NSG 6101 FINAL EXAMSWhat does PICO stand for?P = population/patientI = intervention/exposure (new/questioning text)C = comparison (known effective treatment)O = outcome4 steps to EBP1. Ask (PICO)2.Acquire(find evidence)3. Appraise (hierarchy pyramid of evidence)4. ApplyHierarchy pyramid of evidence (weakest)Laboratory studies-In Vito "tube test" researchComparative animal researchExpert opinion-ideas, editorials, opinion (textbook)Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (observational studies ranked)Weakest:Single case reportsCase studies (more than one)Strongest ranking: OAR1.Cohortstudy-follow a group of animals and unknown if sick or not. (No bias)2.Case-control study-takesick animal and control (not sick) then gather into3.Cross-sectionalstudy-intervention what happened (single day)Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (strongest evidence)Strongest:Meta-analysis = find new data and summariesSystematic review = find allstudies that arerelevant. Collaborate everything other.Randomizedcontrol trail = experimental stud. Intervention is assigned by researcherSMART goalsSpecificMeasurableActionable-orientatedRealisticTime-constrainedVeterinarypractitioner’scode of conductPrimary concern for welfare of animalsmaintainingprofessional standards to stand expected by other vet practioner, users ofveterinary services, the public.Preview Mode
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