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PETH 410 Midterm

Flashcard-style Q&A on muscle structure, training, physiology, strength, endurance, cardiovascular health, and physical activity from chapters in a health or exercise science course.

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    Martin 1st half of chapter one 1. What is smooth muscle sometimes called? a. Involuntary muscle 2. What is the muscle under conscious control called? a. Skeletal muscle 3. What covers the Muscle Fibre a. Endomysium 4. Where are the transverse Tubles found? a. The sarcoplasm 5. What is the basic functional unit of a myofibril and the basic contractile unit of muscle? a. Sacromere 6. What is Nebulin? a. An anchoring protein for actin 7. What is considered sometimes as the third myofilament a. Titin 8. What is a a-motor neuron? a. is a nerve cell that connects with and controls many muscle fibers 9. A single a- motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it directly signals are collectively termed a a. Motor Unit 10. What is the is the theory called for how muscles create movement? a. Sliding filament theoiy Aaron 2nd half of Chapter one (make the question easy) 1. Type 1 and Type 2 muscle fibres differ in their of contraction. (Speed) 2. What enzyme splits ATP to release energy to drive contraction? (myosin ATPase) 3. In which type of muscle fiber do cross-bridges cycles occur rapidly ? (Type 2) 4. Method of identifying fiber types by chemically separating different types of myosin molecules (isoforms). (Gel electrophoresis) 5. Slow Twitch, Slow Oxidative. (Type 1) 6. Why are Type 2 fibres more adept to deliver calcium into the muscle cell when stimulated? (More highly developed Sarcoplasmic reticulum) 7. Titin centers what in the sarcomere and prevents them from overstretching? (Thick filaments) 8. Titin is the third sarcomere myofilament and contributes to? (Force production during and following eccentric contraction) 9. Titin acts as a greatly increasing its stainless and thus force. (Molecular spring) 10. Which motor unit has a smaller cell body? (Type 1) 11. When a Type 1 alpha motor neuron stimulates its fibers, fewer muscle fibers contract than when a type 2 motor neuron stimulates its fibers? (True) 12. Anns and legs do not have similar fiber compositions (False)

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    13. What muscle is the exception and composed of very high percentage of type 1 fibers in everyone? (Soleus muscle) 14. Which type of fiber is efficient at producing ATP from oxidation or carbs and fats? (Type 1) 15. Which muscle type would a marathon runner use more of? (Type 1) 16. In type 2 fibers in what pathway is ATP formed? (Through Anaerobic pathways) 17. One of the most advanced methods of studying the human muscle fiber is done by dissecting fibers out of a muscle biopsy and suspending a single fiber between force transducers and measuring its strength and single fiber contractile velocity. (True) 18. Briana Chapter 9 I. Which of the following best defines muscular endurance? A) The maximal force generated in a single repetition B) The ability to perform repeated muscle contractions or sustain contractions over time C) The rate of energy released by cellular metabolic processes without oxygen D) The ability to lift a heavy object quickly II. T/F: Free weights are generally safer and easier to use than machines. III. The theory states that training programs must be designed to meet the unique needs and abilities of the individual. Answer: Principle of Individuality IV. T/F: Eccentric muscle contractions occur while the muscle is shortening. V Which training principle emphasizes progressively increasing the training stimulus to continue making gains? A. Principle of Specificity B. Principle of Variation C. Progressive Overload D. Principle of Reversibility

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    VI. The maximal amount of oxygen the body can use during intense exercise is called Answer: VO2 Max VIL Which of the following is NOT a way to treat Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)? A) Massage B) Stretching C) Isometric Training D) Light aerobic exercise VIII. is defined as the maximal force generated in a single repetition or attempt. Answer: Strength IX. Which type of muscle contraction occurs while the muscle is shortening? A) Isometric B) Concentric C) Eccentric D) Isokinetic X. T/F: Detraining occurs faster in cardiovascular fitness than in strength training. Emma 1st half of chapter 10 1. What percent improvement in strength can one expect after 3 to 6 months of resistance training? Answer: 25-100% 2. What is an increase in muscle size called? Answer: hypertrophy 3. What is a decrease in muscle size called? Answer: atrophy

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