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Julien's Primer of Drug Action Thirteenth Edition Test Bank

Julien's Primer of Drug Action Thirteenth Edition Test Bank covers everything from fundamental concepts to advanced problem-solving strategies to help you excel in your exam.

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    Page 1 1. Which of the following activities is NOT a function of the spinal cord? A) carrying sensory information from “body” (that is, skin, muscles, joints, and internals organs) to brain B) carrying motor information from brain to “body” C) modulating sensory information en route from “body” to brain D) initiating motor commands to “body” 2. The brain stem includes all but the following: A) pons. B) medulla. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. 3. The brain stem is involved in all of the following functions, EXCEPT: A) attention. B) filtering. C) arousal. D) behavioral alerting (vigilance). 4. The diencephalon includes all but the following: A) hypothalamus. B) pituitary gland. C) subthalamus. D) cerebrum. 5. The correct sequence for hormone release is the following: A) pituitary gland → hypothalamus → target organ. B) hypothalamus → pituitary gland → target organ. C) pituitary gland → target organ → hypothalamus. D) hypothalamus → target organ → pituitary gland. 6. The hypothalamus is a motivating force behind all the following behaviors, EXCEPT: A) the drive to eat. B) the drive to drink. C) the drive for sex. D) the rage response.

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    Page 2 7. Which of the following is NOT a member of the limbic system ? A) hypothalamus B) amygdala C) hippocampus D) dopamine - rich reward centers 8. The basic cellular unit of the central nervous system is the: A) nerve. B) tract. C) axon. D) neuron. 9. In neurophysiology, the term exocytosis applies to: A) the neural cell body. B) the presynaptic terminal of the neural cell. C) the vesicles of the neural cell. D) both the presynaptic terminal and the vesicles of the neural cell. 10. The conduction velocity of two neurons was compared. The action potential was conducted much faster in Neuron A than in Neuron B. These data suggest that: A) Neuron A is shorter than Neuron B. B) Neuron B must possess a myelin sheath. C) Neuron B is found in the spinal cord. D) Neuron A possesses a myelin sheath. 11. The nucleus of a neural cell is found in the: A) soma. B) dendrite. C) axon. D) presynaptic terminal. 12. Administration of the psychedelic drug scopolamine results in: A) blockade of postsynaptic ACh receptors. B) increased degradation of ACh. C) decreased synthesis of ACh. D) increased levels of ACh.

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    Page 3 13. Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) results in: A) blockade of postsynaptic ACh receptors. B) increased degradation of ACh. C) decreased synthesis of ACh. D) increased levels of ACh. 14. Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) results in: A) blockade of postsynaptic ACh receptors. B) increased degradation of ACh. C) decreased degradation of ACh. D) decreased synthesis of ACh. 15. Insecticides produce their effects by: A) blocking postsynaptic ACh receptors. B) increasing degradation of ACh. C) decreasing synthesis of ACh. D) increasing levels of ACh. 16. Nerve gases such as Sarin produce their effects by: A) blocking postsynaptic ACh receptors. B) increasing degradation of ACh. C) decreasing synthesis of ACh. D) increasing levels of ACh. 17. Reversible acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors are used clinically to treat: A) Parkinson's disease. B) multiple sclerosis. C) muscular dystrophy. D) Alzheimer's disease. 18. Muscarinic receptors are: A) ionotropic. B) metabotropic. C) “fast.” D) presynaptic.

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    Page 4 19. The catecholamines include all of the following neurotransmitters, EXCEPT: A) norepinephrine (NE). B) dopamine (DA). C) serotonin (5 - HT). D) epinephrine (E). 20. The mechanism of action of the MAO inhibitor antidepressants is: A) blockade of receptors (antagonist action). B) blockade of neurotransmitter reuptake (reuptake inhibitor). C) blockade of enzymatic breakdown of neurotransmitter. D) increase in release of neurotransmitter. 21. An experimental lesion is performed in a mouse resulting in a dramatic change in the amount of REM sleep displayed by the animal. Based on what you know about neurotransmitters, the most reasonable conclusion is that the circuit involved must use: A) dopamine. B) acetylcholine. C) glutamate. D) GABA. 22. In neurochemistry, the terms alpha and beta refer to subtypes of the neurotransmitter: A) NE. B) DA. C) 5 - HT. D) E. 23. A new drug has been developed that improves psychotic symptoms in schizophrenics. Based on current knowledge in behavioral pharmacology, the ______ receptor is a possible site of action. A) D1 B) D5 C) D2A D) D6B 24. Cell bodies of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) originate from the _____; its precursor (that is, the chemical from which it is directly converted) is _____. A) midbrain; l - dopa B) midbrain; dopamine C) locus coeruleus; l - dopa D) locus coeruleus; dopamine

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    Page 5 25. Noradrenergic pathways: A) originate in the forebrain. B) project down the spinal cord to produce analgesic effects.. C) regulate hormone release from the pituitary. D) project from the substantia nigra to the cerebellum. 26. The brain site responsible for producing the majority of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) in the brain is: A) the raphe nuclei. B) the substantia nigra. C) the basal ganglia. D) the locus coeruleus. 27. Antipsychotic medications chiefly affect the neurotransmitter: A) NE. B) DA. C) 5 - HT. D) E. 28. Drugs that affect the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are used clinically to treat: A) bipolar disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) panic disorder. D) Alzheimer's disease. 29. Alterations in the function of the following neurotransmitter and/or its receptors typically affect central motor systems: A) ACh. B) DA. C) 5 - HT. D) NE. 30. The neurotransmitters most clearly implicated in reward mechanisms and orienting responses, respectively, are: A) 5 - HT and DA. B) DA and 5 - HT. C) DA and NE. D) NE and DA.

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    Page 6 31. The brain site responsible for producing the majority of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5 - HT) in the brain is the: A) raphe nuclei. B) substantia nigra. C) basal ganglia. D) locus coeruleus. 32. The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in a variety of processes including sleep, sex, affective disorders, and pain is: A) ACh. B) DA. C) 5 - HT. D) NE. 33. The most common inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain are, respectively: A) NE and 5 - HT. B) NE and GABA. C) glutamate and GABA. D) GABA and glutamate. 34. The psychedelic drugs phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine block receptors for the neurotransmitter: A) DA. B) NE. C) 5 - HT. D) glutamate. 35. Blockade of the following receptor produces effects ranging from hallucinations to protection from excitotoxicity and head injury: A) NMDA. B) kainate. C) AMPA. D) quisqualate.

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    Page 7 36. The benzodiazepine anxiolytics and barbiturate sedatives bind to the ligand - gated ion channel for the neurotransmitter: A) glutamate. B) GABA. C) 5 - HT. D) NE. 37. The endogenous opoids including the enkephalins and endorphins are _____ neurotransmitters. A) amino acid B) classical C) catecholamine D) peptide

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    Page 8 Answer Key 1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D

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    Page 1 1. Once a neuron in the brain dies, it is not replaced. A) True B) False 2. New norepinephrine (NE) must be synthesized to replace each molecule that is released into the synapse. A) True B) False 3. Acetylcholine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter. A) True B) False 4. Acetylcholine is a peptide neurotransmitter. A) True B) False 5. Serotonin (5 - HT) acts upon both “fast - responding” and “slow - responding” postsynaptic receptors. A) True B) False 6. The majority of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is taken back up into the presynaptic terminal. A) True B) False 7. The majority of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is metabolized in the synaptic cleft. A) True B) False 8. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors break down Ach in the synapse. A) True B) False

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    Page 2 9. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is the major active ingredient in insecticides and Sarin . A) True B) False 10. Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) is used clinically as a cognitive enhancer in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A) True B) False 11. The majority of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) is metabolized in the synaptic cleft. A) True B) False 12. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is may exert its effects through at least 6 receptor types. A) True B) False 13. The amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamate and GABA) are widely distributed in the brain. A) True B) False 14. GABA acts upon both “fast - responding” and “slow - responding” postsynaptic receptors. A) True B) False 15. Enkephalins are longer in terms of overall length of the peptide than endorphins. A) True B) False 16. The analgesic effect of serotonin and norepinephrine agonists are thought to occur due to a reduction in the release of substance P. A) True B) False

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    Page 3 Answer Key 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. B 16. A

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    Page 1 1. “Metabolism” of a drug refers to the process of: A) absorption. B) distribution. C) detoxification. D) elimination. 2. The quantity of drug that reaches its target is determined by its: A) absorption. B) distribution and metabolism. C) metabolism and elimination. D) absorption, distribution, and metabolism. 3. The study of the movement of drugs through the body over time is termed: A) pharmacology. B) physiology. C) pharmacodynamics. D) pharmacokinetics. 4. In its simplest form, “pharmacokinetics” describes a drug's: A) strength. B) time course. C) main effects. D) toxicity levels. 5. The term kinetics implies _____ and time. A) place B) direction C) space D) movement 6. The main difference between the two anti - anxiety drugs, lorazepam (Ativan) and triazolam (Halcion), can best be described as: A) psychological. B) pharmacodynamic. C) homeostatic. D) pharmacokinetic.

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    Page 2 7. Drugs administered “sublingually” (under the tongue) and drugs administered orally are absorbed mostly in the _____ and _______, respectively. A) stomach; small intestine B) small intestine; large intestine C) mouth; stomach D) mouth; small intestine 8. “Enteral” drug administration involves: A) parental routes of administration. B) inhalation. C) injection. D) swallowing. 9. All of the following drug attributes decrease the likelihood of drug absorption EXCEPT: A) high water - solubility. B) low lipid - solubility. C) large size. D) small size. 10. One substance capable of inhibiting enzymatic degradation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract is: A) SSRI - type antidepressants. B) grapefruit juice. C) carbamazepine (Tegretol). D) cytochrome P450 enzymes. 11. Rectal drug administration may be used in place of oral drug administration to avoid: A) absorption into bloodstream. B) irritation to mucous membranes. C) too rapid drug absorption. D) nausea/vomiting. 12. The main advantage of administering a drug through “transdermal patches” is: A) lack of irritation to tissue. B) speed of onset of drug action. C) ability to avoid absorption into bloodstream. D) relative constancy of drug levels in plasma.

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    Page 3 13. The following are disadvantages of drug administration by injection EXCEPT: A) There is little time to correct an unexpected drug reaction or accidental overdose. B) Once a drug is injected, it cannot be removed from the body as can with an orally administered drug. C) Drug injection requires that sterile procedures are used otherwise infection may be introduced into the body. D) This method of drug administration is slower and the response may be unpredictable. 14. With the exception of the mode employed with some gas anesthetics, the fastest mode of drug administration is: A) inhalation. B) intramuscular injection. C) subcutaneous injection. D) intravenous injection. 15. The most dangerous mode of drug administration is: A) inhalation. B) intramuscular injection. C) subcutaneous injection. D) intravenous injection. 16. Drawback(s) to intravenous injectio n, as opposed to other forms of administration, of drugs include all of the following EXCEPT: A) a constant danger of allergic reaction and/or respiratory collapse. B) the greatest risk of blood clots. C) the greatest risk of infection. D) an increased risk of unpredictable absorption. 17. Enzymes that degrade a drug in the gastrointestinal tract and liver decrease the amount of drug that reaches the circulation by a mechanism known as: A) enzymatic degradation. B) gastroenteritis. C) drug tolerance. D) first - pass metabolism.

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    Page 4 18. When administered by injection and inhalation, drugs enter the _____ and _____ side of the heart, respectively. A) right; right B) right; left C) left; right D) left; left 19. What are the two main differences between capillaries in the periphery and capillaries surrounding the brain? A) Capillaries surrounding the brain have no pores and are surrounded by membranes of astrocyte cells. B) Capillaries surrounding the brain have pores and are surrounded by membranes of astrocyte cells. C) Capillaries surrounding the brain have no pores and are not surrounded by membranes of astrocyte cells. D) Capillaries surrounding the brain have pores and are not surrounded by membranes of astrocyte cells. 20. A drug that can pass rapidly and easily through the capillary wall surrounding the brain must be: A) highly water soluble. B) highly lipid soluble. C) either highly water soluble or highly lipid soluble. D) neither highly water soluble nor highly lipid soluble. 21. Penicillin cannot be used to treat infections located in the central nervous system because: A) it is destroyed by enzymes in the brain and spinal cord. B) it cannot pass through the blood - brain barrier. C) it is too highly lipid soluble. D) it is too large a molecule to fit though pores surrounding brain cells. 22. Large molecules, such as glucose and vitamins, reach the brain via: A) passive diffusion across the cell membrane. B) passive diffusion through ion channels. C) transcytosis. D) special transport systems.

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