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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Document preview page 1

Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 1

Document preview content for Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank

Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank

Improve your exam results with Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank, which includes a variety of MCQs and detailed answers to guide you.

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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview imageEisenberg: Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 5thEditionChapter 1: Introduction to PathologyTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is this type of process.a.Idiopathicb.Iatrogenicc.Neoplasiad.Community acquiredANS:BThe disease process caused by physicians and their treatment is iatrogenic.REF:p. 32.Basic reactions of the body to some form of injury is a:a.Disease processb.Pathologyc.Study of diseasesd.Idiopathic processANS:AA disease is the pattern of the body’s response to some form of injury.REF:p. 1
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 2 preview image
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 3 preview image3.What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown?a.Idiopathicb.Antietiologicc.Iatrogenicd.NosocomialANS:AIdiopathic diseases are those with an unknown, or as of yet unidentified, cause.REF:p. 34.Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells is called:a.Hyperplasiab.Dysplasiac.Neoplasiad.AplasiaANS:CAlterations in cell growth lead to the development of neoplasms (tumors).REF:p. 75.The initial response of body tissues to local injury is:a.Infectionb.Ischemiac.Edemad.InflammationANS:DInflammation is the initial response of body tissues to local injury.
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 4 preview imageREF:p. 36.Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by:a.Hyperemiab.Scar tissuec.Hyperplasiad.InfarctionANS:AThis hyperemia produces the heat and redness associated with inflammation.REF:p. 37.In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with:a.Granulomatous inflammationb.Granulation tissuec.Phagocytesd.PyogensANS:BA fibrousscarreplaces the area of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue. Granulation tissue refersto a combination of young, developing capillaries and actively proliferating fibroblasts, whichproduce connective tissue fibers (collagen) that replace the dead tissue.REF:p. 48.Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is:a.Edemab.Tumorc.Calor
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 5 preview imaged.DolorANS:BThe five clinical signs of acute inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor(pain), and loss of function.REF:p. 49.Some bacterial organisms that produce these substances that cause damage to the tissue and incitethe inflammatory process are known as:a.Toxoidsb.Pyogensc.Toxinsd.AbscessesANS:CSome bacterial organisms (such as staphylococci and streptococci) produce toxins that damage thetissues and incite an inflammatory response.REF:p. 410.Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has a centralized necrosis is called:a.An exudatesb.A granulomac.An abscessd.HyperplasiaANS:BA granuloma is a localized area of chronic inflammation, often with central necrosis.REF:p. 4
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 6 preview image11.In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the:a.Migration of circulating white blood cellsb.Increased blood flow and vascular permeabilityc.Regeneration of normal parenchymal cellsd.Enzymatic digestion of dead cellsANS:BThe localized heat and redness result from increased blood flow in the microcirculation at the site ofinjury.REF:p. 412.In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called:a.Bacteriab.Pusc.Edemad.A scarANS:BThe presence of pyogenic bacteria leads to the production of a thick, yellow fluid called pus, whichcontains dead white blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and bacteria.REF:p. 413.All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing:a.Bacteremiab.Phagocytosisc.Septicemiad.Keloid tissue
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 7 preview imageANS:AAll pyogens, wherever they become implanted, have the ability to invade blood vessels to producebacteremia, with the potential involvement of other organs and tissues in the body.REF:p. 414.Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue, then contracting in the abdomen are known as:a.Keloidsb.Suppurative inflammationc.Fibrous adhesionsd.HyperemiaANS:CEventually the strong connective tissue contracts to produce a fibrous scar. In the abdomen, suchfibrous adhesions can narrow loops of intestine and result in an obstruction.REF:p. 415.An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body iscalled:a.Bacteremiab.Elephantiasisc.Filariasisd.AnasarcaANS:DGeneralized edema occurs with pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body(anasarca).REF:p. 416.Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation.
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 8 preview imagea.Filariasisb.Edemac.Elephantiasisd.Fibrous adhesionsANS:BEdema is the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or bodycavities. Localized edema results from an inflammatory reaction.REF:p. 417.An inflammation associated with pus formation is:a.Bacteremiab.Phagocytosisc.Suppuratived.HyperemiaANS:CSuppurative inflammation is associated with pus formation.REF:p. 418.The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is:a.Exudateb.Transudatec.Pusd.PermeableANS:A
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 9 preview imageThis inflammatory exudate in the tissues results in the swelling associated with inflammation. Theprotein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-protein fluid,such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure.REF:p. 319.The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema iscalled:a.An abscessb.Exudatec.Transudated.FilariasisANS:CThe protein-rich exudate of inflammation must be differentiated from a transudate, a low-proteinfluid, such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure.REF:p. 320.A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n):a.Gangreneb.Infarctc.Purpurad.EcchymosisANS:BAn infarct is a localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion ofeither its arterial supply or its venous drainage.REF:p. 521.Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as:
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 10 preview imagea.Ischemiab.Petechiaec.Filariasisd.GangreneANS:AIschemia refers to an interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ, deprivingthe organ’s cells and tissues of oxygen and nutrients.REF:p. 522.The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis especially in thediabetic’s foot is called:a.Infarctionb.Gangrenec.Ischemiad.HemorrhageANS:BSevere arterial disease of the lower extremities may result in necrosis of several toes or a largesegment of the foot, a condition called gangrene. A frequent symptom in diabetic patients isischemia of the foot, which may progress to infarction and result in gangrene.REF:p. 523.A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n):a.Purpurab.Ecchymosisc.Petechiad.Infarct
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 11 preview imageA large (greater than 1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous hematoma, or bruise, is called an ecchymosis.REF:p. 624.An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an):a.Hematomab.Ecchymosisc.Petechiaed.Pleural effusionANS:ABlood may be trapped within body tissues resulting in an accumulation called a hematoma.REF:p. 525.Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as:a.Petechiaeb.Hemorrhagec.Purpurad.EcchymosisANS:AMinimal hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces are called petechiae.REF:p. 526.Volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of the blood loss will determine the:a.Patient statusb.Clinical significancec.Treatment required
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 12 preview imaged.All of the aboveANS:DThe significance of hemorrhage depends on the volume of blood loss, the rate of loss, and the site ofthe hemorrhage. Sudden losses of up to 20% of the blood volume or slow losses of even largeramounts may have little clinical significance.REF:p. 627.When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in:a.Aplasiab.Atrophyc.Hypoplasiad.DysplasiaANS:BAtrophy refers to a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue.REF:p. 628.When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered:a.Hypoplasticb.Dysplasticc.Hyperplasticd.AnaplasticANS:AFailure of normal development accounts for small size in hypoplasia and aplasia.REF:p. 6
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 13 preview image29.When increased function of an organ is required, the term _____ is used.a.Neoplasticb.Hypotrophyc.Hyperplasiad.HypertrophyANS:DHypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demandfor increased function.REF:p. 630.The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of:a.Hypertrophyb.Anaplasiac.Hyperplasiad.DysplasiaANS:CHyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. Proliferation of granulationtissue in the repair of injury is an example.REF:pp. 6-731.The Latin word for “new growth” is:a.Tumorb.Seedingc.Neoplasiad.EcchymosisANS:C
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 14 preview imageNeoplasia, from the Latin word for new growth, refers to an abnormal proliferation of cells that areno longer controlled by the factors that govern the growth of normal cells.REF:p. 732.New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread areconsidered:a.Neoplasticb.Benignc.Cachexiad.MalignantANS:DMalignant neoplasms invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites(metastasize).REF:p. 733.A polyp is a:a.Projecting mass from an inner mucous membraneb.Malignant epithelial neoplasmc.Benign cartilaginous tumord.CancerANS:AAn epithelial tumor that grows as a projecting mass on the skin or from an inner mucous membrane(such as the gastrointestinal tract) is termed a papilloma or a polyp.REF:p. 734.A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n):
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 15 preview imagea.Adenomab.Adenocarcinomac.Cystadenomad.DysplasiaANS:BAdenocarcinoma refers to malignancies of glandular tissues, such as the breast, liver, and pancreas,and of the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract.REF:p. 735.The term derived from the Latin term for “crab” is:a.Benignb.Oncologyc.Neoplasiad.CancerANS:DMalignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin are called carcinomas, from the Greek wordkarbinos,meaning “crab.”REF:p. 736.The study of neoplasms or tumors is called:a.Pathologyb.Radiologyc.Oncologyd.EtiologyANS:C
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Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 16 preview imageNeoplasms are commonly referred to as tumors; indeed, the study of neoplasms is called oncology,derived from the Greek wordoncos,meaning “tumor.”REF:p. 737.Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called::a.Malignantb.Benignc.Cancerousd.DysplasticANS:BBenign tumors closely resemble their cells of origin in structure and function.REF:p. 738.When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition isreferred to as:a.Cachexiab.Petechiaec.Anorexiad.AnaplasticANS:ANeoplastic cells act as parasites, competing with normal cells and tissues for their metabolic needs.Thus tumor cells may flourish, and the patient becomes weak and emaciated, a condition termedcachexia.REF:p. 739.Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are:
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