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NURS231 Pathophysiology Final Exam with Answers (42 Solved Questions)

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    NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances. True False True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. True False Multiple Choice Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? It controls shape and movement Cilia and flagella are microtubule - filled cellular extensions It includes peroxisomes and proteasomes Peroxisomes and proteasomes are not part of the cytoskeleton. Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within The main structural component is made of proteins Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. Your Answer: Dry gangrene is when the tissue becomes dyhydrated and shrinks back and becomes dark brown/black in color and the spread of dry gangrene is slow. In wet gangrene the affected area is cold, swollen, and does not have a pulse, the skin is moist, black and disteneded. Sma ll blisters blebs on the skins surface where liquefaction occurs and bad order that is caused by bacteria and the spread of tissue damage is fast. In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid. Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 4 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 5 10 / 10 pts

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    NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM Question 9 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types. True False False, cell differentiation True/False: Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division. True False False, cell proliferation This type of cell remains incompletely differentiated throughout life: Your Answer: Stem Cell stem cell Which of the following are most likely to have arisen from an adult stem cell? Muscle Bone Epithelial Epithelial cells like the skin are constantly being replaced. Neural 1. is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the tumor as well as other distant sites. 2. The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known as . Your Answer: 1. Chemotherapy 2. Wasting 1. chemotherapy 2. cancer anorexia - cachexia syndrome Question 6 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 7 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 8 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 10 5 / 10 pts

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    NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM Question 14 7 / 10 pts Question 13 2.5 / 2.5 pts Short answer Explain how the skin’s physical barrier makes it inhospitable to microorganisms. Your Answer: Our skin is designed to be a physical barrier. It is comprised of closed packed cells in multiple layers that are being shed constantly. Keratin is what covers the skin and this makes a salty acidic enviroment that makes it inhospitable to microorganisms. It also contains antimicrobial proteins and lysozyomes that inhibt microbes that helps destroy them. It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty, acidic environment inhospitable to microbes. It also cont ains antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and help to destroy them. True/False: The T cells that display the host’s MHC antigens and T - cell receptors for a nonself - antigen are allowed to mature, a process termed positive selection. True False Multiple Choice: Which cell in the blood provides primary hemostasis? Platelets Endothelial cells Histamine Macrophages A 12 - year - old female presents with itchy eyes, nasal congestion and drainage, and sneezing every spring when the pollen count is high. (1) Explain the immunologic mechanisms that are responsible for her symptoms. (2) What type(s) of treatment might be used to relieve her symptoms? Your Answer: Atopy, in most cases it is a genetic predisposition to the IgE - mediatied reaction that occure upon exposure. High level of IgE. Treament sims to remove the offeding agents and control symptoms. Antihistamines and intranasal corticost eriods used. Second generation antihistmines like zyrtec and claritin are better tolerated. (1) Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils play an important role in the development of type I reactions because they contain the chemical mediator histamine. A primary or initial - phase response is vasodilation, vascular leakage, and smooth muscle contraction. A secondary or late - phase response is characterized by more intense infiltration of tissues with eosinophils Question 11 5 / 5 pts Question 12 2.5 / 2.5 pts

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