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NUR2063 Pathophysiology Final Exam with Answers (100 Solved Questions)

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    NUR2063 Pathophysiology final EXAM 1. Which of the following is part of the pathophysiology of emphysema that can lead to the appearance of a barrel chart? A. Peripheral edema B. Bacterial infection in the lungs C. Air trapping in the alveoli D. Muscle atrophy of the diaphragm 2. The primary problem with anemia, regardless of the cause, is ____ the goal in treating anemia is to_____ A. Occult bleeding reduces the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. B. Tissue hypoxia; restore tissue oxygenation . C. Tissue hyperoxia; have the pa tient take slow deep breaths. D. Oxygen saturation more than 100%reduce oxygen toxicity. 3. Intracellular fluid contains higher concentration of which of the following? A. Magnesium B. Sodium C. Chloride D. Bicarbonate 4. Which of the following is a characteristic o f disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) A. Simultaneous stroke and heart attack B. Simultaneous clotting and bleeding C. Simultaneous clotting and insulin release D. Simultaneous bleeding and vomiting

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    5. Which of the following steps happens first during hemostasis? A. Vascular spasm B. Platelet’s dissolve C. Coagulation D. Dissolving of the clot 6. Which of the following clinical finding would be present in clients experiencing shock (select all that apply)? A. Altered level of consciousness . B. Hypotension C. In creased mental clarity. D. Tachycardia E. Hypertension 7. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS)? A. Demyelination of the neurons in the central system B. Decreased production of dopamine in the central nervous system C. Cl otting and bleeding disorders D. Destruction of acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells 8. Which of the following is a component of the etiology of edema? A. Decreased plasma proteins B. Hypotension

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    C. Dehydration D. Polyuria 9. Sing and symptoms of myocardia l infarction include which of the following? A. Persistent chest pain which may radiate to the arm, neck, or jaw. B. Brief sternal chest pain on inspiration C. Rapid respiration with left - sided weakness and numbness D. Left upper quadrant abdominal pain which ra diates to the back and shoulder. 10. Which of the following can lead to impaired neurological function in clients with increased intracranial pressure? (select all that apply) A. Compression of the brain B. Inflammation of the brain tissue C. Decrease perfusio n of the brain tissue . D. The ability of the tissues 11. Increased calcium levels in the blood could be due to an imbalance of which of the following hormones? A. Parathyroid hormone B. Antidiuretic hormone C. Calcitonin D. Melatonin 12. Which hyperglycemic di sorder is related to breaking down fats for energy in patients with type 1 diabetes? A. Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome

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    B. Hyperglycemic lipid syndrome C. Diabetic ketoacidosis D. Lipidosis hyperosmolar ketosis 13. Which of the following woul d the nurse expect to see in client experiencing hypoventilation? A. increased oxygenation in the alveoli B. increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream C. decreased hemoglobin in the bloodstream D. decreased carbon dioxide in the alveoli 14. A client has a p otassium of 1.9mEq/L. What is most important observation? A. Jaundice B. Skin turgor C. Ability of the client to walk . D. Telemetry EKG for cardiac abnormalities 15. Clients experiencing a sickle cell crisis would display which of the following clinical manifesta tions? A. Pain and dyspnea B. Bleeding and decreased white blood cell count. C. Increase mucous production and decreased platelets. D. Jugular venous distension and ascites 16. Which of the following is used to classify seizures?

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    A. Clinical symptoms and elect rocardiogram (ECG) B. Electroencephalogram (EEG)and electrocardiogram (ECG) C. Clinical symptoms and complete blood count (CBC) D. Clinical symptoms and electroencephalogram (EEG) 17. Which of the following are causes of obstructive shock? (select all that Apply ) A. Spinal cord injury B. Pulmonary embolism C. Cardiac tamponade D. Tension pneumothorax E. Hemorrhage 18. A tension pneumothorax requires a needle thoracotomy and or chest tube placement as treatment to treat which component of this condition? A. An accumulati on of blood in the pleural space, which make it difficult for lungs to exchange gases. B. Extreme pain cause by a fractured rib. C. A large accumulation of trapped air in the pleural space, affecting both the lungs and heart . D. Sudden failure of the respiratory system due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli. 19. Which of the following describes what is occurring in the body of clients experiencing hypovolemia? A. Increased urine retention

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    B. Insufficient circulating blood volume C. Bounding peripheral pulses D. Crackl es auscultated in the lungs. 20. Which link in the chain of infection describes the source (living or nonliving) of an infection agent? A. Reservoir B. Mode of transmission C. Portal of exit D. Susceptible 21. What symptom would the nurse expect to see in a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? A. Dyspnea on exertion B. Normal lungs sound. C. Normal arterial blood gases D. Onset of the disease during young adulthood. 22. Which organ is associated with the development of esophageal varices? A. Liv er B. Spleen C. Kidney D. Pancreas

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    23. Which of the following is not a clinical manifestation of leukemia and lymphoma? A. Fatigue B. Increased risk of bleeding C. Increased risk of infections D. Increased energy and strength 24. Virchow triad includes which of the following factors? ( select all that APPLY ) A. Venous blood stasis B. Damage to the venous wall C. Venous blood hypermobility D. E. Damage to the arterial wall 25. A patient has acute respiratory failure (ARF). Whic h of the following would the nurse expert to find? A. Alkalosis and hyperventilation B. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia C. Alkalosis and high potassium D. Elevated sodium and acidosis 26. Which of the following electrolytes and as an electrolyte pool? Increase blood coagulability .

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