?a.ATP-drivenb.Passive transportc.Requires a pressure or pushing forced.Causes solute to move uphillANS: B31.The skunk makes his presence known by

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a.filtration.b.osmosis.c.active transport.d.diffusion.ANS: D32.Oxygen moves from the lungs (high concentration) into the blood (low concentration) inresponse toa.filtration.b.osmosis.c.diffusion.d.endocytosis.ANS: C33.Which process describes the pushing of water across the capillary (blood vessel) membrane?a.Facilitated diffusionb.Osmosisc.Filtrationd.PinocytosisANS: C34.Which structure puts the finishing touches on and packages the protein for export from thecell?a.Mitochondrionb.Golgi apparatusc.Lysosomed.NucleolusANS: B35.Which of the following structures make the rough endoplasmic reticulum look likesandpaper?a.Ribosomesb.Globs of cytoplasmc.ATPd.Fragments of DNAANS: A36.Which structure is described as a semipermeable lipid bilayer?a.Lysosomeb.Mitochondrionc.Ribosomed.Cell membraneANS: D37.The selectively permeable membranea.is a result of its composition; it is tough connective tissue, much like a ligament.b.determines which substances enter and leave the cell.

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c.allows for the unrestricted movement of water and electrolytes across the cellmembrane.d.permits diffusion but not osmosis.ANS: B38.Which of the following is least true of mitochondria?a.Found only within liver cellsb.Make most of thebody’sATPc.Contain enzymes that function aerobicallyd.Located within the cytoplasmANS: A39.Which of the following is a correct statement?a.Most ATP is produced in the mitochondria.b.Mitochondria contain potent enzymes that digest cellular waste and debris.c.Most DNA is located within the mitochondria.d.The RER is concerned with phagocytosis.ANS: A40.A beaker contains two compartments. Compartment A (CA) contains a 10% salt solution andCompartment B (CB) contains a 20% salt solution. The membrane is permeable to the salt andwater. At equilibrium,a.the volume in CA is greater than the volume in CB.b.the volume in CA is less than the volume in CB.c.the volume is the same in both compartments.d.all water accumulates in CB.ANS: C41.A beaker contains two compartments. Compartment A (CA) contains a 10% salt solution andCompartment B (CB) contains a 20% salt solution. The membrane is permeable only to water.At equilibrium, the volume ina.CA is greater than the volume in CB.b.CA is less than the volume in CB.c.CB is less than the volume in CA.d.CA is the same as the volume in CB.ANS: B42.Most K+is located in the cells, with little K+in the tissue spaces. What accounts for themovement of additional K+into the cells?a.K+in the tissue fluid diffuses into the cell.b.K+enters the cell in response to facilitated diffusion.c.K+is actively pumped into the cell.d.K+enters the cell because of pinocytosis.ANS: C43.A child has experienced a blow to the head causing a slow bleed. Although the bleeding hasstopped, the blood clot continues to expand because

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