Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges 8th Edition Test Bank

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Professional Nursing: Concepts &Challenges, 8eChapter 1: Nursing Today: A Time of TransformationTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which of the following could eventually change the historical status of nursing as afemale-dominated profession?a.More men graduating from baccalaureate and higher degree programsb.The proportion of men in nursing beginning to increasec.More male graduates of basic nursing programs entering the workplaced.Salary compensation increasing to attract more menANS: CFeedbackAMore men graduating from baccalaureate and higher degree programsis not the best answer because associate degree programs produce themost new graduates.BThe percentage of men in nursing has increased 50% since 2000.CThe more men who enter the workplace as nurses, the less nursing willbe seen as a female-dominated profession.DSalary rates do not appear to relate to the recruitment of men intonursing.

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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 22.The racial and ethnic composition of the nursing profession will change to moreaccurately reflect the population as a whole whena.the increased numbers of racial and ethnic minorities enrolled ineducational programs graduate and begin to practice.b.the number of Asians or Native Hawaiian-Pacific Islanders begins toincrease.c.the percentage of African-American and Hispanic nurses decreasesmore than the percentage of white nurses.d.the nonwhite portion of the general population decreases.ANS: AFeedbackAA larger percentage of minorities are enrolled in nursing educationalprograms than previously.BAsians and Native Hawaiian-Pacific Islanders are over represented innursing compared to their percentage of the general population.CNot only would the percentage of African-American and Hispanicnurses need to increase, the percentage of white nurses would have todecrease in order to more accurately reflect the population as a whole.DThe nonwhite portion of the general population is not likely todecrease.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 33.Which of the following is a correct statement about the registered nurse (RN)population?a.The racial/ethnic composition of RNs closely resembles that of thegeneral population.

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b.The number of men entering nursing has decreased steadily over thelast decade.c.The rate of aging of RNs has slowed for the first time in the past 30years.d.The majority of employed RNs working full time must work a secondposition.ANS: CFeedbackAThe racial/ethnic composition of RNs is increasing, but does notapproximate their percentage of the overall population.BThe number of men entering nursing is increasing.CThe average age of RNs in both 2004 and 2008 was 46. This is a resultof the numbers of RNs under 30 in the workforce.DAccording to 2008 data, only 12% of nurses working full time holdsecond positions.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 34.Which of the following best describes trends in nursing education?a.Numbers of RNs with bachelors and higher degrees are increasing.b.Numbers of RNs with associate degrees are decreasing.c.Foreign-born nurses practicing in the United States are seen as lessknowledgeable because of their lesser educational preparation.d.Numbers of RNs with diploma educations are increasing.ANS: AFeedbackASlightly over 50% of RNs eventually obtain their bachelors of science

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in nursing (BSN) or a higher nursing degree.BThe majority of nurses in this country get their initial nursing educationin associate degree in nursing (ADN) programs.CForeign-born nurses practicing in the United States may be viewed asless knowledgeable by their peers because of language and culturaldifferences.DThe numbers of diploma-educated nurses are declining.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 45.Despite the variety of work settings available to the RN, data from 2008 indicatethat the primary work site for RNs isa.ambulatory care settings.b.community health settings.c.long-term care facilities.d.acute care hospitals.ANS: DFeedbackAAmbulatory care settings account for about 10.5% of RNs places ofemployment.BPublic health and community health settings account for 7.8% ofemployed RNs.CLong-term care facilities account for 5.3% of RNs places ofemployment.DStatistics show that 62.2% of RNs work in acute care hospitals.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5

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6.One important advantage of clinical ladder programs for hospital-based RNs is thattheya.allow career advancement for nurses who choose to remain at thebedside.b.encourage nurses to move into management positions in which they caninfluence patient care on a broader scale.c.encourage RNs to become politically active and guide the profession ofnursing.d.provide training to staff nurses so they can move seamlessly acrossdepartments.ANS: AFeedbackAClinical ladder programs allow nurses to advance professionally whileremaining at the bedside.BClinical ladder programs are designed to keep proficient nurses at thebedside.CEncouraging RNs to become politically active and guide the professionof nursing is not the goal of clinical ladder programs.DClinical ladder programs are not designed to facilitate transfer betweendepartments.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 77.Which of the following statements is correct about community health nursing(CHN)?a.Prevention and community education are the cornerstones of CHN.b.Nursing care is rapidly moving from the home setting to theinstitutional setting.

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c.High-tech care such as ventilators and total parenteral nutrition cannotbe handled in the home.d.Assessment skills are less important in CHN because patients are notacutely ill.ANS: AFeedbackAThe community health nurse provides educational programs in healthmaintenance, disease prevention, nutrition, and child care.BCare is moving into the home setting.CHome care is increasing in complexity.DCommunity health nurses must have excellent assessment skills as theydo not have the immediate backup that an acute care facility offers.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 98.Which of the following is most essential for the nurse entrepreneur to besuccessful?a.Ability to take direction wellb.Excellent time-management skillsc.Avoidance of risksd.A college degree in businessANS: BFeedbackANurse entrepreneurs must function autonomously.BNurse entrepreneurs must be well organized and efficient.CStarting a business involves risk.

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DA degree in business is not required to be a nurse entrepreneur.DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 109.The major benefit of serving as a military nurse isa.broader responsibilities and scope of practice than civilian nurses.b.working with entirely baccalaureate-prepared peers on active duty.c.serving as an officer on active duty or in the reserves.d.the financial support to seek advanced degreesANS: DFeedbackAAlthough military nurses do have broader responsibilities and scopes ofpractice than civilian nurses do, this is not the major benefit.BAlthough military nurses do work with entirely baccalaureate-preparedpeers on active duty, this is not the major benefit.CAlthough military nurses serve as officers on active duty or in thereserves, this is not the major benefit.DAdvanced education is supported by the military financially and alsoallows for promotion in rank at an accelerated pace.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1310.Which of the following statements explains why the school nurse of today is trulya community health nurse?a.The school nurse may be called on to care for a students familymembers in underserved areas.b.The school nurses primary responsibility is centered on the well child.c.The school nurses primary responsibility is to maintain immunization

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records.d.The school nurse must be certified in CHN.ANS: AFeedbackAIn medically underserved areas a school nurse may be called on to carefor members of a childs immediate family.BChronically ill, disabled, and physically challenged students are inregular classrooms.CSchool nurses detect developmental problems; counsel and educatechildren, parents, and teachers; and maintain immunization records.DAlthough school nurses are considered community health nurses,certification in community health is not required.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1311.What has been found about the outcomes of patients cared for in hospitals with ahigher percentage of BSN-prepared nurses as compared to patients in hospitals with alower percentage of BSN-prepared nurses?a.Patient outcomes are more dependent on nurse-patient ratios.b.Outcomes were better in hospitals with more BSN-prepared nurses.c.Outcomes were similar in both types of hospitals.d.Medical patients had better outcomes, but surgical patients fared thesame.ANS: BFeedbackANurse-patient ratio is an important determinant of patient careoutcomes but has not been shown to be more or less important that the

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percentage of BSN-prepared nurses providing direct patient care.BResearch by Aiken, et al, (2003) showed that patient outcomes werebetter in hospitals where higher percentages of BSN-prepared nurseswere employed.CResearch by Aiken, et al, (2003) showed that patient outcomes werebetter in hospitals where higher percentages of BSN-prepared nurseswere employed.DAiken, et al (2003) studied orthopedic, general surgical, and vascularsurgery patients and found the outcomes were improved for thesepatients in hospitals with a higher percentage of BSN-prepared nurses.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 712.Faith community nursing (FCN) was founded on which of the following premises?a.Nurses faith beliefs do not play a part in healing.b.The spiritual aspect takes precedence over the physical body in healing.c.Spiritual health is central to a persons well-being.d.Faith community nurses must receive formal training as a minister orclergy.ANS: CFeedbackAThe nurses spiritual journey is believed to be an essential aspect of thisnursing role.BPatients are treated holistically under FCN.CFCN is based on the belief that spiritual health is central to well-being.DFaith community nurses do not need to have formal training as aministers.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 16

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13.One important advantage of the evolution of nursing informatics is thata.it allows any RN to become a certified informatics nurse.b.informatics nurses are best able to design systems with the needs andskills of nurses who use them.c.informatics nurses will reduce the need for direct caregivers todocument care.d.benefits of informatics advancements include improved patient safetyand increased variability of care.ANS: BFeedbackAAlthough all nurses may use informatics, a nurse specializing ininformatics should have a BSN and additional knowledge andexperience in the field of informatics.BInformatics nurses understand how the information needs to be usedand how to make the systems work for the nurses.CDirect caregivers will still need to document the care provided.DBenefits do include improved patient safety, but decreased variabilityof care is expected with informatics systems.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1714.Which of the following nursing roles is not considered an advanced practice role?a.Certified nurse-midwife (CNM)b.Community health nursec.Certified nurse practitioner (CNP)d.Clinical nurse specialist (CNS)ANS: B

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FeedbackAA CNM is an advanced practice role.BThe community health nurse is not an advanced practice role.CCNP is an advanced practice role.DCNS is an advanced practice role.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1715.NPs are advanced practice nurses whoa.are required to have physician collaboration or supervision.b.function under a set of universal advanced practitioner laws.c.cannot receive direct reimbursement for their services.d.can diagnose and treat common and chronic conditions.ANS: DFeedbackAThe laws governing the practice of NPs vary from state to state,including the degree of supervision required and how they may bereimbursed for their services.BThe laws governing the practice of NPs vary from state to state,including the degree of supervision required and how they may bereimbursed for their services.CThe laws governing the practice of NPs vary from state to state,including the degree of supervision required and how they may bereimbursed for their services.DNPs are prepared to handle a wide range of basic health problems.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 18

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16.The clinical nurse leader (CNL) is a recently proposed role. The responsibilities ofthe person in this role include which of the following?a.Oversee and manage care delivery in specific settings.b.Manage and streamline operations in multiple nursing units.c.Replace the outdated CNS role.d.Provide daily care to a specific subset of patients with similar needs.ANS: AFeedbackAThe CNL role is intended to provide the highest quality of nursing careby having masters-prepared nurses involved in the care of a distinctgroup of patients.BThe CNL role was not intended as a managerial or administrative role.CThe CNS role is not outdated, and some controversy exists becausesome CNSs view this new role as possibly disenfranchising them.DCNLs may on occasion provide direct patient care, but not on a dailybasis.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 20MULTIPLE RESPONSE1.Hospice and palliative care nursing is a rapidly developing specialty in nursing.Which facts have contributed to this growth? (Select all that apply.)a.End-of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses.b.End-of-life needs are expected to increase with the aging population.c.Nursing curricula have prepared nurses to deal effectively with dyingpatients and their families.d.Palliative care is a new focus of advanced practice nurses.

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e.Hospice and palliative care nurses work in a variety of settings.ANS: A, B, EFeedbackCorrectEnd-of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses is correctbecause palliative care reflects the holistic philosophy ofnursing, and comfort and relief have always been nursingresponsibilities. End-of-life needs are expected to increase withthe aging population is correct because as the population agesthere will be a greater demand for end-of-life care as thenumber of individuals needing care increases. Hospice andpalliative care nurses work in a variety of settings is correctbecause palliative care takes place in hospitals, homes,hospices, skilled nursing homes, etc.IncorrectNursing curricula have prepared nurses to deal effectively withdying patients and their families is incorrect because nursingeducational programs have not prepared nurses well as thecontent related to end-of-life issues and palliative care has beenlimited. Palliative care is a new focus of advanced practicenurses is incorrect because palliative care has been a focus ofmany nurses, not just advanced practice nurses.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: pp. 14-152.CNSs may (Select all that apply.)a.manage an inpatient nursing unit.b.develop educational programs for nursing staff.c.conduct practice outcomes research.d.prescribe medications for common illnesses.e.attend or assist in the delivery of low-risk newborns.ANS: A, B, C

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FeedbackCorrectCNSs are prepared with an advanced nursing degree and theskills to function in a variety of settings and functional roles.IncorrectCNSs do not have prescribing authority. CNMs attend or assistat the delivery of low-risk newborns.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 19Chapter 2: The History and Social Context of NursingTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that wouldlater become a model for early nursing education?a.Dorothea Dixb.Florence Nightingalec.Clara Bartond.Mary Ann BickerdykeANS: BFeedbackADorothea Dix is best known as an advocate for the mentally ill, and shecreated a brief training program at two New York hospitals for womenwho wished to serve as nurses in the Civil War.BFlorence Nightingale founded the first training school for nurses at St.Thomass Hospital in London in 1806. This became the model fornursing education in the United States.

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CClara Barton is known for founding the American Red Cross.DMary Ann Bickerdyke is best known for nursing services during theCivil War.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 252.Who was the first educated African-American professional nurse?a.Linda Richardsb.Phoebe Pemberc.Sojourner Truthd.Mary Eliza MahoneyANS: DFeedbackALinda Richards was the first trained nurse in the United States.BPhoebe Pember was one of the first women placed in charge of ahospital.CSojourner Truth was a famous abolitionist who served as a nurse forthe Union forces in the Civil War.DMary Eliza Mahoney was the first African-American professionalnurse; she was educated at the New England Hospital for Women andChildren.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 273.To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American RedCross?a.Clara Bartonb.Dorothea Dix

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c.Florence Nightingaled.Lavinia Lloyd DockANS: AFeedbackAFounding the American Red Cross is attributed to Clara Barton.BDorothea Dix was superintendent of women nurses of the Union Army.CFlorence Nightingale was an English pioneer in nursing.DLavinia Lloyd Dock was influential in forming the National League forNursing (NLN).DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 264.What were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs inthe 1900s?a.Male, intelligent, strongb.Female, sensitive, subservientc.Female, docile, from poor backgroundd.Male, high breeding, independentANS: BFeedbackAMen were not thought to be sensitive enough for nursing.BSensitivity, breeding, intelligence, ladylike behavior, and submission toauthority were highly desired personal traits for nursing students.CHigh breeding was desirable for nursing education program applicants.DMen were not desired nursing education program applicants.

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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 275.Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago Worlds Fair of1893 became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States?a.Florence Nightingales work on sanitation and its relationship tomortality rates was finally recognized.b.The organization today known as the NLN was formed to addressissues in nursing education.c.The American Nurses Association (ANA) was formed to overseenursing education in the United States.d.The International Council of Nurses (ICN) was formed to enhancecollaboration between practicing nurses and educators.ANS: BFeedbackAFlorence Nightingales paper was on scientific training of nurses.BSeveral influential nursing leaders met at the Chicago Worlds Fair andstarted the National League for Nursing Educationthe precursor to theNLN.CThe NLN, not the ANA, was formed to oversee nursing education inthe United States.DThe ICN was not founded until 1899 and is not involved in U.S.education of nurses.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 286.Which early nursing organization is credited with first recommending stateregistration for nurses?a.ICNb.NLN

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c.ANAd.National Association of Colored Graduate NursesANS: AFeedbackAThe ICN was formed to unite all nursing organizations. The topic of thefirst meeting was registration for nurses by each country and state.BThe NLN was formed to oversee nursing education in the UnitedStates.CThe ANA was formed to enhance collaboration between practicingnurses and educators.DThe National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses was formed todevelop leadership among African-American nurses.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 287.Which of the following nursing leaders, because of her work in the Henry StreetSettlement, is considered the founder of public health nursing?a.Margaret Sangerb.Clara Bartonc.Lillian Waldd.Lavinia Lloyd DockANS: CFeedbackAMargaret Sanger is known for her work on birth control with immigrantwomen from the Lower East Side of New York City.BClara Barton founded the American Red Cross.

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CLillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement, the first formalizedpublic health nursing project.DLavinia Lloyd Dock was instrumental in the formation of the NLN.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 288.Despite the caring efforts of early public health nurses in the Henry StreetSettlement, racial disparity left many people underserved. Which of the followingAfrican-American public health nurses was instrumental in providing excellentnursing care to underserved families despite these social challenges?a.Jessie Sleet Scalesb.Margaret Sangerc.Lavinia Lloyd Dockd.Anita M. McGeeANS: AFeedbackAJessie Sleet Scales established the Stillman House, a part of the HenryStreet Settlement that provided care to African Americans.BMargaret Sanger worked to provide immigrant women on the LowerEast Side of New York City with birth control information.CLavinia Lloyd Dock founded the NLN.DAnita M. McGee was a physician appointed as head of the HospitalCorps, who recruited nurses for the Spanish-American War of 1898.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 299.Which one of the following events occurring during the first decade of the twentiethcentury brought sweeping changes to nursing?

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a.It was required that all practicing nurses be licensed.b.Permissive licensing laws allowed registered nurses (RNs) to practicewithout a license if they registered with the state.c.All states required a standardized licensing examination.d.Nurses had to pass a licensing examination to use the title RN.ANS: DFeedbackAPracticing nurses did not have to be licensed but could not use the title.BPermissive licensing laws required all nurses using the title RN to belicensed.CLicensing examinations were not standardized until 1950.DLicensure laws were passed that required all people using the title ofRN to be licensed.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 3010.What was the most significant impact on the profession of nursing made by MaryBreckenridge in her role as a frontier nurse?a.She demonstrated that nurses could provide primary care in ruralsettings.b.She demonstrated that female nurses could protect themselves inunsettled rural environments.c.She demonstrated that nurses were capable of teaching new mothers tocare for babies.d.She demonstrated that nurses could provide care to many clients despitegeographic boundaries.ANS: A

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FeedbackAMary Breckenridge established frontier nursing services. She providedprimary care to women and babies and demonstrated that nurses couldprovide primary care.BSafety was not the primary impact of the success of frontier nursing.CAlthough she was a nurse-midwife, this was not the most significantimpact.DDemonstrating that nurses could provide care to many clients despitegeographic boundaries was not the most significant impact made byMary Breckenridge.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 3211.Which of the following trends in health care delivery that began in the second halfof the twentieth century continues today?a.Widespread use of team nursing to address the nursing shortageb.Massive movement of nurses out of acute care and into home carec.Advent of primary care to replace specialized cared.Provision of care to the poor, elderly, and disabled through Medicareand MedicaidANS: DFeedbackATeam nursing is rarely used today.BMore nurses work in acute care today than in home care.CAfter World War II, specialization became popular.DTwo amendments to the Social Security Act in 1965 designed to ensureaccess to health care for elderly, poor, and disabled Americans were theestablishment of Medicare and Medicaid.

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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 3412.A recent trend in nursing has been an increase in the number of men and womenwith degrees in other fields or other careers applying to nursing programs. What is thesingle most important reason for this trend?a.Nursing as a career has gained increased status and prestige.b.Nursing salaries have outpaced many other fields.c.A nursing career provides both job security and meaningfulemployment.d.Working conditions in nursing have improved.ANS: CFeedbackAWhile true, nursings increased status and prestige is not a significantfactor in the trend of people choosing it as a second career.BSalary is not a major factor.CThe current appeal to men and women with degrees in other fields isthat nursing can provide job opportunities, economic security, and theopportunity to help others.DWorking conditions are not identified as a reason for choosing a secondcareer in nursing.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 3913.What specialty of nursing was considered well suited for men at a time when otherareas were excluding men from practicing?a.Obstetric nursingb.Pediatric nursingc.Psychiatric nursing

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d.Nurse educatorANS: CFeedbackAObstetric nursing was not considered an appropriate area for men innursing.BPediatric nursing was not considered an appropriate area for men innursing.CPsychiatric nursing was considered well suited for men because itrequired physical stamina and strength.DEducation was not a specialty considered well suited for men innursing.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 3714.When surveyed, what is the primary reason given by men for entering nursing?a.To make a differenceb.High salariesc.Flexible schedulesd.Opportunity for travelANS: AFeedbackAMen who want to make a difference in peoples lives find nursing anappealing career choiceBEconomic and job security are important factors for men enteringnursing, but more significant is the opportunity to make a difference inpeoples lives.CFlexible schedules, where provided, are an attractive incentive for

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employment, but that is not as significant as being able to make adifference in peoples lives.DOpportunity for travel is available for travel and military nurses,otherwise it is not an important aspect of nursing as a career.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 3815.What was the purpose of the Hill-Burton Act?a.It established funding for the construction of hospitals.b.It provided women in the service with military rank.c.It established and funded the Frontier Nursing Service.d.It created the Cadet Nurse Corps.ANS: AFeedbackAThe 1946 Hill-Burton Act provided funding for the construction ofhospitals.BCongress passed a bill in 1920 that allowed women to hold militaryrank.CThe Frontier Nursing Service, originally known as the KentuckyCommittee for Mothers and Babies, was established by MaryBreckinridge.DThe Cadet Nurse Corps was an alliance between military and collegiatenursing programs to train nurses and was funded by Congress.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 3316.When surveyed, which profession was chosen by the general public as highest inhonesty and ethics?a.Physician

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b.Pharmacistc.Nursed.AttorneyANS: CFeedbackAPhysicians were not ranked over nurses.BPharmacists were not ranked over nurses.CGallup polls from 1999 to 2010 rated nursing as the top profession inhonesty and ethics.DAttorneys were not ranked over nurses in honesty and ethics.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4017.In 2002 which major American corporation partnered with nursing to design amedia campaign to promote the image of nursing?a.Johnson & Johnsonb.Baxterc.Microsoftd.Wal-MartANS: AFeedbackAIn 2003 Johnson & Johnson began a $20 million campaignCampaignfor Nursings Futureto enhance the image of nursing, to recruit newnurses and educators, and to retain nurses.BBaxter did not launch a media campaign to promote the image ofnursing.

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CMicrosoft did not launch a media campaign to promote the image ofnursing.DWal-Mart did not launch a media campaign to promote the image ofnursing.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4018.A shift in population growth is expected to place stress on nursing resources.Which age-group is expected to experience the greatest population growth in the nextdecade?a.Older than 85 years of ageb.75 to 85 years of agec.35 to 65 years of aged.18 to 35 years of ageANS: AFeedbackAPeople older than 85 years, known as the very old, represent the fastest-growing segment of the total population.BAlthough the 75 to 85 age-group is growing, it is not the fastest-growing segment of the population.CThe group of individuals 35 to 65 years of age is not expected to growas dramatically as is the group termed very old.DThe 18 to 35 age-group is not expected to be the fastest-growingsegment of the population in the next decade.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4219.In which practice area was the first clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role developed?

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a.Mother-babyb.Psychiatric nursingc.Intensive care nursingd.Emergency nursingANS: BFeedbackAThe first CNS role was developed in psychiatric nursing in the 1960s.BThe first CNS role was developed in psychiatric nursing in the 1960s.CThe first CNS role was developed in psychiatric nursing in the 1960s.DThe first CNS role was developed in psychiatric nursing in the 1960s.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 3420.Which of the following was an unsuccessful attempt by the American MedicalAssociation (AMA) to alleviate the nursing shortage of the time?a.Creation of the nurse manager positionb.Creation of the registered care technicianc.Recruitment of RNs from English-speaking countriesd.Redistribution of qualified nurses to certain geographic locationsANS: BFeedbackAThe nurse manager position was not created by the AMA.BIn response to the nursing shortage in the late 1980s, the AMAproposed a nurse extender called the registered care technician.

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CThe recruitment of foreign nurses was not a proposal of the AMA.DTravel nursing was not a proposal of the AMA.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4721.The first trained nurse in the United States graduated in 1873 and later became thesupervisor of the Boston Training School. Who was this nurse?a.Mary Ann Bickerdykeb.Dorothea Dixc.Linda Richardsd.Sallie ThompkinsANS: CFeedbackAMary Ann Bickerdyke was an uneducated widow who organized thecamp hospital in Cairo, Illinois, during the Civil War.BDorothea Dix, a well-known advocate for the mentally ill, wasinstrumental in creating a month-long training program in two NewYork hospitals to train women wishing to serve in the Civil War.CIn 1872 Linda Richards became the first student to enroll in theinaugural class of five students in the first American nurses trainingschool run by Dr. Susan Dimock. She graduated 1 year later.DSallie Thompkins established a hospital in Richmond, Virginia, andwas commissioned a captain of Cavalry, unassigned by ConfederatePresident Jefferson Davis.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2622.During the Great Depression, staffing of hospitals changed with an impact lastingto the current day. What was this change?

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a.The employment of graduate nurses in hospitalsb.The need for increased private duty nurses and rural health nursesdecreased the number of nurses seeking employment in hospitalsc.The opening of more schools of nursing in hospitalsd.The increased number of collegiate schools of nursing, which allowedhospitals to increase the educational requirements for the staffANS: AFeedbackAHospitals were forced to close their schools of nursing; families wereno longer able to afford private duty nurses in their homes; andhospitals hired the unemployed graduate nurses to care for theincreased numbers of patients seeking care in hospitals.BAlthough there was a need for nurses in rural areas supported by theCivil Works Administration, the number of private duty nursesdecreased due to the inability of families to afford them.CFor economical reasons, hospitals could not afford to fund schools ofnursing.DAlthough the number of collegiate schools increased, most nurses inhospitals were prepared in diploma programs.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 3223.What was the most important influence of war on nursing?a.It allowed for the development of hospitals.b.Nurses were able to perform medical procedures during war.c.Improved medical care increased soldiers survival rates.d.It provided for the creation of new technology to make work easier.ANS: B

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FeedbackAWars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession.Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding toneeds during wartime.BWars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession.Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding toneeds during wartime.CWars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession.Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding toneeds during wartime.DWars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession.Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding toneeds during wartime.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 3424.Florence Nightingale is often credited as being the first nurse researcher. Thisdesignation is based ona.her methods of reorganizing British hospitals.b.her use of data on the morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals inScutari.c.demonstration that trained nurses provided better nursing care.d.publication ofNotesonNursing,the first scholarly nursing publication.ANS: BFeedbackAAlthough Nightingale reformed both the British Army and Britishcivilian hospitals on the basis of data she collected, the reformationswere not researched.BNightingale was educated in statistics and used the detailed datacollected to effectively argue the case for the reform of the British

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