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MICN Hemotology Pretest With Answers (127 Solved Questions)

MICN Hemotology Pretest With Answers provides real-world past exam questions to help you practice smarter.

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    MICN Pretest Study Guide 1. Define 3 Body Fluid Compart- ments 1. Extracellular - body fluid outside the body's cell 2. Intracellular - body fluid inside the body's cell 3. Intravascular - body's fluid outside the body's cell and within the circula- tory system. 2. Define Osmosis Movement of Fluid across semi-per- meable membrane from lesser solute to greater solute concentration. Dilutes concentrations back to homeostasis 3. Define Diffusion Exchange of gases across a mem- brane 4. Describe Fluid Shift when admin- istered IV: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic 1. Isotonic - no fluid shift due to same concentration of blood stream. 2. Hypertonic - fluid drawn into in- travascular space from cells. 3. Hypotonic - fluid enters cell due to decreased osmotic pressure and de- creased concentration. 5. 2 Requirements of cellular func- tion Oxygen and Glucose 6. What electrolyte predominates in- tra-cellular Potassium 7. What electrolyte predominates ex- tra-cellular Sodium 8. Electrolyte that moves out during depolarization Potassium, while sodium moves in via the "sodium potassium pump" 9. Anaerobic Metabolism and its end product cellular metabolism that occurs WITH- OUT oxygen, producing lactic acid 10. 1 / 15

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    Aerobic Metabolism and its end product cellular metabolism that occurs WITH oxygen, producing carbonic acid 11. 4 electrolytes for normal body functioning 1. sodium - attracts water for hydration 2. potassium - transmission of electri- cal impulse, too much or too little caus- es dysrhythmias. 3. calcium - cardiac and skeletal mus- cle contractions, and nervous impulse transmission 4. bicarbonate - buffers excess acids and is released by kidneys 12. Results of abnormal levels of potassium electrical instability and DYSRHYTH- MIAS 13. Define Stroke Volume amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction (Normal is 80ml) 14. Define Cardiac Output 1. amount of blood pumped by heart in one minute (normal 5-6 Liter). 2. Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = Car- diac Output 15. Define Ventricular Diastole RELAXATION of ventricles 16. Define perfusion adequate blood supple to tissue and organ 17. Atrial Kick occurs at end of systole, extra "kick" of blood into the ventricles. If lost in rapid a-fib or SVT, there is decrease of SV or CO by 30% 18. Starling's Law Over-stretching of ventricles can wors- en contractility like a worn out rub- ber-band 19. Define Inotropy Force of Contraction (contractility) 2 / 15

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    20. Define Chronotropy Heart Rate 21. Define Atherosclerosis BLOCKAGE in the blood vessels caused by plaque deposits 22. Define Ischemia Tissues lack of adequate perfusion of blood 23. Define Angina Pectoris Chest pain caused by ischemia 24. Define Myocardial Infarction Death of Cardiac Muscle Tissue caused by ischemia 25. Define Preload amount of blood delivered during di- astole, dependent on venous return. Greater Preload, greater the stroke volume 26. Define Afterload resistance against which ventricles must contract, determined by peripher- al vascular resistance. 27. QRS Complex on EKG Contraction of heart muscle 28. T Wave on EKG Resting phase or repolarization 29. 2 valves that open during systole when ventricles contract Aortic and Pulmonic Valves 30. 2 valves that open in diastole when ventricles fill tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) 31. State if Coronary Artery Perfusion occurs during systole or diastole Diastole (when heart is not contract- ing) 32. Changes in Heart Rate affect Car- diac Output if rate is too slow or too fast, diastolic filling time will be altered decreasing stroke volume and cardiac output 33. 3 / 15

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    Changes in Atrial kick affect Car- diac Output if atrial kick is lost, approximately 20% less blood is supplied to ventricles. Atri- al Kick is lost with a-fib/flutter and SVT 34. Changes in Venous Return affect Cardiac Output if less blood returns to the heart, less can be pumped out of the body 35. Changes in contractility affect Car- diac Output if contractility is reduced, the heart muscle becomes less efficient, result- ing in decreased stroke volume and cardiac output. 36. Arteries and their functions Component of circulatory system with thick muscular wall, high pressure, car- ry blood away from the heart, and con- stricts and dilates 37. Veins and their functions component of circulatory system with thin muscular wall, carry blood towards the heart, low pressure system, and have one way valves that constrict and dilates 38. Capillaries and their functions one cell thick, cannot dilate or con- strict, allows for exchange of oxygen and CO2 by diffusion. 39. how to evaluate capillary refill and what does delayed signify. applies pressure to nailed, delayed >2 seconds signifies impaired circulation 40. What is minimal systolic blood pressure to perfuse the coronary system? 60 mm Hg 41. Identify 2 indicators of effective CPR 1. Ventilations - chest rise 2. Compressions - pulse generated 42. 3 situations when CPR may be in- terrupted Pulse check (5-10 seconds), during in- tubation (30 seconds), transportation difficulties. 4 / 15

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