Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing, 1st Edition

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Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 11. Anurseisstrivingtopracticepatient-centeredcareatahospital.Whichactionbestexemplifiesprovidingpatient-centeredcare?A)Havingaclientcompleteaself-reportedfunctionalstatusindicatorandthenreviewingitwiththeclientB)Explainingtoaclientthebenefitsofcomputer-assistedroboticsurgicaltechniques,whichthehospitalrecentlyimplementedC)Recordingaclient'ssignsandsymptomsinanelectronichealthrecordD)PerformingcontinuousglucosemonitoringofaclientwhiletheclientisinthehospitalAns:AFeedback:Patient-centeredcareconsidersculturaltraditions,personalpreferences,values,families,andlifestyles.Clientsbecomeactiveparticipantsintheirowncare,andmonitoringhealthbecomestheclient'sresponsibility.Tohelpclientsandtheirhealthcareprovidersmakebetterdecisions,theAgencyforHealthcareResearchandQuality(AHRQ)hasdevelopedaseriesoftoolsthatempowerclientsandassistprovidersinachievingdesiredoutcomes,includingclient-reportedfunctionalstatusindicators.Computer-assistedroboticsurgicaltechniques,electronichealthrecords,andcontinuousglucosemonitoringinthehospitalarealltechnologicaladvancesinhealthcare,buttheydonothelptheclientbecomeamoreactiveparticipantinhisorhercare,andthusarenotgoodexamplesofpatient-centeredcare.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 22. Anurseiscaringforanolderclientwhoisstrugglingtomanagehertype2diabetesmellitus.Thenurseshouldrecognizewhichsocialdeterminantsofthisclient'shealth?(Selectallthatapply.)A)Householdincomeof$23,000peryearB)ReadinglevelofathirdgraderC)MedicationineffectiveduetoerrorinprescriptionD)OriginallyfromSudanE)NofamilyintheareaAns:A,B,D,EFeedback:Thesocialconditionsinwhichpeoplelive,theirincome,socialstatus,education,literacy,homeandworkenvironment,supportnetworks,gender,culture,andavailabilityofhealthservicesarethesocialdeterminantsofhealth.Theseconditionshaveanimpactontheextenttowhichapersonorcommunitypossessesthephysical,social,andpersonalresourcesnecessarytoattainandmaintainhealth.Amedicalerroronthepartoftheclient'sprimarycareproviderornursewouldnotconstituteasocialdeterminantoftheclient'shealth.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 33. Anursesuccessfullypersuadesanobeseclienttoperformaweeklyweigh-inathomeusingadigitalscaleandrecordtheweightinalog.Thisstrategyisanexampleof:Page1

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A)TelehealthB)HealthinformationtechnologyC)PersonalresponsibilityforhealthD)Evidence-basednursingAns:CFeedback:Personalresponsibilityforhealthinvolvesactiveparticipationinone'sownhealththrougheducationandlifestylechanges.Inthiscase,theclientmakesapositivechangeinlifestylebymonitoringbodyweightweekly.Telehealthistheuseofelectronicinformationandtelecommunicationstechnologiestosupportlong-distanceclinicalhealthcare,clientandprofessionalhealth-relatededucation,publichealth,andhealthadministration.Healthinformationtechnology(HIT)isdefinedasthecomprehensivemanagementofhealthinformationanditsexchangebetweenconsumers,providers,government,andinsurersinasecuremanner.Evidence-basednursingistheintegrationofthebestevidenceavailablewithclinicalexpertiseandthevaluesoftheclienttoincreasethequalityofcare.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 44. Anurseperformsavarietyoftasksaspartofthenurse'spositionatahospital.Whichtaskbestexemplifiespublichealth?A)ReadingcurrentnursingjournalsandintegratingthelatestresearchintodailypracticeB)InstructingaclientonhowtobestcareforasuturesiteathomeC)ParticipatinginavideoconferencecallwithaclientwholivesinaremoteareaD)Facilitatingacommunity-widesmokingcessationprogramonemonthoutoftheyearAns:DFeedback:Publichealthiswhatsocietydoescollectivelytoensuretheconditionsexistinwhichpeoplecanbehealthy.Acommunity-widesmokingcessationprogramisagreatexampleofapublichealthintervention,inthatitinvolvesthecollectiveeffortofsocietytoimprovethehealthofitsmembers.Readingandapplyingthelatestnursingresearchisanexampleofevidence-basednursing.Instructingaclientonhowtobestcareforasuturesiteathomeisanexampleofpersonalresponsibilityforhealth,butitisnotfocusedonthehealthofthegreatercommunity.Participatinginavideoconferencecallwithaclientwholivesinaremoteareaisanexampleofpatient-centeredcareandofaneffectiveimplementationoftechnology,butitisnotparticularlyrelatedtopublichealth.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 55. Publichealthnursingisdistinguishedfromotherspecialtiesbyadherencetoeightprinciples.Whichisoneoftheeightdomainsofpublichealthnursingpractice?A)AnalyticassessmentskillsB)InvestigationofdiseaseC)Referralandfollow-upD)CasemanagementAns:APage2

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Feedback:Theeightdomainsofpublichealthnursingpracticeareasfollows:Analyticassessmentskills,policydevelopmentandprogramplanningskills,communicationskills,culturalcompetencyskills,communitydimensionsofpracticeskills,publichealthscienceskills,financialplanningandmanagementskills,andleadershipandsystemsthinkingskills.Investigationofdisease,referralandfollow-up,andcasemanagementareallpublichealthnursinginterventionsbutarenotdomainsofpublichealthnursingpractice.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 66. Publichealthnursingisdistinguishedfromotherspecialtiesbyadherencetoeightprinciples.Whichisoneoftheeightdomainsofpublichealthnursingpractice?A)PolicydevelopmentandindividualplanningskillsB)IndividualdimensionsofpracticeskillsC)FinancialplanningandmanagementskillsD)LeadershipandindividualcriticalthinkingskillsAns:CFeedback:Theeightdomainsofpublichealthnursingpracticeareasfollows:Analyticassessmentskills,policydevelopmentandprogramplanningskills,communicationskills,culturalcompetencyskills,communitydimensionsofpracticeskills,publichealthscienceskills,financialplanningandmanagementskills,andleadershipandsystemsthinkingskills.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 77. Publichealthnursingisdistinguishedfromotherspecialtiesbyadherencetoeightprinciples.Whicharedomainsofpublichealthnursingpractice?(Selectallthatapply.)A)IntuitiveassessmentskillsB)CommunityorganizationskillsC)CommunicationskillsD)CulturalcompetencyskillsE)ProductmarketingskillsAns:C,DFeedback:Theeightdomainsofpublichealthnursingpracticeareasfollows:Analyticassessmentskills,policydevelopmentandprogramplanningskills,communicationskills,culturalcompetencyskills,communitydimensionsofpracticeskills,publichealthscienceskills,financialplanningandmanagementskills,andleadershipandsystemsthinkingskills.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 88. WhichwasadutyperformedbydistrictnursesinLiverpool,England,in1865?A)UseepidemiologicknowledgeandmethodsB)EncouragecommunityorganizationC)ReportfactstoandaskquestionsofphysiciansD)AssistphysicianswithsurgeryinthenewlyconstructedhospitalsPage3

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Ans:CFeedback:DutiesofdistrictnursesinLiverpool,England,in1865includedthefollowing:Investigatenewreferralsassoonaspossible;reporttothesuperintendentsituationsinwhichadditionalfoodorreliefwouldimproverecovery;reportneglectofclientsbyfamilyorfriendstothesuperintendent;assistphysicianswithsurgeryinthehome;maintainaclean,unclutteredhomeenvironmentandtendfiresforheat;teachtheclientandfamilyaboutcleanliness,ventilation,givingoffoodandmedications,andobediencetothephysician'sorders;setanexamplefor“neatness,order,sobriety,andobedience”;holdfamilymattersinconfidence;avoidinterferencewiththereligiousopinionsandbeliefsofclientsandothers;reportfactstoandaskquestionsofphysicians;andrefertheacutelyilltohospitalsandthechronicallyill,poorwithoutfamilytoinfirmaries.Usingepidemiologicknowledgeandmethodsandencouragingcommunityorganizationareprinciplesofpublichealthtoday,notdutiesofdistrictnursesinEnglandin1865.Nursesatthattimeassistedphysicianswithsurgeryinthehome,notinnewlyconstructedhospitals.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 99. WhichisaHealthy People 2020goal?A)Decreasetheincidenceofpreventabledisease,disability,injury,andprematuredeathB)Reducehealthinequity,decreasedisparities,andimprovethehealthofcertaingroupsC)CreatesocialandphysicalenvironmentsthatpromotegoodhealthforallD)PromotehealthydevelopmentandhealthybehaviorsforthegeriatricstageoflifeAns:CFeedback:TheHealthy People 2020goalsareasfollows:attainhigh-quality,longerlivesfreeofpreventabledisease,disability,injury,andprematuredeath(notjusttodecreasetheincidenceofthese);achievehealthequity,eliminatedisparities,andimprovethehealthofallgroups;createsocialandphysicalenvironmentsthatpromotegoodhealthforall;andpromotehealthydevelopmentandhealthybehaviorsacrosseverystageoflife,notjustolderadults.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1010. Anurseiscoordinatingaplantobringvaccinationsinacost-effectivewaytoaruralcommunitythatcurrentlylacksaccesstothem.Thisisanexampleofwhichpublichealthintervention?A)SurveillanceB)OutreachC)ScreeningD)CasemanagementAns:DFeedback:Intheinterventionofcasemanagement,thenursecoordinatesaplanorprocesstobringhealthservicesandtheself-carecapabilitiesoftheclienttogetherasacommonwholeinPage4

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acost-effectiveway.Intheinterventionofsurveillance,thenursemonitorshealtheventsthroughongoing,systematiccollection,analysis,andinterpretationofhealthdataforplanning,implementing,andevaluatingpublichealthinterventions.Intheinterventionofoutreach,thenurselocatespopulationsatrisk,providesinformation,identifiespossibleactions,andidentifiesaccesstoservices.Intheinterventionofscreening,thenurseidentifiesindividualswithunrecognizedriskfactorsorasymptomaticconditions.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1111. Thenurseislocatingpopulationsinherregionwhoareexposedtolead-basedpaintandprovidingthemwithinformationregardingthedangersofleadpoisoning.Thisisanexampleofwhichpublichealthintervention?A)SurveillanceB)OutreachC)ScreeningD)CasemanagementAns:BFeedback:Intheinterventionofoutreach,thenurselocatespopulationsatrisk,providesinformation,identifiespossibleactions,andidentifiesaccesstoservices,whichiswhatthenurseisdoinginthissituation.Intheinterventionofsurveillance,thenursemonitorshealtheventsthroughongoing,systematiccollection,analysis,andinterpretationofhealthdataforplanning,implementing,andevaluatingpublichealthinterventions.Intheinterventionofscreening,thenurseidentifiesindividualswithunrecognizedriskfactorsorasymptomaticconditions.Intheinterventionofcasemanagement,thenursecoordinatesaplanorprocesstobringhealthservicesandtheself-carecapabilitiesoftheclienttogetherasacommonwholeinacost-effectiveway.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1212. SelectthegreatpublichealthachievementsintheUnitedStatesinthe20thcentury.(Selectallthatapply.)A)EliminationofcommoninfectiousdiseasesB)RecognitionoftobaccoasahealthhazardC)FluoridationofdrinkingwaterD)HealthiermothersandbabiesE)DeclineinthepercentageofobeseandoverweightpeopleAns:B,C,DFeedback:GreatpublichealthachievementsintheUnitedStatesinthe20thcenturyincludethefollowing:control(notelimination)ofcommoninfectiousdiseases;recognitionoftobaccoasahealthhazard;fluoridationofdrinkingwater;andhealthiermothersandbabies.Thepercentageofoverweightandobesepeopleincreasedoverthecourseofthe20thcenturyandcontinuestoincreasetoday.Page5

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Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1313. Demographiccharacteristicsindicatethatpeopleindevelopedcountriesarelivinglonger,healthierlives,yettremendoushealthandsocialdisparitiesexist.Whichdescribessocialdeterminantsofhealth?A)WhatsocietydoescollectivelytoensuretheconditionsexistinwhichpeoplecanbehealthyB)SocialconditionsinwhichpeopleliveandworkC)ContextofpreventingdiseaseanddisabilityandpromotingandprotectingthehealthoftheentirecommunityD)Comprehensivemanagementofhealthinformationanditssecureexchangebetweenconsumers,providers,governmentandqualityentities,andinsurersAns:BFeedback:Socialdeterminantsofhealtharethesocialconditionsinwhichpeopleliveandwork.Healthinformationtechnologyisthecomprehensivemanagementofhealthinformationanditssecureexchangebetweenconsumers,providers,governmentandqualityentities,andinsurers.Publichealthiswhatsocietydoescollectivelytoensuretheconditionsexistinwhichpeoplecanbehealthy.Publichealthnursingisapopulation-basedpractice,definedasasynthesisofnursingandpublichealthwithinthecontextofpreventingdiseaseanddisabilityandpromotingandprotectingthehealthoftheentirecommunity.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1414. Whyisthereanincreasinguseofhomemonitoringdevices?(Selectallthatapply.)A)RisingnumberofpeoplewithacuteconditionsB)IncreasedneedtodeliverhealthcaretomedicallyunderservedpopulationsC)Advancesintechnologytoassessclients'conditionsintheirhomeD)PerformingassessmentsinrealtimeusingInternetvideosystemsE)DeclineinthenumberofolderadultsAns:B,C,DFeedback:Homemonitoringdevicesarebecomingnecessities,dueinparttotheagingpopulation,therisingnumberofpeoplewithchronic(notacute)conditions,andtheneedtoincreasehealthcaredeliverytomedicallyunderservedpopulations.Advancesintechnology,specificallymedicaldevices,sensors,andhigh-speedtelecommunicationnetworks,havemadeitpossibletoassessclients'conditionsremotelyintheirhomes,eitherbystoringinformationforlateraccessorbyperformingassessmentsinrealtimeusingInternetvideosystems.ThenumberofolderadultsintheUnitedStatesisincreasing,notdeclining.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1515. Personalresponsibilityforhealthinvolvesactiveparticipationinone'sownhealththrougheducationandlifestylechanges.Whichexemplifypersonalresponsibility?(Selectallthatapply.)Page6

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A)Reviewingone'sownmedicalrecordsB)Monitoringthepositiveandnegativeeffectsofprescriptionandover-the-countermedicationsC)AvoidingtobaccoandrecreationaldruguseD)ShowingupforscheduledtestsandproceduresE)EatingthetypesoffoodsonemostenjoysAns:A,B,C,DFeedback:Personalresponsibilityforhealthinvolvesactiveparticipationinone'sownhealththrougheducationandlifestylechanges.Itincludesresponsibilityforreviewingone'sownmedicalrecordsandmonitoringboththepositiveandnegativeeffectsofprescriptionandover-the-countermedications.Itmeansshowingupforscheduledtestsandproceduresandavoidingtobaccoandrecreationaldruguse.Eatingthetypesoffoodsonemostenjoysisnotnecessarilyresponsible,ifonemostenjoysfoodsthatdonotmeetdietaryrecommendations.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1616. Whyhastherebeenanincreaseinthenumberofacuteandchronicallyillpeopleresidinginthecommunitywhoneedprofessionalnursingcare?A)Shorterlengthofstayinlong-termcarefacilitiesB)IncreaseinambulatorysurgeryC)DecreaseintheuseofoutpatientclinicsD)IncreaseinlengthofstayinemergencydepartmentsAns:BFeedback:Theshorterlengthofstayinacutecare(notlong-termcare)facilities,aswellastheincreaseinambulatorysurgeryandoutpatientclinics,hasresultedinmoreacuteandchronicallyillpeopleresidinginthecommunitywhoneedprofessionalnursingcare.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1717. Whichorganizationpublishesandarticulatestheessentialsofpublichealthnursing,includingtheactivitiesandaccountabilitiesthatarecharacteristicsofpracticeatalllevelsandsettings?A)AssociationofCommunityHealthNurseEducators(ACHNE)B)AmericanNursesAssociation(ANA)C)AmericanPublicHealthAssociation(APHA)D)AssociationofStateandTerritorialDirectorsofNursing(ASTDN)Ans:BFeedback:TheAmericanNursesAssociation(ANA)setsthescopeandstandardsforallprofessionalpractice.ThepublicationPublic Health Nursing: Scope and Standards ofPracticearticulatestheessentialsofpublichealthnursing,includingtheactivitiesandaccountabilitiesthatarecharacteristicofpracticeatalllevelsandsettings.TheQuadCouncilofPublicHealthNursingOrganizationsisanallianceoffournationalnursingPage7

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organizationsthataddressespublichealthnursingissuesintheUnitedStates,composedofthefollowing:AssociationofCommunityHealthNurseEducators(ACHNE),ANA'sCongressonNursingPracticeandEconomics(CNPE),AmericanPublicHealthAssociation(APHA)–PublicHealthNursingSection,andAssociationofStateandTerritorialDirectorsofNursing(ASTDN).Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1818. Ahighschoolgraduatehasdecidedtopursueacareerinpublichealthnursing.Whichrepresentstheminimumeducationalcredentialthatthisstudentwillneedtoobtainentryintopublichealthnursingpractice?A)Associate'sB)BaccalaureateC)Master'sD)DoctorateAns:BFeedback:Thebaccalaureatedegreeinnursingistheeducationalcredentialrequiredforentryintopublichealthnursingpractice.Master'sleveleducation,withspecificexpertiseinpopulation-focusedcare,isrequiredforadvancedpracticeorspecialistpractice.Registerednursesandlicensedpracticalnurseswithadiplomaorassociate'sdegreemayappropriatelypracticeincommunitysettingswherecareisdirectedtowardthehealthorillnessofindividualclientsorfamiliesratherthanpopulations.Adoctoratedegreeinnursingmayberequiredforacademicandresearchpositionsassociatedwithpublichealthnursing.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 1919. WhopreparedareportfortheMassachusettsSanitaryCommissionthatpointedoutthatmuchoftheillhealthanddisabilityinAmericancitiesin1850couldbetracedtounsanitaryconditions?A)ClaraBartonB)DorotheaDixC)LemuelShattuckD)LillianWaldAns:CFeedback:LemuelShattuckpreparedareportfortheMassachusettsSanitaryCommissionthatpointedoutthatmuchoftheillhealthanddisabilityinAmericancitiesin1850couldbetracedtounsanitaryconditions.ClaraBartonachievedwidespreadrecognitionduringtheCivilWar,distributingsuppliestowoundedsoldiersandcaringforthecasualtieswiththehelpofherteamofnurses.DorotheaDixwasalsoanAmericanpoliticalactivistinthe19thcenturywhobecameawareofthedreadfulconditionsinprisonsandmentalhospitals,andshevigorouslylobbiedstateandfederalofficialstoremedythesituation.LillianWaldwasthefounderofpublichealthnursing.Page8

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Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 2020. WhoachievedwidespreadrecognitionduringtheCivilWar,distributingsuppliestowoundedsoldiersandcaringforthecasualtieswiththehelpofateamofnurses?A)ClaraBartonB)DorotheaDixC)LemuelShattuckD)LillianWaldAns:AFeedback:ClaraBartonachievedwidespreadrecognitionduringtheCivilWar,distributingsuppliestowoundedsoldiersandcaringforthecasualtieswiththehelpofherteamofnurses.DorotheaDixwasalsoanAmericanpoliticalactivistinthe19thcenturywhobecameawareofthedreadfulconditionsinprisonsandmentalhospitals,andshevigorouslylobbiedstateandfederalofficialstoremedythesituation.LemuelShattuckpreparedareportfortheMassachusettsSanitaryCommissionthatpointedoutthatmuchoftheillhealthanddisabilityinAmericancitiesin1850couldbetracedtounsanitaryconditions.LillianWaldwasthefounderofpublichealthnursing.Origin: Chapter 1- Public Health Nursing, 2121. Whichcorefunctionsofthegovernmentaddressthehealthofitscitizens?(Selectallthatapply.)A)ProvidinghealthcaredirectlytoitscitizensB)AssessinghealthcareproblemsC)DevelopinghealthcarepolicythatprovidesaccesstoservicesD)Buildingstate-of-the-arthospitalsE)EnsuringdeliveryofhealthcareservicesandachievementofdesiredoutcomesAns:B,C,EFeedback:Agovernmenthasthreecorefunctionsinaddressingthehealthofitscitizens:(1)itassesseshealthcareproblems,(2)intervenesbydevelopingrelevanthealthcarepolicythatprovidesaccesstoservices,and(3)ensuresthatservicesaredeliveredandoutcomesachieved.Althoughsomegovernmentagencies,suchastheU.S.DepartmentofVeteransAffairs,doprovidehealthcaredirectlytocitizens,thisisnotacorefunctionofthegovernment.Buildingstate-of-the-arthospitalsisnotacorefunctionofgovernment,either.Page9

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Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 11. WhichcharacterizesphysiciansinFrance?A)PhysiciansareevenlydistributedbetweenruralandurbanareasB)About40%ofphysiciansarewomenC)Physicianvisitscantake15to30minutesD)Physiciansseeabout15clientsadayAns:CFeedback:CharacteristicsofphysiciansinFranceincludethatphysiciansareunevenlydistributedbetweenruralandurbanareas;about50%ofphysiciansarewomen;physicianvisitscantake15to30minutes;andphysiciansseeabout10clientsperday.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 22. Anurseisinterestedinexploringinitiativesrelatedtohealth,poverty,anddevelopmentinAfrica.Whichorganizationwouldmostlikelybeinvolvedinsuchaninitiative?A)BillandMelindaGatesFoundationB)LivingProofProjectC)InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossD)OxfamInternationalAns:AFeedback:PhilanthropiesareorganizationsthataresimilartoNGOsbuttheyreceivefundingthroughpersonalendowments.Forexample,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundationfocusesonhealth,poverty,anddevelopmentinAfrica,SouthAmerica,Asia,andAustralia.TheLivingProofProjectsupportsvaccineandnutritionprograms,aswellasdecreasingtheincidenceofdiseasessuchaspolio,HIV/AIDS,andtropicalillnesses.NongovernmentalorganizationsareprivateagenciesthatvoluntarilyusetheirresourcestoaddressavarietyofhealthcareinitiativesintheUnitedStates.TheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossisknownmostforitsroleindisasterrelief.OxfamInternationalfocusesspecificallyonissuesrelatedtohungerandnutritionalhealth.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 33. Whichbestdescribesanongovernmentalorganization?A)AgencythatisbasedinonlyonecountrybutprovidesservicestomanyothercountriesB)AgencythatacquiresresourcestohelpothersfromprivateratherthanpublicsourcesC)AgroupthatcollectsdatarelatedtohealthcareuseacrossavarietyofprofessionalandserviceparametersD)Anorganizationthatusesendowedfundsorprivatefundraisingtoaddresstheneedsofindividuals,families,andpopulationsAns:BFeedback:Anongovernmentalorganizationisanagencythatacquiresresourcestohelpothersfromprivateratherthanpublicsources.Abilateralagencyisonethatisbasedinonlyonecountrybutprovidesservicestomanyothercountries.OrganizationforEconomicPage1

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CooperationandDevelopmentisagroupthatcollectsdatarelatedtohealthcareuseacrossavarietyofprofessionalandserviceparameters.Aphilanthropicorganizationisonethatusesendowedfundsorprivatefundraisingtoaddresstheneedsofindividuals,families,andpopulations.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 44. Whichbestexemplifiesabilateralagency?A)TheUnitedNationsB)TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)C)TheWorldBankD)TheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID)Ans:DFeedback:Bilateralagenciesandorganizationsconducttheirserviceswithinonespecificcountry.USAIDisagoodexampleintheUnitedStates.Itisacommittedinitiativethatworkswithdevelopingcountriestoenhancesystemstofortifythehealthandwelfareofinternationalpopulations.Multilateralagenciesandorganizationsreceivefundingfrombothgovernmentalandnongovernmentalsources.ExamplesofmultilateralagenciesincludetheUnitedNationsandtheWHO.TheWorldBankisanothermultilateralorganization.Itsmajorgoalistolendmoneytocountriesinneedofdevelopingtheirinfrastructureonavarietyoffronts.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 55. WhichpublichealthentitiesareoftenregulatedbytheU.S.federalgovernment?(Selectallthatapply.)A)FoodB)MedicationsC)SchoolhealthD)DevicesE)EnvironmentAns:A,B,D,EFeedback:Thefederalgovernmentplaysanimportantroleintheregulationofpublichealth.Publichealthentitiesofregulationareoftenrelatedto(1)food,(2)drugs,(3)devices,(4)occupationhealth,and(5)theenvironmentthroughtheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.Schoolhealthistypicallyregulatedbystateandlocalgovernments,notthefederalgovernment.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 66. Anurseiscoordinatinganinitiativeinthecommunitytomakesurethatthehealthcareneedsoflocalrefugeesandasyleesarerecognizedandaddressed.Whichfederalagencyshouldthisnursecontact,asitisdirectlyinvolvedwiththehealthandhealthcareofrefugeesandasyleesintheUnitedStates?Page2

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A)UnitedStatesDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesB)NationalInstitutesofHealthC)AgencyforHealthcareResearchandQualityD)CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionAns:AFeedback:TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesisthefederalagencythatisdirectlyinvolvedwiththehealthandhealthcareofU.S.citizensorrefugees/asylees.TheNationalInstitutesofHealth,AgencyforHealthcareResearchandQuality,andCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionarethreeimportantorganizationsinwhichresearchisundertakenandusedeffectivelytoaddresskeyhealthcareconcernssuchasHIVscreeningandcare,addressadverseeventsinhospitalsettings,andpromotemeasurestodecreasetheratesofemerginginfectiousdiseases.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 77. WhichbestexemplifiesapublichealthgoalintheUnitedStates?A)Torestoretheabilityofan80-year-oldtoperformactivitiesofdailylivingafterastrokeB)Tolobbyforlegislationthatensurestheaccessibilitytohealthinsuranceonthebasisofone'shealthC)TodeveloptreatmentstoaddresssymptomsrelatedtochemotherapyD)Toestablishafreeexerciseprogramatacommunitycentertopromotefitnessinalow-incomeneighborhoodwithhighobesityratesAns:DFeedback:Itisimportanttoreviewseveralkeycomponentsofthefunctionpublichealthservesthroughkeyinitiatives,includinganationalconsensusongoals,provisionofsystemsofhealthinsurancebasedonrisk,notnecessarilyhealth,andtheroleofnongovernmentaldiseasepreventionandhealthpromotion.IntheUnitedStates,publichealthcareincludesdiseasepreventionandhealthpromotionbasedonscienceandculturalrelevance.Itisnotfocusedonthehealthoftheindividualpersonbutofthelargerpopulation.Thegoalofpublichealthcareistokeeppopulationshealthythroughalarger“reach”thanconnectionattheindividuallevel.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 88. IntheUnitedStates,thesystemofhealthcarehashistoricallygivenandcontinuestogivestrongersupporttowhichtypesofcare?A)IndividualcarewithafocusoncureB)CommunitycarewithafocusoncureC)IndividualcarewithafocusonpreventionD)CommunitycarewithafocusonpreventionAns:AFeedback:TheUnitedStatesanditssystemofhealthcarehavehistoricallygivenandcontinuetogivestrongersupporttoindividualratherthancommunitycareandcureratherthanPage3

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prevention.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 99. Anurseworkspredominantlywithclientswhoareactivemilitarypersonnel.Whichpublicallyfundedprogramprovideshealthbenefitstothispopulation?A)MedicareB)MedicaidC)TRICARED)CHIPAns:CFeedback:FundingforthehealthcaresystemintheUnitedStatescomesprimarilyfromprivatelyownedhealthinsurancecompanies.Exceptionsincludeprogramsthatarepublicallyfunded,suchasMedicare,Medicaid,TRICARE(civilianhealthbenefitsformilitarypersonnel,retirees,anddependents),Children'sHealthandInsuranceProgram(CHIP),andVeteransHealthAdministration.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 1010. Whichbestdescribesaphilanthropicorganization?A)AgencythatisbasedinonlyonecountrybutprovidesservicestomanyothercountriesB)AgencythatacquiresresourcestohelpothersfromprivateratherthanpublicsourcesC)AgroupthatcollectsdatarelatedtohealthcareuseacrossavarietyofprofessionalandserviceparametersD)Anorganizationthatusesendowedfundsorprivatefundraisingtoaddresstheneedsofindividuals,families,andpopulationsAns:DFeedback:Aphilanthropicorganizationisonethatusesendowedfundsorprivatefundraisingtoaddresstheneedsofindividuals,families,andpopulations.Abilateralagencyisonethatisbasedinonlyonecountrybutprovidesservicestomanyothercountries.Anongovernmentalorganizationisonethatacquiresresourcestohelpothersfromprivateratherthanpublicsources.OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentisagroupthatcollectsdatarelatedtohealthcareuseacrossavarietyofprofessionalandserviceparameters.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 1111. Whichcountryspendsthemostonhealthcare?A)CanadaB)EnglandC)JapanD)UnitedStatesAns:DFeedback:Page4

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TheUnitedStatesspendsmoreonhealthcarethandoesanyotherindustrializedcountry.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 1212. WhichisthefastestgrowinghealthcareexpenditureintheUnitedStates?A)HealthcaretechnologyB)HospitalcareC)OutpatienttreatmentandsurgeryD)PrescriptionmedicationsAns:DFeedback:Althoughhospitalcareaccountsforthelargestshareofhealthcarespending,prescriptiondrugsarethefastestgrowinghealthcareexpenditure.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 1313. NationalHealthExpenditureAccountsareameasureofexpendituresonhealthcaregoodsandservicesintheUnitedStates.Inthemostrecentsetofestimates,expenditurestotaledwhatpercentageofU.S.healthspending?A)2B)3C)4D)5Ans:BFeedback:Governmentpublichealthactivityconstitutesanimportantservicecategory.Inthemostrecentsetofestimates,expenditurestotaled$56.1billionin2004,or3%oftotalU.S.healthspending(NationalHealthExpenditures,2013).Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 1414. Theclientisasinglemotheroftwowhoearnsminimumwageatapart-timejobandnevergraduatedfromhighschool.Whichhealthcare-relatedoutcomesistheclientatincreasedriskfor,basedonhercircumstances?(Selectallthatapply.)A)MorbidityB)MortalityC)GeneticdisorderD)DifficultyaccessingcareE)NegativeoutcomeswhenreceivingcareAns:A,B,D,EFeedback:MarginalizationoftenoccursinpeoplewholivebelowthepovertylevelintheUnitedStates,andthesepeoplefrequentlyarepoorlyeducated.Inthechaptersthatfollow,higherratesofmorbidity,mortality,difficultyinaccessingcare,andnegativeoutcomeswhenreceivingcare,willbeseenaskeyissuesinsuchpopulations.Thisclient'scircumstanceswouldnotincreaseherriskofexperiencingageneticdisorder.Page5

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Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 1515. TheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServiceshasidentifiedseveralareasforwhichhealthdisparitiesexistamongvariousdemographicgroupsandneedtobeaddressed.Whichareincludedamongtheseareas?(Selectallthatapply.)A)InfantmortalityB)CancerscreeningC)CardiovasculardiseaseD)DiabetesE)End-stagerenaldiseaseAns:A,B,C,DFeedback:TheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServiceshasidentifiedsixareasforwhichithasoversightandthatrequireefforttoreducedisparities.Theseareasare(1)infantmortality,(2)cancerscreening,(3)cardiovasculardisease,(4)diabetes,(5)HIV/AIDS,and(6)immunizations.End-stagerenaldiseaseisnotanareaoffocus.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 1616. AnurseintheCanadianhealthcaresystemisconcernedbecauseaclienthasbeendeniedasurgicalprocedurethatthenursebelievesisessentialtotheclient'srecovery.Whoshouldthenurseexpectwillhavethemostpowertoreversethisdecision?A)NursepractitionerB)PhysiciansC)PrivateinsurancecompanyD)HealthadministratorAns:DFeedback:ThemostpowerfulindividualsintheCanadianhealthcaresystemarenotphysiciansbuthealthadministrators,whoputanemphasisoncostefficiencyandsocialresponsibility.PrivateinsuranceexiststocoverservicesnotcoveredunderMedicare,suchasvisionneeds,dentalservices,andpharmaceuticalsfornonelderlypeople.Thistypeofprivateinsuranceisacquiredthroughemploymentcontributionsandrepresentsasmallportionoftotalhealthexpenditures(15%).Nursesandnursepractitionersareimportanttothecareofindividualsandcommunitiesbutplayalesserroleintheadministrationofpublichealthcare.Origin: Chapter 2- Public Health Systems, 1717. WhichischaracteristicoftheGermanhealthcaresystem?A)Healthinsurancepaymentsbasedonrisk,notincomeB)AmbulatorycareprovidedbycentralizednonprofithospitalsC)Anaveragehospitalstayof9daysD)NursepractitionersoperatingindependentlyAns:CPage6

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