Test Bank for Polit & Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research, 4th Edition (Chapters 1-18)

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TableofContentsChapter1.Introductionto NursingResearchinanEvidence-BasedPracticeEnvironmentChapter 2. Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Nursing PracticeChapter3.KeyConceptsandStepsinQuantitativeandQualitativeResearchChapter 4. Reading and Critiquing Research ArticlesChapter5.EthicsinResearchChapter 6. Research Problems, Research Questions, and HypothesesChapter7.FindingandReviewingResearchEvidenceintheLiteratureChapter 8. Theoretical and Conceptual FrameworksChapter9. QuantitativeResearchDesignChapter10.SamplingandDataCollectioninQuantitativeStudiesChapter 11. Qualitative Designs and ApproachesChapter 12. Sampling and Data Collection in Qualitative StudiesChapter13.MixedMethodsandOtherSpecialTypesofResearchChapter 14. Statistical Analysis of Quantitative DataChapter15.InterpretationandClinicalSignificanceinQuantitativeResearchChapter 16. Analysis of Qualitative DataChapter 17. Trustworthiness and Integrity in Qualitative ResearchChapter18.SystematicReviews:Meta-AnalysisandMetasynthesis

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Polit & Beck CanadianEssentials of NursingResearch 4th Edition WooTestBank2024/2025ANSWERSChapter1.IntroductiontoNursingResearchinanEvidence-BasedPracticeEnvironment1.Whatisthehighestpriorityfortheimportanceofresearchinthenursingprofession?A)Researchfindingsprovideevidenceforinformingnurses'decisionsandactions.B)Conductresearchtobetterunderstandthecontextofnursingpractice.C)Documenttherolethatnursesserveinsociety.D)Establishnursingresearchareasofstudy.2.Whichgroupwouldbebestservedbyclinicalnursingresearch?A)NursingadministratorsB)PracticingnursesC)Nurses'clientsD)Healthcarepolicymakers3.IntheUnitedStates,inwhatareadoesresearchplayanimportantroleinnursing?A)ChronicillnessB)CredentialingandstatusC)Nurses'personalitiesD)Nurses'education

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4.Whatistheroleofaconsumerofnursingresearch?A)Readresearchreportsforrelevantfindings.B)Participateingeneratingevidencebydoingresearch.C)Participateinjournalclubinapracticesetting.D)Solveclinicalproblemsandmakeclinicaldecisions.5.Whatwastheconcernofmostnursingstudiesintheearly1900s?A)ClientsatisfactionB)ClinicalproblemsC)HealthpromotionD)Nursingeducation6.Whichtopicmostcloselyconformstothepriorities that have been suggested for futurenursing research?A)Attitudesofnursingstudentstowardsmoking.B)Promotionofexcellenceinnursingscience.C)Nursingstaffmoraleandturnover.D)Numberofdoctoratepreparednursesinvariousclinicalspecialties.7.Whatistheprocessofdeductivereasoning?A)Verifyingassumptionsthatarepartofourheritage.B)Developingspecificpredictionsfromgeneralprinciples.C)Empiricallytestingobservationsthataremadeknownthroughoursenses.D)Forminggeneralizationsfromspecificobservations.8.Whatistheontologicalassumptionofthoseespousinganaturalisticparadigm?A)Objectiverealityandthosenaturalphenomenaareregularandorderly.

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B)Phenomenaarenothaphazardandresultfrompriorcauses.C)Realityismultiplyconstructedandmultiplyinterpretedbyhumans.D)Reality isnotfixed,butisratheraconstructionofhumanminds.9.Whatistheepistemologicalassumptionofthoseespousingapositivistparadigm?A)Theresearcherisobjectiveandindependentofthosebeingstudied.B)Phenomenaarenothaphazard,butratherhaveantecedentcauses.C)Theresearcherinstructsthosebeingstudiedtobeobjectiveinprovidinginformation.D)Reality isnotfixed,butisratheraconstructionofhumanminds.10.Whichisnotacharacteristicoftraditionalscientificmethod?A)Controloverexternalfactors.B)Systematicmeasurementandobservationofnaturalphenomena.C)Deductivereasoning.D)Emphasison aholisticviewofaphenomenon,studiedinarichcontext.11.Whatisempiricism?A)Makinggeneralizationsfromspecificobservations.B)Deducingspecificpredictionsfromgeneralizations.C)Gatheringevidencerootedinreality.D)Verifyingtheassumptionsonwhichthestudywasbased.12.Whatisahallmarkofthescientificmethod?A)InfallibleB)HolisticC)SystematicD)Flexible

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13.Whichofthefollowinglimitsthepowerofthe scientific method to answer questionsabout human life?A)Thenecessityofdepartingfromtraditionalbeliefs.B)Thedifficultyofaccuratelymeasuringcomplexhumantraits.C)Theinabilitytocontrolpotentialbiases.D)Theshortageoftheoriesabouthumanbehavior.14.Whatisacriticismofthescientificmethod?A)DeductiveB)DeterministicC)EmpiricalD)Reductionist15.Whatisinvolvedinnaturalisticqualitativeresearch?A)InvolvesdeductiveprocessesB)Takesplacesinthefield.C)Focusesontheidiosyncrasiesofthosebeingstudied.D)Attempts to controlthe research context tobetter understand the phenomenon beingstudied.16.Aresearcher wants to investigate the effect ofpatients' body position on blood pressure.Thisisanexampleofwhattypeofstudy?A)QualitativeB)ConstructivistinquiryC)QuantitativeD)Researcherpreferenceofeitherquantitativeorqualitative17.Aresearcher is studying the effect of massageon the alleviation of pain in cancer patients.Thisisanexampleofwhattypeofstudy?A)Descriptive

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B)ExploratoryC)AppliedD)Basic18.A researcher wants to study the process bywhich people make decisions about seekingtreatment for infertility. What is theresearcher's paradigmatic orientation?A)PositivismB)DeterminismC)EmpiricismD)Naturalism

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19.Whatisthecontinuumofparticipationonresearch?A)AcademicstopractitionersB)ConsumerstoproducersC)JournaliststoeducatorsD)Mentorstonovicenurses20.Whatisthegoalofexplanatoryresearch?A)Understandtheunderpinningsofnaturalphenomena and toexplainsystematicrelationships among them.B)Begins with the phenomenon of interest, butrather than simplyobservinganddescribingit, exploratory research investigates the fullnature of the phenomenon, the manner inwhich it is manifested, and the other factors towhichitisrelated.C)Studyphenomenaaboutwhichlittleisknown.D)Makepredictionsandtocontrolphenomenabasedonresearchfindings.AnswerKey1.A2.C3.B4.A5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A10.D11.C12.C13.B14.D15.B16.B17.C

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18.D19.B20.AChapter2.FundamentalsofEvidence-BasedNursingPractice1.Researchutilizationbeginswithempiricalfindings for consideration in practice settings.Where does evidence-based practice begin?A)IntegrationofclinicaljudgmentswithresearchevidenceB)AdesiretoabandondecisionsbasedoncustomandauthorityopinionC)AsearchforthebestpossibleinformationforaddressingaclinicalproblemD)Acritiqueofexistingpractices2.Whatisindirectresearchutilization?A)Involveschangesinnurses'thinkingB)InvolvesthedirectuseoffindingsingivingpatientcareC)InvolvesuseoffindingstopersuadeothersD)Involveschangesinpatientthinkingtowardnurses3.The student nurse is constructing apresentation on evidence-based practice.Whichstatement should be included in theintroductionaboutevidence-basedpractice?A)ConscientiousintegrationofcurrentbestevidencewithclinicalexpertiseB)UtilizationofnursingpreferencesinmakingclinicaldecisionsC)Theoreticalproblem-solvingstrategyD)Emphasisondecisionmakingbasedoncustom4.Evidence-based practice typically involvesweighing various types of evidence in aneffort to determine best evidence. Mostevidence hierarchies put whichsystematicreview at the pinnacle?A)Randomizedcontrolledtrials

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B)ProgramevaluationsC)ClinicalpracticeguidelinesD)Meta-analysesofmultipleclinicaltrials5.The terms research utilization and evidence-based practice are sometimes usedsynonymously. The two concepts are distinct.Where does research utilization start?A)Usesfindingsofastudythatarerelatedtothepreviousresearchofthetopic.B)Emphasisisontranslatinghistoricalknowledgeintoreal-worldapplications.C)Useof asetofstudiesinapracticalapplicationunrelatedtotheoriginalresearch.D)Critiqueofexistingpracticalapplicationsunrelatedtohistoricalresearch.6.Which activity will limit researchers toimprove the prospect for evidence-basedpracticeandresearchutilization?A)Conductinghigh-quality,methodologicallysoundstudiesB)DisseminatingresultstoabroadaudienceC)ProvidingperiodicalavailablesupportsduringregularworkhoursD)Discussingtheclinicalimplicationsoftheirstudy resultsintheirresearchreports7.Whichisnotamajorbarriertoevidence-basedpracticeinnursing?A)The fact that many clinical nurses are notacademically prepared to critically evaluatenursing research studiesB)The support of organizations that rewardnurses who engage in research utilizationeffortsC)ThelownumberofreplicationofnursingstudiesthatshowpromiseforutilizationD)Theabsenceofquality,clinicallyrelevantnursingstudies

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8.evidence-based practice. What are carebundles?A)RigorousintegrationsofresearchevidencefrommultiplestudiesofatopicB)Evidence-based clinical practice guidelinesthat combine a synthesis and appraisal ofresearchevidenceC)SetofinterventionstotreatorpreventaclusterofsymptomsD)Meta-analysisorquantitativemethodsthatintegratefindingsstatistically9.Thereareseveralresourcestosupportevidence-basedpractice.Whatismetasynthesis?A)Qualitative,narrativeapproachtointegrationofastudyB)QuantitativemethodthatintegratefindingsstatisticallyC)SynthesisandappraisalofresearchevidencewithspecificrecommendationsD)Setofinterventionstotreatorpreventaclusterofsymptoms10.Several models of evidence-based practicehave been developed. Which model focuseson the use of research from the perspective ofindividualclinicians?A)ARCCModelB)ClinicalNurseScholarModelC)IowaModelD)StetlerModel11.ARN is putting research into practice. Whatstep of the process is involved with thevalidityofstudyfindings?A)FramingananswerableclinicalquestionB)SearchingforrelevantresearchevidenceC)AppraisingtheevidenceD)Integratingevidencewithotherfactors

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12.Astudentnurseistryingtofindoutwhatamixedmethodssynthesisis.Whatisamixedmethodssynthesis?A)Integrateandsynthesizebothquantitativeandqualitativeevidence.B)Integratequantitativeevidence.C)Integrateandsynthesizequalitativeevidence.D)Integratequalitativeevidence.13.Systematic reviews are published inprofessional journals. Which databasecontains thousands of systematic reviewsrelated to healthcare interventions?A)CochraneDatabaseofSystematicReviewsB)CampbellCollaborationC)AgencyforHealthcareResearchandQualityD)JoannaBriggsInstitute14.Clinicalpracticeguidelinesdistillalargebody of evidence into a manageable form.Which describes clinical practice guidelines?A)Givegeneralrecommendationsforevidence-baseddecisionmaking.B)Addressalloftheissuesrelevanttoaclinicaldecision.C)Guideclinicalpracticewhenthereareanumberofpublishedarticles.D)Completedbyresearchers.15.Which reference is a comprehensive referenceresource that provides an array of clinicalinformation for nurses, including evidence-basedcare sheets, bestpractice guidelines,and point-of-care drug information?A)ClinicalEvidenceB)Evidence-basedNursingC)Worldviewson EvidenceBasedNursingD)NursingReferenceCenter16.Evidence-basedpracticewritersdistinguishbetween background and foregroundquestions. What is a background question?

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A)Basedoncurrentbestresearchevidence.B)Specific,detailedquestionsaboutaclinicalproblem.C)General,foundationalquestionsaboutaclinicalissue.D)Questionslocatedonwebsites.17.Fineout-Overholt and Johnston recommendeda 5-component scheme for formulatingevidence-based practice questions, using theacronym PICOT as a guide. Which twocomponentsare notalways needed inthismodel?A)PandCB)IandOC)C andTD)PandO18.Anurseisputtingresearchintopractice.Whatis the firststepthatshouldbeconsidered inthe process?A)FramingananswerableclinicalquestionB)SearchingforrelevantresearchevidenceC)AppraisingandsynthesizingtheevidenceD)Integratingevidencewithotherfactors19.Whichoccurswithindividualevidence-basedpracticeefforts?A)Tendtobelessformalizedapproachthanorganizationalevidence-basedpractice.B)Musttakeorganizationalfactorsintoaccount.C)Musttakeinterpersonalfactorsintoaccount.D)Triggersforanindividualprojectincludepressingclinicalproblems.20.Appraisal of Guidelines Research andEvaluation (AGREE) Instrument consists ofratingsofqualityonwhattypeofscale?A)4-pointscaleB)5-pointscaleC)6-pointscale

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D)7-pointscaleAnswerKey1.C2.A3.A4.A5.C6.C7.B8.C9.A10.D11.C12.A13.A14.B15.D16.C17.C18.A19.A20.AChapter3.KeyConceptsandStepsinQuantitativeandQualitativeResearch1.A pediatric RN undertakes a study of theeffect of low birth weight on infants' cognitivedevelopment. A developmental psychologistcollaborates on the study. A second RN helpsby recruiting families into thestudy. Agraduate student is asked to give statisticaladvice in analyzing the data. This is anexample of what type of study?A)MultisiteresearchB)QualitativeresearchC)FundedresearchD)Collaborativeresearch2.Whichtermisnotusedbyqualitativeresearchers to refer to people who participatein a study?

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A)InformantsB)KeyinformantsC)StudyparticipantsD)Subjects3.Whichtermisusedbybothqualitativeandquantitativeresearchers torefertotheabstractions under study?A)ConceptB)ConstructC)PhenomenonD)Variable4.TheRNisreadingaresearcharticle.Thearticle talks about constructs. Which wouldmost likely be called a construct?A)GenderB)BodytemperatureC)UncertaintyinillnessD)Bloodtype5.What is the dependent variable(s) in theresearch question “Is the quality of life ofnursing home residents affected bytheirfunctional ability or hearing acuity”?A)QualityoflifeB)FunctionalabilityC)HearingacuityD)Nursinghomeresidents6.What is the independent variable in thehypothesis “Baccalaureate degree preparednurses will practice more rehabilitativenursing measures on a client inanICU thanwill associate degree prepared nurses”?A)AssociatedegreepreparednursesB)BaccalaureatedegreepreparednursesC)RehabilitativenursingmeasuresD)Typeofeducationalbackgroundofnurses

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7.Whatisthepurposeofanoperationaldefinitioninaquantitativestudy?A)Statethetheoreticalmeaningoftheconcept.B)Specifyhow a variable willbe defined andmeasured.C)State the expected relationship between thevariables under investigation.D)Designatetheconceptualunderpinningsofthevariable.8.Whichisadatumfromaquantitativestudyofthe labor and deliveryexperiences of womenover age 40?A)LengthoftimeinlaborB)107ouncesC)Infant'sApgarscoreD)Vaginalversuscesareandelivery9.Whichisadatumfromaqualitativeresearchstudyon the labor and delivery experiences ofwomen over age 40?A)14.6hoursinlaborB)60-minuteinterviews1dayafterdeliveryC)“ItwasalotmorepainfulthanIeverimagined.”D)15womenwithavaginaldelivery10.Whichpairofvariablesistheremostlikelytobea relationship that could be described ascausal?A)DegreeofphysicalactivityandheartrateB)StressandcopingstyleC)AgeandhealthbeliefsD)Parityandpostpartumdepression11.Whatisthebasicdistinctioninquantitativestudies?A)QuantitativeandqualitativeresearchB)EmpiricalandnonempiricalresearchC)ExperimentalandnonexperimentalresearchD)Population-basedandsample-basedresearch

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12.Whichiswidelyusedbyquantitativenurseresearchers?A)AskresearchquestionsB)PhenomenologicalC)EthnographicD)Groundedtheory13.Whatistheresearchtraditionthatfocusesonunderstanding phenomena within a culturalcontext?A)ExperimentalB)PhenomenologicalC)EthnographicD)Groundedtheory14.Whatistheresearchtraditionthatisanapproach to understanding people's lifeexperiences?A)ExperimentalB)PhenomenologicalC)EthnographicD)Groundedtheory15.Whatisthestatementoftheresearcher'sexpectations or predictions aboutrelationships among study variables?A)HypothesisB)FrameworkC)ResearchquestionD)Conceptualdefinition16.Whatistheoverallplanforansweringtheresearchquestion?A)SamplingplanB)ProposalC)ProblemstatementD)Researchdesign

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17.Whatistheaggregateofthosetowhomaresearcher wishes to generalize study resultscalled?A)GatekeepersB)PopulationC)SampleD)Consumers18.Whatistheresearchdesigninqualitativestudiescalled?A)ExperimentalB)NarrativeC)InterpretiveD)Emergent19.Whereareregisterednursesmostlikelytofindresearchresults?A)ConferencepresentationsB)JournalarticlesC)BooksD)Dissertations20.Whatisincludedinthemethodssectionofastudy?A)Reviewoftheliterature.B)Namesofthestatisticalteststhataregoingtobeused.C)Strategiesusedtoaddresstheproblem.D)Discussionincludingrecommendationsfortheresearch.AnswerKey1.D2.D3.A4.C5.A6.D7.B

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8.B9.C10.A11.C12.A13.C14.B15.A16.D17.B18.D19.B20.CChapter4.ReadingandCritiquingResearchArticles1.Which electronic database is widelyrecognized as the premier source forbibliographic coverage of the biomedicalliterature?A)CINAHLB)HealthSource:Nursing/AcademicEditionC)ProQuestD)MEDLINE2.The RN is doing a basic search of articles onnurses' stress in the ICU. In conducting asubject search in an electronic database, whatshould the nurse type to initiate the search?A)Anauthor'snameB)RestrictionstothesearchC)AtopicorkeywordD)Amappingprocedure3.In an electronic literature search, what is theresearcher doing when she does not know theprecise keywords for retrieving informationonatopic?A)MappingB)SearchingC)RestrictingfocusD)Copying

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4.Whatisaprimarysourceforaresearchliteraturereview?A)Adescription of a studywritten byresearchers who did the studyB)AsummaryofrelevantresearchonthetopicofinterestC)AthesaurusthatdirectsreaderstosubjectheadingsgermanetothetopicD)Anyjournalarticleonatopicofinterest5.Thereareseveralstrategiesforfindingstudiesonatopic.Whatistheancestryapproach?A)Searchforarticlesthatsummarizepriorresearch.B)Readtheaccompanyingabstracttodeterminewhetherthearticleispertinenttothetopic.C)Trackingdownearlierstudiescitedinareferencelistofareport.D)Usingapivotalstudytosearchforwardtosubsequentstudiesthatcitedit.6.Thereareseveralstrategiesforfindingstudiesonatopic.What isthedescendancyapproach?A)Searchforarticlesthatsummarizepriorresearch.B)Readtheaccompanyingabstracttodeterminewhetherthearticleispertinenttothetopic.C)Trackdownearlierstudiescitedinareferencelistof areport.D)Useapivotalstudytosearchforwardtosubsequentstudiesthatcitedit.7.Whatisasecondarysourceforaresearchliteraturereview?A)AdescriptionofastudywrittenbyresearcherswhodidthestudyB)AsummaryofrelevantresearchonthetopicofinterestC)Athesaurusthatdirectsreaderstosubjectheadingsgermanetothetopic

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D)Adescriptionofthestudybyanindividualunconnectedwithit8.Thenurseisconductingaliteraturereview.Whichwill notassistthe nursewhenconducting a literature review?A)One major purpose ofa literature review is tolearn what research has already been done inthearea.B)Atextwordsearchallowssearcherstolookforspecificwords inalltest fields ofrecordsin the electronic database.C)Theliteraturereviewsectionshouldconcludewith a critical evaluation of knowledge ontheproblem of interest.D)Information from anecdotal and opinionarticles is usually included in researchliterature.9.Thereareseveralmajorstepsinpreparingawrittenresearchreview.Whatisthefirststep?A)FormulatingaquestionB)DevisingasearchstrategyC)ConductingasearchD)Retrievingrelevantsources10.Whendoing a literature review, what type ofinformation will a researcher undertaking anewstudyfindasanundesirableattribute?A)Available researchfindingsB)Descriptionsofan expert'sopinionsaboutthephenomenonC)HowthevariablesofinteresthavebeenoperationallydefinedinpriorstudiesD)Whatresearchapproacheshavebeenusedtostudysimilarproblems

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11.Qualitative researchers have varying opinionsabout reviewing the literature before doing anew study. What group of researchers isrepresented whencollection ofdata occursbefore reviewing the literature?A)GroundedtheoryresearchersB)PhenomenologistsC)EthnographogistsD)Groundedtheoryresearchersandphenomenologist12.Qualitative researchers have varying opinionsabout reviewing the literature before doing anew study. What group of researchers oftenundertakes a search for relevant materials atthe onset of a study?A)GroundedtheoryresearchersB)PhenomenologistsC)EthnographogistsD)Groundedtheoryresearchersandphenomenologist13.Qualitative researchers have varying opinionsabout reviewing the literature before doing anew study. What group of researchers does amore thorough literature review during dataanalysis and interpretationso that findings canbe compared with previous findings?A)GroundedtheoryresearchersB)PhenomenologistsC)EthnographogistsD)Groundedtheoryresearchersandphenomenologist14.Matrices are a convenientmeansofabstracting and organizing information for aliterature review. How manydimension arraysare present?A)TwoB)ThreeC)FourD)Five

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15.Matrices are a convenient means ofabstracting and organizing information for aliterature review.When would a reviewer usean evaluation matrix?A)Recordmethodologicalfeaturesofasetofstudies.B)Recordresearchfindings.C)Recordqualityassessmentinformation.D)Facilitatethematicanalysisoftheretrievedinformation.16.Matrices are a convenient means ofabstracting and organizing information for aliterature review.When would a reviewer usearesultsmatrix?A)Recordmethodologicalfeaturesofasetofstudies.B)Recordresearchfindings.C)Recordqualityassessmentinformation.D)Facilitatethematicanalysisoftheretrievedinformation.17.Written literature reviews are undertaken formany different purposes. In a quantitativeresearch report, what section of the reportwouldareview ofprior researchontheproblem under study be located?A)IntroductionB)MethodsC)ResultsD)Discussion18.Written literature reviews are undertaken formany different purposes. In a research report,what section of the report would limitations ofthe study be located?A)IntroductionB)MethodsC)ResultsD)Discussion

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19.Written literature reviews are undertaken formany different purposes. In a qualitativeresearch report, what section of the reportwould thethematic analysis ofthe data bepresented?A)IntroductionB)MethodsC)ResultsD)Discussion20.Some features of an electronic search aresimilar across databases. Which is an exampleof a wildcard symbol?A)AndB)NotC)OrD)QuestionmarkAnswerKey1.D2.C3.A4.A5.C6.D7.D8.D9.A10.B11.A12.B13.C14.A15.C16.B17.A18.D19.C20.D

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Chapter5.EthicsinResearch1.WhatservesasthebasisforregulationsaffectingresearchbytheU.S.government?A)TheNurembergCodeB)TheDeclarationofHelsinkiC)TheBelmontReportD)TheCodeofEthicsoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation2.In response to human rights violations,various codes of ethics have been developed.What was developed after Nazi atrocitieswere made public as an international effort toestablish ethical standards?A)TheNurembergCodeB)TheDeclarationofHelsinkiC)TheBelmontReportD)TheCodeofEthicsoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation3.Whatdocumentcoversprimarilyethicalissues for practicing nurses and includesprinciples that apply to nurse researchers?A)CodeofEthicsforNurseswithInterpretativeStatementsB)EthicalResearchGuidelinesforRegisteredNursesC)Ethical Guidelines in the Conduct,Dissemination, and Implementation ofNursingResearchD)ICNCodeofEthicsforNurses4.The Belmont Report articulated broadprinciples on which standards of ethicalconduct in research are based. Which is notconsidered an ethical principle for protectingstudy participants in the report?A)BeneficenceB)RespectforhumandignityC)InformedconsentD)Justice

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5.Whatisbeneficence?A)PerformanceofsomegoodB)ProtectionfromphysicalandpsychologicalharmandexploitationC)Participantsrighttoself-determinationD)Freedomtocontroltheirownactions6.Whatisjustice?A)RighttofairtreatmentB)ProtectionfromphysicalandpsychologicalharmandexploitationC)Participantsrighttoself-determinationD)Freedomtocontroltheirownactions7.Whichethicalprinciplemaybeviolatedifaresearcher unobtrusively studies interactionsamong patients in a psychiatric hospital?A)ConfidentialityB)FreedomfromharmC)Righttoself-determinationD)Righttoprivacy8.Whatisthesafeguardmechanismsbywhicheven the researcher cannot link the participantwith the information provided?A)ConfidentialityB)AnonymityC)InformedconsentD)Righttoprivacy9.Whatprovidesprospectiveparticipantswithinformationneeded tomakea reasoneddecision about participation?A)ConfidentialityB)AnonymityC)InformedconsentD)Righttoprivacy

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10.Howcanconfidentialityofstudyparticipantsbeincreased?A)Avoiding the collection ofany identifyinginformationB)AvoidingintroducingtheparticipantstoanyoftheresearchpersonnelC)PlacingallidentifyinginformationoncomputerfilesratherthaninmanualfilesD)Placingallidentifyinginformationonmanualfilesratherthanincomputerfiles11.Whatisanexampleofavulnerablegroup?A)WomenhospitalizedforamastectomyB)MembersofaseniorcitizengroupC)PeoplewhodonotspeakEnglishD)Pediatricclients12.Whatisamajorpotentialriskofresearchtoparticipants?A)MonetarygainsB)AccesstoanewandpotentiallybeneficialtreatmentC)Opportunitytodiscusspersonalfeelingsandexperienceswithanobjectivelistener.D)Physicalboredom13.Researchers can often show their respect forparticipants—and proactively minimizeemotional risks—by carefully attending to thenature ofthe interactions theyhavewiththem. What are debriefing sessions?A)DiscussionswithprospectiveparticipantstoobtaininformedconsentB)DiscussionswithparticipantsafterastudytoexplainvariousaspectsofthestudyC)DiscussionswithahumansubjectscommitteebeforeastudytoobtainpermissionD)Discussionsbeforeastudythatfindingswillbesharedafterdatahavebeenanalyzed

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14.In a qualitative studythat involves multiplecontacts between the researcher and studyparticipants, what can the researchernegotiate?A)ImpliedconsentB)StipendC)ProcessconsentD)Risk/benefitratio15.Whenisinformedconsentnotobtained?A)Researcherpaysastipendtostudyparticipants.B)Researchercollectsinformationcovertly.C)Risk/benefit ratioislow.D)StudyisdeterminedexemptbyInstitutionalReviewBoard.16.Most institutions where research is conductedhave formal committees for reviewingproposed research plans. In the United States,what will the committee likely be called?A)ResearchEthicsBoardB)InstitutionalReviewBoardC)EthicalAdvisoryBoardD)HumanSubjectCommittee17.Whatisanexpeditedreview?A)Thecommitteemustconsistoffivememberstocarryoutthereview.B)Researchinvolvingnomorethanminimalriskcanusethisprocedure.C)Theresearchermusthaveanaffiliationwithaninstitution.D)Theresearchisexemptfromthereviewboardprocess.18.Whatisanimportantconsiderationwhennurses choose to use animals as researchsubjects?A)Mustobtaininformedconsentfromtheanimal'sowner.

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B)Recognizethatitismoreconvenienttouseananimal.C)Recognizethatitislesscostlytouseanimalsthanhumans.D)Recognizethatanimalsneedhumanecareandtreatment.19.Whencantheresearcheromitinformedconsent, when existing data from records and/or specimens are used?A)Thestudydoesnotinvolveanintervention.B)Theresearcherisgatheringdataanonymously.C)Healthprofessionalstudentsareusedassubjects.D)Thestudyisgatheringdatafromrecordsover10yearsold.20.Under HIPAAregulations, a covered entitysuch as a hospital can disclose individuallyidentifiable health information from itsrecords if the patient signs an authorizationgranting access. What does this include?A)WhowillreceivetheinformationB)WhytheyneedtheinformationC)TheSocialSecuritynumberofthepatientD)IfthedataisnotspecificallyobtainedfortheresearchAnswerKey1.C2.A3.A4.C5.A6.A7.C8.B9.C10.A

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