Pharmacology For Nurses: A Pathophysiologic Approach , 4th Edition Test Bank

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Adams,PharmacologyforNurse:APathophysiologicApproach,Chapter 1Question1Type:MCMAThe nurse is teaching a pharmacology class to student nurses. What does the nurse include as keyevents in the history of pharmacology?Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.StandardText:Select all that apply.1.Initial drugs included morphine, cocaine, and penicillin.2.Early researchers used themselves as test subjects.3.The initial intention of pharmacology was to relieve human suffering.4.Modern pharmacology began in the early 1600s.5.Pharmacologists synthesized drugs in the laboratory in the twentieth century.CorrectAnswer:2,3,5Rationale1: The early roots of pharmacology included the application of products to relieve humansuffering, and early researchers used themselves as test subjects. Initial drugs included morphine,colchicines, curare, and cocaine, but not penicillin. Modern pharmacology began in the early 1800s,not the 1600s. By the twentieth century, pharmacologists could synthesize drugs in the laboratory.Rationale2: The early roots of pharmacology included the application of products to relieve humansuffering, and early researchers used themselves as test subjects. Initial drugs included morphine,colchicines, curare, and cocaine, but not penicillin. Modern pharmacology began in the early 1800s,not the 1600s. By the twentieth century, pharmacologists could synthesize drugs in the laboratory.Rationale3: The early roots of pharmacology included the application of products to relieve humansuffering, and early researchers used themselves as test subjects. Initial drugs included morphine,colchicines, curare, and cocaine, but not penicillin. Modern pharmacology began in the early1800s,not the 1600s. By the twentieth century, pharmacologists could synthesize drugs in the laboratory.

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Rationale4: The early roots of pharmacology included the application of products to relieve humansuffering, and early researchers used themselves as test subjects. Initial drugs included morphine,colchicines, curare, and cocaine, but not penicillin. Modern pharmacology began in the early 1800s,not the 1600s. By the twentieth century, pharmacologists could synthesize drugs in the laboratory.Rationale5: The early roots of pharmacology included the application of products to relieve humansuffering, and early researchers used themselves as test subjects. Initial drugs included morphine,colchicines, curare, and cocaine, but not penicillin. Modern pharmacology began in the early 1800s,not the 1600s. By the twentieth century, pharmacologists could synthesize drugs in the laboratory.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:1-1Question2Type:MCSAThe student nurse asks the nursing instructor why he needs to take anatomy and physiology, as wellas microbiology, when he only wants to learn about pharmacology. What is the best response by theinstructor?1.“Because pharmacology is an outgrowth of those subjects.”2.“You must learn all, since those subjects, as well as pharmacology, are part of the curriculum.”3.“Knowledge of all those subjects will prepare you to provide the best patient care, including theadministration of medications.”4.“Because an understanding of those subjects is essential to understanding pharmacology.”CorrectAnswer:4Rationale1: It is essential for the nurse to have a broad knowledge baseof many sciences in orderto learn pharmacology. The nurse must learn anatomy, physiology, and microbiology to understandpharmacology, not because they are part of the curriculum. Pharmacology is an outgrowth ofanatomy, physiology, and microbiology, butthis is not the reason for the nurse to learn them.Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology prepares the nurse to understandpharmacology, not to provide care such as administration of medications.Rationale2: It is essential for the nurse tohave a broad knowledge base of many sciences in orderto learn pharmacology. The nurse must learn anatomy, physiology, and microbiology to understand

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pharmacology, not because they are part of the curriculum. Pharmacology is an outgrowth ofanatomy, physiology, and microbiology, but this is not the reason for the nurse to learn them.Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology prepares the nurse to understandpharmacology, not to provide care such as administration of medications.Rationale3: It isessential for the nurse to have a broad knowledge base of many sciences in orderto learn pharmacology. The nurse must learn anatomy, physiology, and microbiology to understandpharmacology, not because they are part of the curriculum. Pharmacology is an outgrowth ofanatomy, physiology, and microbiology, but this is not the reason for the nurse to learn them.Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology prepares the nurse to understandpharmacology, not to provide care such as administration of medications.Rationale4: It is essential for the nurse to have a broad knowledge base of many sciences in orderto learn pharmacology. The nurse must learn anatomy, physiology, and microbiology to understandpharmacology, not because they are part of the curriculum. Pharmacology is an outgrowth ofanatomy, physiology, and microbiology, but this is not the reason for the nurse to learn them.Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology prepares the nurse to understandpharmacology, not to provide care suchas administration of medications.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:1-2Question3Type:MCMAThe nursing instructor is teaching a pharmacology class to student nurses. The current focus ispharmacology and therapeutics. The nursing instructor determines that learning has occurred whenthe students make which comments?Note: Credit will be given only if all correctchoices and no incorrect choices are selected.StandardText:Select all that apply.1.“Pharmacology is the use of drugs to relieve suffering.”2.“Pharmacology is the study of medicines.”3.“Therapeutics is the study of the therapeutic use of drugs.”4.“Therapeutics is the study of drug interactions.”

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5.“Pharmacology is the study of drugs to prevent disease.”CorrectAnswer:1,2Rationale1: Pharmacology is the study of medicines and the use of drugs to relieve suffering.Therapeutics is the study of disease prevention and treatment of suffering. Pharmacotherapy is theapplication of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention.Rationale2: Pharmacology is the study of medicines and the use of drugs to relieve suffering.Therapeutics is the study of disease prevention and treatment of suffering. Pharmacotherapy is theapplication of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention.Rationale3: Pharmacology is the study of medicines and the use of drugs to relieve suffering.Therapeutics is the study of disease prevention and treatment of suffering. Pharmacotherapy is theapplication of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention.Rationale4: Pharmacology is the study of medicines and the use of drugs to relieve suffering.Therapeutics is the study of diseaseprevention and treatment of suffering. Pharmacotherapy is theapplication of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention.Rationale5: Pharmacology is the study of medicines and the use of drugs to relieve suffering.Therapeutics is the study of disease prevention and treatment of suffering. Pharmacotherapy is theapplication of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:NursingProcess: EvaluationLearningOutcome:1-3Question4Type:MCSAThe nurse administers a vaccine to a child. What is the best understanding of the nurse as it relatesto the manufacture of this vaccine?1.The vaccine is produced by natural plant extracts in the laboratory.2.The vaccine is naturally produced in animal cells or microorganisms.3.The vaccine is produced by a combination of animal and plant products.4.The vaccine is most commonly synthesized in a laboratory.

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CorrectAnswer:2Rationale1:Vaccines are naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms, or by the body itself.Vaccines are not synthesized in a laboratory. Vaccines are not produced by natural plant extracts.Vaccines are not produced by a combination of animal and plant products.Rationale2: Vaccines are naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms, or by the body itself.Vaccines are not synthesized in a laboratory. Vaccines are not produced by natural plant extracts.Vaccines are not produced by a combination of animaland plant products.Rationale3: Vaccines are naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms, or by the body itself.Vaccines are not synthesized in a laboratory. Vaccines are not produced by natural plant extracts.Vaccines are not produced by a combination of animal and plant products.Rationale4: Vaccines are naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms, or by the body itself.Vaccines are not synthesized in a laboratory. Vaccines are not produced by natural plant extracts.Vaccines are not produced by a combination of animal and plant products.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearningOutcome:1-4Question5Type:MCSAThe elderly client has gastrointestinal bleeding. The client says to the nurse “I don’t understand this.All I did was take ibuprofen (Advil) for my arthritis.” Which plan would be best as it relates to thenurse’s education of this client?1.A plan to teach the client to use drugs that bypass the gastrointestinal system, like topical drugs2.A plan to teach the client to substitute safer drugs like acetaminophen (Tylenol)3.A plan to teach the client to obtain physician approval prior to the use of over-the-counter (OTC)medications4.A plan to teach the advantages and disadvantages of ibuprofen (Advil)CorrectAnswer:4

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Rationale1: Since elderly clients account for the use of about 40% of all over-the-counter (OTC)medications, it is essential for the nurse to teach clients about the advantages, and thedisadvantages, of these medications. Substitution of other drugs may be beneficial, but this cannotbe done in all situations. The use of topical drugs may be an option, but the drug a client needs maynot be available in this form. It is not a realistic plan to expect clients to contact their physician priorto taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medication.Rationale2: Since elderly clients account for the use of about 40% of all over-the-counter (OTC)medications, it is essential for the nurse to teach clients about the advantages, and thedisadvantages, of these medications. Substitution of other drugs may be beneficial, but this cannotbe done in all situations. The use of topical drugs may be an option, but the drug a client needs maynot be available in this form. It is not a realistic plan to expect clients to contact their physician priorto taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medication.Rationale3: Since elderly clients account for the use of about40% of all over-the-counter (OTC)medications, it is essential for the nurse to teach clients about the advantages, and thedisadvantages, of these medications. Substitution of other drugs may be beneficial, but this cannotbe done in all situations. The use of topical drugs may be an option, but the drug a client needs maynot be available in this form. It is not a realistic plan to expect clients to contact their physician priorto taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medication.Rationale4: Since elderly clients account for the use of about 40% of all over-the-counter (OTC)medications, it is essential for the nurse to teach clients about the advantages, and thedisadvantages, of these medications. Substitution of other drugs may be beneficial, but this cannotbe done in all situations. The use of topical drugs may be an option, but the drug a client needs maynot be available in this form. It is not a realistic plan to expect clients to contact their physician priorto taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medication.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: PlanningLearningOutcome:1-5Question6Type:MCSAThe elderly client has gastrointestinal bleeding. The client says to the nurse “I don’t understand this.All I did was take ibuprofen (Advil) for my arthritis.” Which plan would be best as it relates to thenurse’s education of this client?1.A plan to teach the client to use drugs that bypass the gastrointestinal system, like topical drugs.2.A plan to teach the client to substitute safer drugs like acetaminophen (Tylenol).

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3.A plan to teach the client to obtain physician approval prior to the use of over-the-counter (OTC)medications.4.A plan to teach the advantages and disadvantages of ibuprofen (Advil).CorrectAnswer:4Rationale1: Since elderly clients account for the use of about 40% of all over-the-counter (OTC)medications, it is essential for the nurse to teach clients about the advantages, and thedisadvantages, of these medications. Substitution of other drugs may be beneficial, but this cannotbe done in all situations. The use of topical drugs may be an option, but the drug a client needs maynot be available in this form. It is not a realistic plan to expect clients to contact their physician priorto taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medication.Rationale2: Since elderly clients account for the use of about 40% of all over-the-counter (OTC)medications, it is essential for the nurse to teach clients about the advantages, and thedisadvantages, of these medications. Substitution of other drugs may be beneficial, but this cannotbe done in all situations. The use of topical drugs may be an option, but the drug a client needs maynot be available in this form. It is not a realistic plan to expect clients to contact their physician priorto taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medication.Rationale3: Since elderly clients account for the use of about 40% of all over-the-counter (OTC)medications, it is essential for the nurse to teach clients about the advantages, and thedisadvantages, of these medications. Substitution of other drugs may be beneficial, but this cannotbe done in all situations. The use of topical drugs may be an option, but thedrug a client needs maynot be available in this form. It is not a realistic plan to expect clients to contact their physician priorto taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medication.Rationale4: Since elderly clients account for the use of about 40% of all over-the-counter (OTC)medications, it is essential for the nurse to teach clients about the advantages, and thedisadvantages, of these medications. Substitution of other drugs may be beneficial, but this cannotbe done in all situations. The use of topical drugs may be an option, but the drug a client needs maynot be available in this form. It is not a realistic plan to expect clients to contact their physician priorto taking any over-the-counter (OTC) medication.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: PlanningLearningOutcome:1-5Question7Type:MCSA

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The pharmaceutical representative comes to the physician’s office and says his company’spharmaceutical laboratory is marketing a drug that does not need approval by the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA). What is the best response by the nurse?1.“Any pharmaceutical laboratory in America must have approval from the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) before marketing a drug.”2.“Is this an over-the-counter (OTC) drug? They do not need approval by the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA).”3.“Is your pharmaceutical laboratory private? Only public pharmaceutical laboratories need approvalfrom the Foodand Drug Administration (FDA).”4.“Your pharmaceutical laboratory must be involved in academic research because they are exemptfrom approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).”CorrectAnswer:1Rationale1: Any pharmaceutical laboratory, whether private, public, or academic, must obtainapproval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before marketing a drug. Privatepharmaceutical laboratories must obtain approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)before marketing a drug. Pharmaceutical laboratories involved in academic research must obtainapproval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before marketing a drug. Pharmaceuticallaboratories that manufacture over-the-counter (OTC) drugs must obtain approval from the Food andDrug Administration (FDA) before marketing these drugs.Rationale2: Any pharmaceutical laboratory, whether private, public, or academic, must obtainapproval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before marketing a drug. Privatepharmaceutical laboratories must obtain approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)before marketing a drug. Pharmaceutical laboratories involved in academic research must obtainapproval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before marketing a drug. Pharmaceuticallaboratories that manufacture over-the-counter (OTC) drugs must obtain approval from the Food andDrug Administration (FDA) before marketing these drugs.Rationale3: Any pharmaceutical laboratory, whether private, public, or academic, must obtainapproval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before marketing a drug. Privatepharmaceutical laboratories must obtain approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)before marketing a drug. Pharmaceutical laboratories involved in academic researchmust obtainapproval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before marketing a drug. Pharmaceuticallaboratories that manufacture over-the-counter (OTC) drugs must obtain approval from the Food andDrug Administration (FDA) before marketing these drugs.Rationale4: Any pharmaceutical laboratory, whether private, public, or academic, must obtainapproval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before marketing a drug. Privatepharmaceutical laboratories must obtain approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)before marketing a drug. Pharmaceutical laboratories involved in academic research must obtainapproval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before marketing a drug. Pharmaceuticallaboratories that manufacture over-the-counter (OTC) drugs must obtain approval from the Food andDrug Administration (FDA) before marketing these drugs.GlobalRationale:

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CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:1-7Question8Type:MCSAThe nurse is employed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and is involved in clinicalinvestigation. What is the primary role of the nurse in this phase of the review and approval processby the FDA?1.To perform tests on the population-at-large2.To perform tests on various species of animals3.To perform tests on human cells cultured in the laboratory4.To perform tests on human clientsCorrectAnswer:4Rationale1: Clinical investigation includes performing tests on healthy volunteers, and later, onselected clients with a particular disease. Performing tests on human cells cultured in the laboratoryis the preclinical investigation stage. Performing tests on the population-at-large is the stage of post-marketing surveillance. Performing tests on various species of animals is the preclinical investigationstage.Rationale2: Clinical investigation includes performing tests on healthy volunteers, and later, onselected clients with a particular disease. Performing tests on human cells cultured in the laboratoryis the preclinical investigation stage. Performing tests on the population-at-large is the stage of post-marketing surveillance. Performing tests on various species of animals is the preclinical investigationstage.Rationale3: Clinical investigation includes performing tests on healthy volunteers, and later, onselected clients with a particular disease. Performing tests on human cells cultured in the laboratoryis the preclinical investigation stage. Performing tests on the population-at-large is the stage of post-marketing surveillance. Performing tests on various species of animals is the preclinical investigationstage.Rationale4: Clinical investigation includes performing tests onhealthy volunteers, and later, onselected clients with a particular disease. Performing tests on human cells cultured in the laboratoryis the preclinical investigation stage. Performing tests on the population-at-large is the stage of post-marketing surveillance. Performing tests on various species of animals is the preclinical investigationstage.

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GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:1-8Question9Type:MCSAThe student nurse is taking a pharmacology course and studying about the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA). What has the student learned about how the FDA has decreased the amountof time involved in bringing anew drug to the market?1.The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is not as strict as it once was with regard to drugapproval.2.Since consumers have demanded more drugs, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hasstreamlined the review/approval process.3.Drug manufacturers are required to pay yearly user fees, which allow the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) to hire more employees to increase its efficiency.4.Drug manufacturers are required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to test more drugson an annual basis.CorrectAnswer:3Rationale1: In 1992, the Prescription Drug User Fee Act was passed. This required drugmanufacturers to provide yearly product user fees so the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) couldrestructure, hire more employees, and operate more efficiently. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) is just as strict now as it always was with regard to drug approval. The Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) has not streamlined the review/approval process. The Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) does not require drug manufacturers to test more drugs on an annual basis.Rationale2: In 1992, the Prescription Drug User Fee Act was passed. This required drugmanufacturers to provide yearly product user fees so the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) couldrestructure, hire more employees, and operate more efficiently. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) is just as strict now as it always was with regard to drug approval. The Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) has not streamlined the review/approval process. The Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) does not require drug manufacturers to test more drugs on an annual basis.Rationale3: In 1992, the Prescription Drug User Fee Act was passed. This required drugmanufacturers to provide yearly product user fees so the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) couldrestructure, hire more employees, and operate more efficiently. The Food and Drug Administration

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(FDA) is just as strict now as it always was with regard to drug approval. The Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) has not streamlined the review/approval process. The Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) does not require drug manufacturers to test more drugs on an annual basis.Rationale4: In 1992, the Prescription Drug User Fee Act was passed. This required drugmanufacturers to provide yearly product user fees so the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) couldrestructure, hire more employees, and operate more efficiently. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) is just as strict now as it always was with regard to drug approval. The Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) has not streamlined the review/approval process. The Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) does not require drug manufacturers to test more drugs on an annual basis.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Safe Effective Care EnvironmentClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearningOutcome:1-9Question10Type:MCSAThe student nurse has completed an initial pharmacology course and tells the nursing instructor thatit was difficult and she is glad it is over. What is the best response by the nursing instructor?1.“It may be over, but now you must apply what you have learned to patient care.”2.“Learning is gradual and continuous; we never completely master all areas of pharmacology.”3.“Learning is always painful, but we must continue anyway.”4.“It really isn’t over; you should take a graduate course next.”CorrectAnswer:2Rationale1: Learning pharmacology is a gradual, continuous process that does not end withgraduation. Never does one completely master every facet of drug action and application. There isno reason for the student nurse to take a graduate level pharmacology course at this time. It is truethat the student must apply what has been learned to patient care, but this response implies thatlearning is over. Learning is not always painful.Rationale2: Learning pharmacology is a gradual, continuous process that does not end withgraduation. Never does one completely master every facet of drug action and application. There isno reason for the student nurse to take a graduate level pharmacology course at this time. It is true

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that the student must apply what has been learned to patient care, but this response implies thatlearning is over. Learning is not always painful.Rationale3: Learning pharmacology is a gradual, continuous process that does not end withgraduation. Never does one completely master every facet of drug action and application. There isno reason for the student nurse to take a graduate level pharmacology course at this time. It is truethat the student must apply what has been learned to patient care, but this response implies thatlearning is over. Learning is not always painful.Rationale4: Learningpharmacology is a gradual, continuous process that does not end withgraduation. Never does one completely master every facet of drug action and application. There isno reason for the student nurse to take a graduate level pharmacology course at this time. It is truethat the student must apply what has been learned to patient care, but this response implies thatlearning is over. Learning is not always painful.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:1-2Question11Type:MCSAThe client says to the nurse, “My wife and I take the same drug, but we have different side effects.Are we doing something wrong?” What is the best response by the nurse?1.“No. Differences such as your sex can result in different side effects.”2.“I’ll have to check. What is the name of the drug you were using?”3.“Possibly. This could happen if one uses generic or brand name drugs.”4.“I’m not sure. Maybe the drug is not the same; you should check it.”CorrectAnswer:1Rationale1: Drugs may elicit different responses depending on individual client factors such as age,sex, body mass, health status, and genetics. Asking he client to check a medication is fine, but thisdoes not answer the client’s question. There are differences between some generic and brand namedrugs, but this is not the best answer. The nurse should not have to check the drug; basicknowledge should include knowing that the sex of clients can result in different side effects.

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Rationale2: Drugs may elicit different responses depending on individual client factors such as age,sex, body mass, health status, and genetics. Asking the client to check a medication is fine, but thisdoes not answer the client’s question. There are differences between some generic and brand namedrugs, but this is not the best answer. The nurse should not have to check the drug; basicknowledge should include knowing that the sex of clients can result in different side effects.Rationale3: Drugs may elicit different responses depending on individual client factors such as age,sex, body mass, health status, and genetics. Asking the client to check a medication is fine, but thisdoes not answer theclient’s question. There are differences between some generic and brand namedrugs, but this is not the best answer. The nurse should not have to check the drug; basicknowledge should include knowing that the sex of clients can result in different side effects.Rationale4: Drugs may elicit different responses depending on individual client factors such as age,sex, body mass, health status, and genetics. Asking the client to check a medication is fine, but thisdoes not answer the client’s question. Thereare differences between some generic and brand namedrugs, but this is not the best answer. The nurse should not have to check the drug; basicknowledge should include knowing that the sex of clients can result in different side effects.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:1-4Question12Type:MCSAThe client comes to the emergency department with a myocardial infarction. The client’s husbandtells the nurse that his wife has been taking calcium carbonate (Tums) for years for what she thoughtwas indigestion. What is the best response by the nurse?1.“Your wife should not have self-diagnosed herself. I hope she willbe okay.”2.“Why did you let her do that? She should have seen a doctor.”3.“Well, I am glad she is here, as it certainly wasn’t indigestion.”4.“Your wife was self-diagnosing, which is generally not a good idea.”CorrectAnswer:4Rationale1: Clientstake over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for many reasons. Self-treatment issometimes ineffective, and the potential for harm may increase if the disease is allowed to progress.

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Asking the husband why he let his wife take Tums is non-therapeutic and too accusatory; do not ask“why” questions. Telling the husband that “it certainly wasn’t indigestion” is judgmental and willalienate the client and husband. Telling the husband “I hope she will be okay” is a very frighteningresponse that implies she might die, andthis is non-therapeutic.Rationale2: Clients take over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for many reasons. Self-treatment issometimes ineffective, and the potential for harm may increase if the disease is allowed to progress.Asking the husband why he let his wifetake Tums is non-therapeutic and too accusatory; do not ask“why” questions. Telling the husband that “it certainly wasn’t indigestion” is judgmental and willalienate the client and husband. Telling the husband “I hope she will be okay” is a very frighteningresponse that implies she might die, and this is non-therapeutic.Rationale3: Clients take over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for many reasons. Self-treatment issometimes ineffective, and the potential for harm may increase if the disease is allowed to progress.Asking the husband why he let his wife take Tums is non-therapeutic and too accusatory; do not ask“why” questions. Telling the husband that “it certainly wasn’t indigestion” is judgmental and willalienate the client and husband. Telling the husband “I hope she will be okay” is a very frighteningresponse that implies she might die, and this is non-therapeutic.Rationale4: Clients take over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for many reasons. Self-treatment issometimes ineffective, and the potential for harm may increase if the disease is allowed to progress.Asking the husband why he let his wife take Tums is non-therapeutic and too accusatory; do not ask“why” questions. Telling the husband that “it certainly wasn’t indigestion” is judgmental and willalienate the client and husband. Telling the husband “I hope she will be okay” is a very frighteningresponse that implies she might die, and this is non-therapeutic.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:1-5Question13Type:MCSAThe nurse is teaching a class for clients about over-the-counter (OTC) medications. The nursedetermines that education has been effective when the clients make which statement?1.“We should not take any over-the-counter (OTC) medicine without first calling and checking withthe doctor’s office.”2.“We should always ask the pharmacist about how to take the over-the-counter (OTC) medicine.”3.“Wemust read all the directions on the label and call the doctor’s office if they are not clear.”

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4.“Medicines that are available over-the-counter (OTC) are really safe, or they would be prescriptionmedicines.”CorrectAnswer:3Rationale1: In most cases,clients may treat themselves safely if they carefully follow instructionsincluded with the medication. It is not realistic to expect clients to call the doctor’s office before takingany over-the-counter (OTC) medicine. Most OTC medicines have a high margin of safety, but noneis considered completely safe. Asking the pharmacist is a good idea, but does not replace readingthe label directions. Also, the pharmacist might not always be in the store when the medicine ispurchased.Rationale2: In most cases, clients may treat themselves safely if they carefully follow instructionsincluded with the medication. It is not realistic to expect clients to call the doctor’s office before takingany over-the-counter (OTC) medicine. Most OTC medicines have a high margin of safety, but noneis considered completely safe. Asking the pharmacist is a good idea, but does not replace readingthe label directions. Also, the pharmacist might not always be in the store when the medicine ispurchased.Rationale3: In most cases, clients may treat themselves safely if they carefully follow instructionsincluded with the medication. It is not realistic to expect clients to call the doctor’s office before takingany over-the-counter (OTC) medicine. Most OTC medicines have a high margin of safety, but noneis considered completely safe. Asking the pharmacist is a good idea, but does not replace readingthe label directions. Also, the pharmacist might not always be in the store when the medicine ispurchased.Rationale4: In most cases, clients may treat themselves safely if they carefully follow instructionsincluded with the medication. It is not realistic to expect clients to call the doctor’s office before takingany over-the-counter (OTC) medicine. Most OTC medicines have a highmargin of safety, but noneis considered completely safe. Asking the pharmacist is a good idea, but does not replace readingthe label directions. Also, the pharmacist might not always be in the store when the medicine ispurchased.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearningOutcome:1-5Question14Type:MCSA

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The client has skin lesions that have not responded to prescription drugs. He tells the nurse he hasheard about some research going on with a new drug and questions why he can’t take it. What is thebest response by the nurse?1.“I know it is frustrating, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval process is in placeto ensure that drugs are safe.”2.“The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has very strict rules about new drugs; it is important tobe patient regarding the review/approval process.”3.“Your skin lesions really aren’t that bad, but maybe the new drug will beavailable soon.”4.“Maybe you could contact the drug company about becoming involved in a clinical trial.”CorrectAnswer:1Rationale1: Although the public is anxious to receive new drugs, the fundamental priority of theFood and Drug Administration (FDA) is to ensure that drugs are safe. Also, telling the client that thenurse knows he is frustrated is therapeutic because it communicates that the nurse recognizes whathe is feeling. The client could contact the drug company, but this response fosters false hope as hemay not be a viable candidate for this drug. Telling the client his skin lesions “aren’t that bad” is anon-therapeutic response; the client’s perception is his reality. Telling the client to be patient is acondescending response; the client wants relief from the skin condition.Rationale2: Although the public is anxious to receive new drugs, the fundamental priority of theFood and Drug Administration (FDA) is to ensure that drugs are safe. Also, telling the client that thenurse knows heis frustrated is therapeutic because it communicates that the nurse recognizes whathe is feeling. The client could contact the drug company, but this response fosters false hope as hemay not be a viable candidate for this drug. Telling the client his skin lesions “aren’t that bad” is anon-therapeutic response; the client’s perception is his reality. Telling the client to be patient is acondescending response; the client wants relief from the skin condition.Rationale3: Although the public is anxious toreceive new drugs, the fundamental priority of theFood and Drug Administration (FDA) is to ensure that drugs are safe. Also, telling the client that thenurse knows he is frustrated is therapeutic because it communicates that the nurse recognizes whatheis feeling. The client could contact the drug company, but this response fosters false hope as hemay not be a viable candidate for this drug. Telling the client his skin lesions “aren’t that bad” is anon-therapeutic response; the client’s perception ishis reality. Telling the client to be patient is acondescending response; the client wants relief from the skin condition.Rationale4: Although the public is anxious to receive new drugs, the fundamental priority of theFood and Drug Administration (FDA)is to ensure that drugs are safe. Also, telling the client that thenurse knows he is frustrated is therapeutic because it communicates that the nurse recognizes whathe is feeling. The client could contact the drug company, but this response fosters false hope as hemay not be a viable candidate for this drug. Telling the client his skin lesions “aren’t that bad” is anon-therapeutic response; the client’s perception is his reality. Telling the client to be patient is acondescending response; the clientwants relief from the skin condition.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:Applying

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ClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:1-7Question15Type:MCSAWhat percentage of Americans takes at least one prescription drug per year?1.50%2.10%3.40%4.25%CorrectAnswer:1Rationale1: About half of Americans take prescription drugs while about 17% takes at least threeprescription drugs.Rationale2: About half of Americans take prescription drugs while about 17% takes at least threeprescription drugs.Rationale3: About half of Americans take prescription drugs while about 17% takes at least threeprescription drugs.Rationale4: About half of Americans take prescription drugs while about 17% takes at least threeprescription drugs.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:RememberingClientNeed:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearningOutcome:1-1Question16

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Type:MCSAModern pharmacology was introduced to the United States by the opening of the first department ofpharmacology at the University of Michigan in the year1.1805.2.1890.3.1847.4.1908.CorrectAnswer:2Rationale1:Rationale2:Rationale3:Rationale4:GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:RememberingClientNeed:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearningOutcome:1-1Question17Type:MCSAThe application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering is knownas1.biologics.2.pharmacotherapeutics.3.alternative therapies.4.therapeutics.

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CorrectAnswer:2Rationale1: Pharmacotherapeutics is the application of drugs for the purpose of disease preventionand the treatment of suffering.Rationale2: Pharmacotherapeutics is the application of drugs for the purpose of disease preventionand the treatment of suffering.Rationale3: Pharmacotherapeutics is the application of drugs for the purpose of disease preventionand the treatment of suffering.Rationale4: Pharmacotherapeutics is the application of drugs for the purpose of disease preventionand the treatment of suffering.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:RememberingClientNeed:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearningOutcome:1-3Question18Type:MCSAA patient with chronic back pain informs the nurse he has been receiving therapeutic touch inaddition to his medications. This type of therapy is best classified as1.pharmacotherapy.2.drug-absence therapy.3.complementary therapy.4.biologic therapy.CorrectAnswer:3Rationale1: The patient is using a non-conventional type of treatment (therapeutic touch) that isclassified as complimentary to his conventional pharmacotherapy. Biologic therapy involves the useof naturally produced substances by microorganisms or within the body. The patient is usingmedications as well as an alternative therapywhich is why complementary therapy is the bestchoice.

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Rationale2: The patient is using a non-conventional type of treatment (therapeutic touch) that isclassified as complimentary to his conventional pharmacotherapy. Biologic therapy involves the useofnaturally produced substances by microorganisms or within the body. The patient is usingmedications as well as an alternative therapy which is why complementary therapy is the bestchoice.Rationale3: The patient is using a non-conventional type of treatment (therapeutic touch) that isclassified as complimentary to his conventional pharmacotherapy. Biologic therapy involves the useof naturally produced substances by microorganisms or within the body. The patient is usingmedications as well as an alternative therapy which is why complementary therapy is the bestchoice.Rationale4: The patient is using a non-conventional type of treatment (therapeutic touch) that isclassified as complimentary to his conventional pharmacotherapy. Biologic therapy involves the useof naturally produced substances by microorganisms or within the body. The patient is usingmedications as well as an alternative therapy which is why complementary therapy is the bestchoice.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:UnderstandingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearningOutcome:1-4Question19Type:MCSAHow many years does it generally take to research and develop a drug before it is submitted to theFDAfor review?1.6 years2.5 years3.11 years4.9 yearsCorrectAnswer:3Rationale1: PharmFacts (p.8)Rationale2: PharmFacts (p.8)

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Rationale3: PharmFacts (p.8)Rationale4: PharmFacts (p.8)GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:RememberingClientNeed:Safe Effective Care EnvironmentClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearningOutcome:1-7 and 1-8Question20Type:MCSAA drug manufacturer that is performing the effects of a drug on laboratory animals would be in whichphase of the new drug development timeline?1.Clinical Investigation2.Preclinical Investigation3.New Drug Application Review4.Postmarketing StudiesCorrectAnswer:2Rationale1: Preclinical investigation involves laboratory research on nonhuman subjects.Rationale2: Preclinical investigation involves laboratory research on nonhuman subjects.Rationale3: Preclinical investigation involves laboratory research on nonhuman subjects.Rationale4: Preclinical investigation involves laboratory research on nonhuman subjects.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:UnderstandingClientNeed:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClientNeedSub:

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Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearningOutcome:1-8Question21Type:MCMAThe nurse is categorizing a client’s list of medications completing a health history. Which agentswould be categorized as complementary and alternative medicine?Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.StandardText:Select all that apply.1.Garlic2.Vitamin C3.Zinc4.Aspirin5.BenadrylCorrectAnswer:1,2,3Rationale1: Garlic is considered an herb, which is considered complementary and alternativemedicine therapy.Rationale2: Vitamins are considered complementary and alternative medicine therapy.Rationale3: Zinc is a mineral and is considered complementary and alternative medicine therapy.Rationale4: Aspirin is an over-the-counter medication.Rationale5: Benadryl is an over-the-counter medication.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearningOutcome:1-4

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Question22Type:MCMAWhile reading a medication package inserts the nurse notes the information contained within the“black box.” What is the significance of this information to the nurse?Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.StandardText:Select all that apply.1.The drug can cause “special problems.”2.It identifies extreme adverse drug reactions.3.It differentiates a prescribed medication from an over-the-counter medication.4.It highlights the cost of the medication.5.It signifies the medication is generic.CorrectAnswer:1,2Rationale1: The FDA created boxed warnings in order to regulate drugs with “special problems.”Rationale2: The black box warning is a primary alert for identifying extreme adverse drug reactions.Rationale3: A black box warning is a primary alert for identifying extreme adverse drug reactions. Itis not a mechanism to differentiate a prescribed medication from an over-the-counter medication.Rationale4: A black box warning is a primary alert for identifying extreme adverse drug reactions.Itdoes not highlight the cost of the medication.Rationale5: A black box warning is a primary alert for identifying extreme adverse drug reactions. Itdoes not signify the medication as being generic.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:AnalyzingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Pharmacological and Parenteral TherapiesNursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: PlanningLearningOutcome:1-7Question23

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Type:MCMAThe nurse is participating in the New Drug Review step for a new therapeutic agent. Which activitieswill the nurse most likely perform during this phase of the drug approval process?Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.StandardText:Select all that apply.1.Attend meetings to finalize the brand name for the drug.2.Check on the results of animal testing.3.Survey for harmful effects in a larger population.4.Evaluate the results of the drug on cultured cells.5.Provide the medication to large groups of peoplewith a particular disease.CorrectAnswer:1,2Rationale1: During the NDA or the third stage of the drug approval process the drug’s brand nameis finalized.Rationale2: During the NDA stage of the drug approval process animal testing may continue.Rationale3: Surveying for harmful effects in a larger population occurs during the postmarketingsurveillance step of the drug approval process.Rationale4: Evaluation of the results of the drug on cultured cells occurs during the preclinicalinvestigation step of the drug approval process.Rationale5: Providing the medication to large groups of people with a particular disease occursduring the clinical phase trials which is in the second stage of the drug approval process.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Pharmacological and Parenteral TherapiesNursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:1-8Question24Type:MCMA

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Which statements regarding the role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are true?Note:Creditwillbegivenonlyifallcorrectchoicesandnoincorrectchoicesareselected.StandardText:Select all that apply.1.The FDA is responsible for ensuring the security of human drugs.2.The FDA publishes a summary of the standards of drug purity and strength.3.The FDA ensures the availability of effective drugs.4.The FDA takes action against any supplement that is deemed to be unsafe.5.The FDA facilitates the availability of safe drugs.CorrectAnswer:1,3,4,5Rationale1: The FDA mission is to protect public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, andsecurity of human and veterinary drugs, biologic products, medical devices, the nation’s food supply,cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.Rationale2: It is the role of the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) to publish a summary of drug standards(purity and strength).Rationale3: Ensuring the availability of effective drugs is one of the FDA’s roles.Rationale4: It is the FDA’s role to take action against any supplement that is deemed to be unsafe.Rationale5: It is the role of the FDA to facilitate the availability of safe drugs.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:RememberingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Pharmacological and Parenteral TherapiesNursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:2-4Question25Type:MCMAWhich statements regarding the preclinical research stage of drug development are true?Note:Creditwillbegivenonlyifallcorrectchoicesandnoincorrectchoicesareselected.

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StandardText:Select all that apply.1.Most drugs do not proceed past the preclinical stage because they are found to be too toxic or justineffective.2.At the end of the preclinical research stage, client variability is determined and potential drug-to-drug interactions are examined.3.The preclinical stage of research involves extensive testing on animals in the laboratory todetermine if the drug will cause harm to humans.4.Preclinical research results are always inconclusive.5.The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for extensive testing for safety before thepharmaceutical company can begin the preclinical research stage of development.CorrectAnswer:1,3,4Rationale1: Most drugs do not proceed past the preclinical research stage of development becausethey are found to be either too toxic or just ineffective.Rationale2: Client variability and potential drug-to-drug interactions are examined in Phase 3 of theclinical investigation process after Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.Rationale3: The preclinical stage involves extensive testing on human, microbial cells, and animalsto determine drug action and to predict whether the drug will cause harm to humans.Rationale4: Because lab tests cannot accurately predict human response to a drug, these resultsare always inconclusive.Rationale5: This extensive testing is done by the pharmaceutical company in the preclinicalresearch stage of drug development,not the FDA.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:RememberingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Pharmacological and Parenteral TherapiesNursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:2-5Question26Type:MCMA

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A client says to the admitting nurse, “Why do you need to know the names of all the over-the-countersupplements I take? They aren’t drugs.” Which of the nurse’s responses are appropriate?Note:Creditwillbegivenonlyifallcorrectchoicesandnoincorrectchoicesareselected.StandardText:Select all that apply.1.“The admitting physician needs to know everything you are taking.”2.“You’re right. I’m not sure why the admitting paperwork asks for this information. Would you mindlisting them anyway?”3.“The law requires us to keep a list of over-the-counter drugs and supplements that you aretaking.”4.“It is true that supplements are not considered drugs; however, some of these products can causeadverse effects with prescribed drugs.”5.“We need to know if you are having an allergic reaction to one of them.”CorrectAnswer:1,4Rationale1: The health care providers involved in this client’s care will need to know everything sheis taking—both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC).Rationale2: While it is true that supplements are not considered drugs, there is a specific reasonwhy the health care team needs to know this information, which is the reason for the requested liston the paperwork. The nurse’s answer did not address the client’s question appropriately.Rationale3: No law requires hospitals to keep records of OTC drugs and supplements that clientstake. This information is needed, however, for other reasons.Rationale4: Supplements are not subject to the same regulatory process as drugs, and some ofthese products can cause adverse effects and interact with medications.Rationale5: It is possible that this client could be having an allergic reaction, but there is not enoughinformation to determine this, and this is not the main reason why the health care team needs toknow what OTC medications she is taking.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Pharmacological and Parenteral TherapiesNursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearningOutcome:2-8

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Adams,PharmacologyforNurse:APathophysiologicApproach,4/ECopyright2014byPearsonEducation,Inc.Chapter 2Question1Type:MCSAThe nursing instructor teaches the student nurses about the pharmacological classification of drugs.The instructor evaluates that learning has occurred when the students make which response?1.“An anti-anginal treats angina.”2.“A calcium channel blocker blocks heart calcium channels.”3.“An antihypertensive lowers blood pressure.”4.“An anticoagulant influences blood clotting.”CorrectAnswer:2Rationale1: The pharmacological classification addresses a drug’s mechanism of action, or how adrug produces its effect in the body. To say that a drug influences blood clotting addresses thetherapeutic usefulness of the drug, not the pharmacological classification. To say that a drug treatsangina addresses the therapeutic usefulness of the drug, not the pharmacological classification. Tosay that a drug lowers blood pressure addresses the therapeutic usefulness of the drug, not thepharmacological classification.Rationale2: The pharmacological classification addresses a drug’s mechanism of action, or how adrug produces its effect in the body. To say that a drug influences blood clotting addresses thetherapeutic usefulness of the drug, not the pharmacological classification. To say that a drug treatsangina addresses the therapeutic usefulness of the drug, not the pharmacological classification. Tosay that a drug lowers blood pressure addresses the therapeutic usefulness of the drug, not thepharmacological classification.Rationale3: The pharmacological classification addresses a drug’s mechanism of action, or how adrug produces its effect in the body. To say that adrug influences blood clotting addresses thetherapeutic usefulness of the drug, not the pharmacological classification. To say that a drug treatsangina addresses the therapeutic usefulness of the drug, not the pharmacological classification. Tosay thata drug lowers blood pressure addresses the therapeutic usefulness of the drug, not thepharmacological classification.Rationale4: The pharmacological classification addresses a drug’s mechanism of action, or how adrug produces its effect in the body. Tosay that a drug influences blood clotting addresses thetherapeutic usefulness of the drug, not the pharmacological classification. To say that a drug treatsangina addresses the therapeutic usefulness of the drug, not the pharmacological classification.To

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say that a drug lowers blood pressure addresses the therapeutic usefulness of the drug, not thepharmacological classification.GlobalRationale:CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearningOutcome:2-1Question2Type:MCSAThe nurse is providing medication education to a client with hypertension. The nurse teaches theclient that the physician ordered a diuretic to decrease the amount of fluid in his body. Whichstatement best describes the nurse’s instruction?1.The nurse provided appropriate medication education.2.The nurse explained the drug’s mechanism of action.3.The nurse taught the client about a prototype drug.4.The nurse explained the consequences of not using the drug.CorrectAnswer:2Rationale1: A drug’s mechanism of action explains how a drug produces its effect in the body. Thenurse did not explain the consequences of not using the drug. The nurse is not teaching the clientabouta prototype drug. The education was most likely appropriate, but this response is too vague.Rationale2: A drug’s mechanism of action explains how a drug produces its effect in the body. Thenurse did not explain the consequences of not using the drug. The nurse is not teaching the clientabout a prototype drug. The education was most likely appropriate, but this response is too vague.Rationale3: A drug’s mechanism of action explains how a drug produces its effect in the body. Thenurse did not explain the consequences of not using the drug. The nurse is not teaching the clientabout a prototype drug. The education was most likely appropriate, but this response is too vague.Rationale4: A drug’s mechanism of action explains how a drug produces its effectin the body. Thenurse did not explain the consequences of not using the drug. The nurse is not teaching the clientabout a prototype drug. The education was most likely appropriate, but this response is too vague.GlobalRationale:

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CognitiveLevel:ApplyingClientNeed:Physiological IntegrityClientNeedSub:Nursing/IntegratedConcepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearningOutcome:2-3Question3Type:MCSADuring pharmacology class, the student nurse asks the nursing instructor how students will everlearn about the individual antibiotic drugs since there are so many. What is the best response by thenursing instructor?1.“You will learn a little trick called mnemonics.”2.“You will learn how to do a flow chart to enhance memory.”3.“You will learn how to categorize the individual drugs.”4.“You will learn a representative drug from each class.”CorrectAnswer:4Rationale1: A prototype, or representative, drug is the well-understood drug model from whichother drugs in a pharmacological class are compared. Categorizing individual drugs is not the bestway to learn about drugs. Using mnemonics is not the best way to learn about drugs. Flow chartsare not the best way to learn about drugs.Rationale2: A prototype, or representative, drug is the well-understood drug model from whichother drugs in a pharmacological class are compared. Categorizing individual drugs is not the bestway to learn about drugs. Using mnemonics is not the best way to learn about drugs. Flow chartsare not the best way to learn about drugs.Rationale3: A prototype, or representative, drug is the well-understood drug model from whichother drugs in a pharmacological class are compared. Categorizing individual drugs is not the bestway to learn about drugs. Using mnemonics is not the best way to learn about drugs. Flow chartsare not the best way to learn about drugs.Rationale4: A prototype, or representative, drug is the well-understood drug model from whichother drugs in a pharmacological class are compared. Categorizing individual drugs is not the bestway to learn about drugs. Using mnemonics is not the best way to learn about drugs. Flow chartsare not the best way to learn about drugs.GlobalRationale:

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