2022-2023 NR602 Pharmacology Final Exam With Answers (129 Solved Questions)

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1NR 602 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS BANK (129 Q&A) /NR602 EXAM QUESTIONS BANK (129 Q&A):RATED A2022 |CHAMBERLAIN1.Thefollowingareriskfactorsforhypertensioninchildrenandteens(chooseallthatapply):beingobese.beingexposedtosecond-hand smoke.2.Inevaluatinga9-year-oldchildwithahealthyBMIduringawell visit,acomprehensivecardiovascularevaluationshould be conducted bythefollowingmethods(choose allthatapply):Obtain fasting lipid profile. / Assess diet and physical activity.3.At whatageisitappropriatetorecommend dietarychangestoparentsifoverweightorobesityisaconcern?12 months old4.Thefollowingareriskfactorsfortype2diabetes mellitusinchildrenandteens(chooseallthatapply):hyperinsulinemia:abnormalweight-to-heightratio.:NativeAmericanancestry.5.Screening children with a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus is recommended at age 10 or atonset ofpuberty, and should be repeated how often?every year.6.Prediabetesinchildrenisdefined as(chooseallthatapply):impaired fasting glucose (glucose level≥100mg/dL or 6.2 mmol/L) but≤125mg/dL or 7mmol/L).impaired glucose tolerance (2-hour postprandial≥140-199 mg/dL or 7.8 mmol/L-11mmol/L).7.Riskfactorsfordyslipidemiainchildreninclude(chooseallthatapply):family historyoflipid abnormalities.family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus.8.Screening cholesterollevels in children with one or more risk factors beginsatwhat age? .2 years8.Anacceptableleveloftotalcholesterol(mg/dL)inchildrenandteensis:<170 mg/dL or 9.4 mmol/L.9.low birth weight, andpoor infant growthare risk factors for type 2diabetesTrue10.Prediabetesinchildrenisdefinedasimpairedfastingglucose(glucoselevel≥100mg/dLor5.6mmol/Lbut

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2≤125 mg/dL or 7 mmol/L) or impaired glucose tolerance (2-hour postprandial ≥140-199 mg/dL or 7.8mmol/L-11mmol/L) or an A1C of 5.7% to 6.4%.True11.Screeningfortype2diabetesbeginsatage_10oratonsetofpubertyand continues every2yearsuntiladulthood;atthat point,the adultguidelinesshouldbe followed.12.TheAAP screeningguidelines fortotalcholesterollevelsinchildrenandadolescentsaged2to19yearsoldareasfollows:Acceptablelevelis<170mg/dL (<9.4 mmol/L), borderline is 170-199mg/dL (9.4 mmol/L-11mmol/L),andhighis>200mg/dL(≥11.1mmol/L)13.Childrenshouldbescreenedforfamilyhistoryofcardiovasculardisease(CVD)beginningatage_3andshould beperiodicallyupdated annuallyorasrequired byrisk factorsduringnon-urgenthealthvisits.14.Forat-riskchildren,fastinglipidlevelsshouldbetestedafter__2yearsofage(but nolaterthan10yearsofage) and shouldberetestedin 3-5yearsifthevaluesfallwithinthe referencerange.15.Bodymassindex(BMI)shouldbe measuredbeginningatage2.

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316.Forchildrenbetween12monthsand 2yearsofageforwhomoverweightorobesityis aconcern,theuseofREDUCEDfat milk would be appropriate.17.Beginning at age _5if BMI is≥ 85thpercentile, intensify dietary and activity changes to the parent.18.InfectionwithCorynebacteriumdiphtheriaeusuallycauses:Pseudomembranouspharyngitis19.Thetetanusinfectioniscaused byCLOSTRIDIUMTETANI,an anaerobic, gram-positive,spore-formingrod. Thisorganismisfound insoilandisparticularlypotentinmanure.20.Sourcesofleadthatcancontributetoplumbismincludeselecttraditionalremedies suchasazarconandgreta.True21.Patientswithplumbismpresentwithwhichkindofanemia?Microcytic,hypochromic22.Interventionforachildwithaleadlevelof5 to44mcg/dLusuallyincludesallofthefollowingexcept:Chelationtherapy23.Ingested lead inactivates heme synthesis by inhibiting the insertion of iron into the protoporphyrinring. Thisleads to the development of what kind of anemia?microcytic, hypochromic24.Basophilicstipplingisoftennotedonred bloodcellmorphologyinleadpoisoning.25.Leadissignificantlytoxic tothesolidorgans,bones,andnervoussystem26.Long-termcomplicationsofLEADpoisoningincludebehaviororattentionproblems,pooracademicperformance,hearingproblems, kidneydamage,reduced IQ,andslowed bodygrowth.27.Unless deleading procedures have been performed, however, most homes built before1957 containlead-basedpaint.28.Adietlowincalcium,iron,zinc,magnesium,and copperand highinfat,whichisatypicaldietforchildrenlivinginpoverty,enhancesoralleadabsorption29.Inolderhomes,thepointofgreatestriskisthe__windowbecausetheirsillsandtheputtyhavehighleadconcentration. Because toddlers (age 2 to 3) are the ideal height to reach them and are oftendrawn to open ones,theyare atgreatestriskand summeristhe riskiestseason.window30.Symptoms of elevatedLEADlevels include abdominal pain and cramping, aggressive behavior,anemia,constipation, difficulty sleeping, headaches, irritability, loss of previous developmental skills inyoung children, lowappetite and energy, and reduced sensations. Very high levels can result in vomiting,staggering walk, muscle weakness, seizures, or coma.31.A measure of5mcg/dL is now used to identify children with elevated blood lead levels.32.Most children with lead levels of 5-44 mcg/dL are treated with removal from the source, improvednutrition, andIRONtherapy.33.Those with lead levels of 45-50 mcg/dL are treated with aCHELATION agent such as succimer,

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4inaddition to the previously listed interventions.34.For children with lead levels of greater than 51 mcg/dL, hospital admission with expert evaluation islikely the most prudent course to avoid serious problems (including ENCEPHALOPATHY ) associatedwith markedly elevated lead levels35.Which of the following represents the best choice of clinical agents for a child who has had ahistory ofpenicillin allergy who requires antimicrobial therapy?Cefdinir

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536.TheclinicalpresentationofUTIinchildrencanbe withouttheclassic symptomssuchasfrequency,dysuria,orflankpain.True37.In younger children, UTI often manifests as IRRITABLITY_,LETHARGEY, andFEVERwithno obvious focal infectious source.38.Older children with UTI often present withABDOMINALpain, unexplained fever, or both; aschildrenapproach puberty, flank pain becomes more common40.UTIshould be considered in infants and young children 2 months to 2 years old withunexplained fever,particularly in boys younger than 6 months and girls younger than 2 years who have atemperature greater than or equal to 39°C(≥102.2°F).41.AURINALYSISshould be obtained in a child with unexplained fever or symptoms thatsuggest aUTI; however, 20% from UTI cases return a false-negative result.42.Any of the following findings are suggestive, although not diagnostic, of UTI: positive leukocyteesterase, positive nitrite, more than5 white blood cells (WBCs) per high-power field in spun specimen,and bacteriapresent in unspun Gramstained specimen.43.Anacceptable methodbecauseofthelowrateofskinandfecalcontaminationisaurinespecimencollectionviabagor fromthe diaper.False, unacceptable because of the high rate of contamination44.a single documented UTI in a child must be taken seriously. If an infant or young child 2 months to 2years oldwith suspected UTI is assessed as toxic, dehydrated, or unable to retain oral intake,HOPITALIZATIONis advised.45.Oral amoxicillin, TMP-SMX, or a second-or third-generationCEPHALOSPORIN_isrecommendedas options for initial therapy for UTI in children46.The use of _TMP-SMXhas a small risk of treatment failure.47.Current evidence-based practice recommendations for UTI in Children indicate a _7to14day course of antibiotics because the outcomes are superior to a 1-to 3-day course in preventingspread of infection andsubsequent renal scarring.48.Although fluoroquinolone antibiotics have not been widely used in children, ciprofloxacin is approved bytheU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pediatric patients for the treatment of UTI; this use isapprovedstarting at age1years old.49.Urinarytractimagingshould beconsidered forallchildrenwithUTI,particularlyifthisoccursbeforetoilettraining.true50.The two mainstays for imaging for UTI in young children are _RENAL BLADDER ULTRACOUND(RBUS) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)51.RBUS is an easily obtained, noninvasive test but can miss a small number of high-gradeREFLUXcases52.The benefits ofRBUS(no radiation exposure, non-invasive, minimal discomfort for childandparents), however, outweigh the slight increase in specificity of VCUG

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653.ARENALscan is useful for detecting renal scarring, a finding present after infection, butis notrecommended for routine, initial evaluation of young child with their first febrile UTI.

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