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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank

Improve your exam results with Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank, which includes a variety of MCQs and detailed answers to guide you.

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    Eisenberg: Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 5 th Edition Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is this type of process. a. Idiopathic b. Iatrogenic c. Neoplasia d. Community acquired ANS: B The disease process caused by physicians and their treatment is iatrogenic. REF: p. 3 2. Basic reactions of the body to some form of injury is a: a. Disease process b. Pathology c. Study of diseases d. Idiopathic process ANS: A A disease is the pattern of the body’s response to some form of injury. REF: p. 1

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    3. What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown? a. Idiopathic b. Antietiologic c. Iatrogenic d. Nosocomial ANS: A Idiopathic diseases are those with an unknown, or as of yet unidentified, cause. REF: p. 3 4. Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells is called: a. Hyperplasia b. Dysplasia c. Neoplasia d. Aplasia ANS: C Alterations in cell growth lead to the development of neoplasms (tumors). REF: p. 7 5. The initial response of body tissues to local injury is: a. Infection b. Ischemia c. Edema d. Inflammation ANS: D Inflammation is the initial response of body tissues to local injury.

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    REF: p. 3 6. Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by: a. Hyperemia b. Scar tissue c. Hyperplasia d. Infarction ANS: A This hyperemia produces the heat and redness associated with inflammation. REF: p. 3 7. In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with: a. Granulomatous inflammation b. Granulation tissue c. Phagocytes d. Pyogens ANS: B A fibrous scar replaces the area of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue. Granulation tissue refers to a combination of young, developing capillaries and actively proliferating fibroblasts, which produce connective tissue fibers (collagen) that replace the dead tissue. REF: p. 4 8. Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is: a. Edema b. Tumor c. Calor

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    d. Dolor ANS: B The five clinical signs of acute inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function. REF: p. 4 9. Some bacterial organisms that produce these substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process are known as: a. Toxoids b. Pyogens c. Toxins d. Abscesses ANS: C Some bacterial organisms (such as staphylococci and streptococci) produce toxins that damage the tissues and incite an inflammatory response. REF: p. 4 10. Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has a centralized necrosis is called: a. An exudates b. A granuloma c. An abscess d. Hyperplasia ANS: B A granuloma is a localized area of chronic inflammation, often with central necrosis. REF: p. 4

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    11. In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the: a. Migration of circulating white blood cells b. Increased blood flow and vascular permeability c. Regeneration of normal parenchymal cells d. Enzymatic digestion of dead cells ANS: B The localized heat and redness result from increased blood flow in the microcirculation at the site of injury. REF: p. 4 12. In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called: a. Bacteria b. Pus c. Edema d. A scar ANS: B The presence of pyogenic bacteria leads to the production of a thick, yellow fluid called pus, which contains dead white blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and bacteria. REF: p. 4 13. All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing: a. Bacteremia b. Phagocytosis c. Septicemia d. Keloid tissue

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    ANS: A All pyogens, wherever they become implanted, have the ability to invade blood vessels to produce bacteremia, with the potential involvement of other organs and tissues in the body. REF: p. 4 14. Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue, then contracting in the abdomen are known as: a. Keloids b. Suppurative inflammation c. Fibrous adhesions d. Hyperemia ANS: C Eventually the strong connective tissue contracts to produce a fibrous scar. In the abdomen, such fibrous adhesions can narrow loops of intestine and result in an obstruction. REF: p. 4 15. An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called: a. Bacteremia b. Elephantiasis c. Filariasis d. Anasarca ANS: D Generalized edema occurs with pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body (anasarca). REF: p. 4 16. Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation.

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    a. Filariasis b. Edema c. Elephantiasis d. Fibrous adhesions ANS: B Edema is the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities. Localized edema results from an inflammatory reaction. REF: p. 4 17. An inflammation associated with pus formation is: a. Bacteremia b. Phagocytosis c. Suppurative d. Hyperemia ANS: C Suppurative inflammation is associated with pus formation. REF: p. 4 18. The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is: a. Exudate b. Transudate c. Pus d. Permeable ANS: A

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    This inflammatory exudate in the tissues results in the swelling associated with inflammation. The protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-protein fluid, such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure. REF: p. 3 19. The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called: a. An abscess b. Exudate c. Transudate d. Filariasis ANS: C The protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-protein fluid, such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure. REF: p. 3 20. A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n): a. Gangrene b. Infarct c. Purpura d. Ecchymosis ANS: B An infarct is a localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of either its arterial supply or its venous drainage. REF: p. 5 21. Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as:

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    a. Ischemia b. Petechiae c. Filariasis d. Gangrene ANS: A Ischemia refers to an interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ, depriving the organ’s cells and tissues of oxygen and nutrients. REF: p. 5 22. The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis especially in the diabetic’s foot is called: a. Infarction b. Gangrene c. Ischemia d. Hemorrhage ANS: B Severe arterial disease of the lower extremities may result in necrosis of several toes or a large segment of the foot, a condition called gangrene. A frequent symptom in diabetic patients is ischemia of the foot, which may progress to infarction and result in gangrene. REF: p. 5 23. A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n): a. Purpura b. Ecchymosis c. Petechia d. Infarct

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    A large (greater than 1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous hematoma, or bruise, is called an ecchymosis. REF: p. 6 24. An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an): a. Hematoma b. Ecchymosis c. Petechiae d. Pleural effusion ANS: A Blood may be trapped within body tissues resulting in an accumulation called a hematoma. REF: p. 5 25. Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as: a. Petechiae b. Hemorrhage c. Purpura d. Ecchymosis ANS: A Minimal hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces are called petechiae. REF: p. 5 26. Volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of the blood loss will determine the: a. Patient status b. Clinical significance c. Treatment required

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    d. All of the above ANS: D The significance of hemorrhage depends on the volume of blood loss, the rate of loss, and the site of the hemorrhage. Sudden losses of up to 20% of the blood volume or slow losses of even larger amounts may have little clinical significance. REF: p. 6 27. When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in: a. Aplasia b. Atrophy c. Hypoplasia d. Dysplasia ANS: B Atrophy refers to a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue. REF: p. 6 28. When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered: a. Hypoplastic b. Dysplastic c. Hyperplastic d. Anaplastic ANS: A Failure of normal development accounts for small size in hypoplasia and aplasia. REF: p. 6

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    29. When increased function of an organ is required, the term _____ is used. a. Neoplastic b. Hypotrophy c. Hyperplasia d. Hypertrophy ANS: D Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function. REF: p. 6 30. The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of: a. Hypertrophy b. Anaplasia c. Hyperplasia d. Dysplasia ANS: C Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. Proliferation of granulation tissue in the repair of injury is an example. REF: pp. 6-7 31. The Latin word for “new growth” is: a. Tumor b. Seeding c. Neoplasia d. Ecchymosis ANS: C

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    Neoplasia, from the Latin word for new growth, refers to an abnormal proliferation of cells that are no longer controlled by the factors that govern the growth of normal cells. REF: p. 7 32. New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered: a. Neoplastic b. Benign c. Cachexia d. Malignant ANS: D Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (metastasize). REF: p. 7 33. A polyp is a: a. Projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane b. Malignant epithelial neoplasm c. Benign cartilaginous tumor d. Cancer ANS: A An epithelial tumor that grows as a projecting mass on the skin or from an inner mucous membrane (such as the gastrointestinal tract) is termed a papilloma or a polyp. REF: p. 7 34. A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n):

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    a. Adenoma b. Adenocarcinoma c. Cystadenoma d. Dysplasia ANS: B Adenocarcinoma refers to malignancies of glandular tissues, such as the breast, liver, and pancreas, and of the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. REF: p. 7 35. The term derived from the Latin term for “crab” is: a. Benign b. Oncology c. Neoplasia d. Cancer ANS: D Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin are called carcinomas, from the Greek word karbinos, meaning “crab.” REF: p. 7 36. The study of neoplasms or tumors is called: a. Pathology b. Radiology c. Oncology d. Etiology ANS: C

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    Neoplasms are commonly referred to as tumors; indeed, the study of neoplasms is called oncology, derived from the Greek word oncos, meaning “tumor.” REF: p. 7 37. Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called:: a. Malignant b. Benign c. Cancerous d. Dysplastic ANS: B Benign tumors closely resemble their cells of origin in structure and function. REF: p. 7 38. When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is referred to as: a. Cachexia b. Petechiae c. Anorexia d. Anaplastic ANS: A Neoplastic cells act as parasites, competing with normal cells and tissues for their metabolic needs. Thus tumor cells may flourish, and the patient becomes weak and emaciated, a condition termed cachexia. REF: p. 7 39. Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are:

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