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2024-2025 NR442 Community Health Nursing Exam 2 with Answers (41 Solved Questions)

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  • Shared February 2025
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    NR442/ NR 442 Community Health Nursing Exam 2 Objectives (chap 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34) 2024/2025 new update Exam 2 Objectives (chap 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34) Chapter 13: Cultural Diversity and Community Health Nursing - Describe ethical definitions of Autonomy, Non - maleficence, Beneficence, Distributive Justice and how lack of can affect health care and access to all. • Autonomy - patient independence, making own decisions, a self - governing state • Non - maleficence - to do no harm • Beneficence - doing good • Distributive justice - perceived fairness of how rewards and costs are shared by (distributed across) group members. Distributive justice concerns the equitable distribution of scarce resources among all socioeconomic groups and population sectors. Chapter 19: Senior Health - Identify age - related risk factors and education for Senior Health • Nutrition status and exercise • Falls • Dental, hearing, & vision problems • Abuse/maltreatment • Medication safety o When applicable, anti - inflammatory medications may be administered before physical activity to address accompanying pain • Cold and heat stress: o Hypothermia ( very serious ) - keep the patient warm; watch for the signs: confusion or sleepiness, slowed slurred speech, weak pulse, shivering, poor control of body movements o Heatstroke ( life - threatening ) - wrap a wet sheet, move to a cooler area; watch for hot dry skin that’s usually red, mottled, or cyanotic, loss of consciousness, or convulsions - What are functional assessments and why are they used when assessing the elderly? • Examinations and Tests; a continuous collaborative process that combines observing, asking meaningful questions, listening to family stories, and analyzing individual child skills and behaviors within naturally occurring everyday routines and activities ac ross multiple situations and settings. • For All Older Adults o Complete physical: Annually o Blood pressure: Annually ; more frequently if hypertensive or at risk o Blood glucose: Annually ; more frequently if diabetic or at risk o Serum cholesterol: Every 5 years ; more frequently if at high risk

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    o Fecal occult blood test: Annually o Sigmoidoscopy: Every 5 years o Colonoscopy: Every 10 years ; more frequently if at high risk o Visual acuity and glaucoma screening: Annually

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    o Dental examination: Annually for those with teeth with cleaning every 6 months ; cleaning every 2 years for denture wearers o Hearing test: Every 2 to 5 years • For Women o Breast self - examination: Monthly o Clinical breast examination: Annually o Mammogram: Every 1 to 2 years if aged 40 years or older; check with health care provider if 74 years or older o Pelvic examination and Papanicolaou smear: Annually ; may check with health care provider about discontinuation at 66+ years or after three consecutive negati ve Pap test results or >2 consecutive negative HPV and Pap tests, no abnormal results in previous 10 years and not otherwise at risk, or have had a total hysterectomy o Digital rectal examination: Annually with pelvic examination o Bone density: Once after menopause and more frequently if at risk • For Men o Digital rectal examination and prostate examination: Annually o Prostate - specific antigen (PSA) blood test: Annually • Immunizations for All Older Adults o Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap): Every 10 years o Influenza/flu vaccine: Annually o Pneumonia vaccine: Once after age 65 years ; ask physician about booster every 5 years o Hepatitis A (liver infection found in stool and blood very contagious )and B(is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected)those at risk o Herpes zoster (shingles): One - time dose o Varicella (chickenpox): If evidence of lack of immunity and significant risk for exposure Chapter 21: Populations Affected by Disabilities - Medicare and Medicaid access and funding • medicare o Medicare is the federal health insurance program for: ▪ people 65 or older ▪ certain younger people with disabilities ▪ people with ESRD (end stage renal disease) ▪ funded by the social security administration (tax payers) • medicaid o For low - income families w/ disability and pregnant women o Funded by federal and state government

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    eligibility is based off of household size and income and priority given to children, pregnant women, and those with a disability (federally funded) - What protection is provided to those who identify having a disability • Contemporary disability policy minimizes the disadvantaged view and maximizes opportunities for people with disabilities to live productively in their communities. Public policy on disability (these are your programs) includes civil rights protections, sk ill enhancement programs, and income and in - kind assistance programs (e.g., Social Security Disability Insurance [SSDI] and Medicare) - What does ADA accommodations mean and do they refer to • The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (PL 101 - 336) became a law in July 1990. This landmark civil rights – styled legislation prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities by guaranteeing equal opportunities for people with disabilities in relation to employment, transportation, publ ic accommodations, public services, and telecommunications • A qualified individual with a disability must meet legitimate skill, experience, education, or other requirements of an employment position. The person must be able to perform the essential job functions, such as those contained within a job description, with or without reasonable accommodation(s). Reasonable accommodations should make it easier to be successful in job duties and may either involve altering the duties or the tasks of the job performed. Qualifying organizations must provide reasonable accommodations unless they can demonstrate that the accommodation will cause significant difficulty or expense, producing an undue hardship. - Discuss the Ticket to Work Act and ho w it affects Medicaid or Medicare • Addresses employment and benefit issues for persons with disabilities. • Increase access to vocational services and provided methods for retaining health insurance. • Provided higher cap to accommodate earnings when beneficiaries make progress in their employment plans but before they reach the level of earnings that would terminate their benefits Chapter 23: Homeless Populations (ati pg 64) - Identify health care workers engagement and care with homeless populations • Refer those who have underlying mental health disorders to therapy and counseling • Enhance parenting skills that can prevent teens from running away • Assist in temporary shelter, long - term shelter • Advocate and provide efforts towards political change • Make referrals for employee assistance and emotional programs o Provides insurance to people of low socioeconomic status and children,

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    Chapter 24: Rural and Migrant Health - Identify factors that place farmers and migrant workers at risk for illness and accidents • Working in highly variable environmental conditions (e.g., temperature extremes, a wide variety of work tasks, and unpredictable circumstances ) is associated with an increased frequency of accidents and fatalities. • Occupational asthma and more exotic funga l or toxic gas – related conditions also occur in higher frequency in agricultural than nonagricultural populations. Exposure to pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals is also a major concern for farmers and their families. - Discuss the impact of barriers and access to health care on rural aggregates • In general, migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFWs) may have the poorest health of any aggregate in the United States and the least access to affordable health care. • Barriers: distance from services, lack of transportation, unpredictable weather/travel conditions, inability to pay for care, shortage of rural hospitals/HCP - Describe the Migrant Health Centers (MHCs) under the Migrant Health Program • The MHC program provides comprehensive nursing and medical care and support services to MSFWs ( migrant and seasonal farmworkers) and their families. The centers provide culturally sensitive care to a racially and culturally diverse farm labor force from ma ny countries in Latin America and the Caribbean . Bilingual, bicultural health personnel, including lay outreach workers, use culturally appropriate protocols to provide primary care, preventive health care, transportation, dental care, pharmaceuticals, and environmental health services. Chapter 25: Populations Affected by Mental Illness - Factors that influence mental health • Genetic factors • Abnormalities of Brain Structure and Functioning (schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer disease) • Social factors (school shootings, public bombings, bullying, domestic violence, and other tragic events, unemployment, bereavement). Another social concern is the tendency of communities to make use of prisons rather than psychiatric hospitals as a solution to the “mental health problem. • Gender, racial, & sexual orientation disparities • Natural & human - made disasters and mental illness • Political factors

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