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University Physics with Modern Physics, 14th Edition Test Bank

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    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The current definition of the standard meter of length is based on A) the length of a particular object kept in France. B) the distance between the earth's equator and north pole. C) the distance traveled by light in a vacuum. D) the distance between the earth and the sun. 1) 2) The current definition of the standard second of time is based on A) the frequency of radiation emitted by cesium atoms. B) the duration of one year. C) the earth's rotation rate. D) the oscillation of a particular pendulum kept in France. 2) 3) The current definition of the standard kilogram of mass is based on A) the mass of the earth. B) the mass a particular object kept in France. C) the mass of the sun. D) the mass of a cesium-133 atom. 3) 4) If a woman weighs 125 lb, her mass expressed in kilograms is x kg, where x is A) less than 125. B) greater than 125. 4) 5) If a tree is 15 m tall, its height expressed in feet is x ft, where x is A) less than 15. B) greater than 15. 5) 6) If a flower is 6.5 cm wide, its width expressed in millimeters is x mm, where x is A) less than 6.5. B) greater than 6.5. 6) 7) If an operatic aria lasts for 5.75 min, its length expressed in seconds is x s, where x is A) less than 5.75. B) greater than 5.75. 7) 8) Scientists use the metric system chiefly because it is more accurate than the English system. A) True B) False 8) 9) When adding two numbers, the number of significant figures in the sum is equal to the number of significant figures in the least accurate of the numbers being added. A) True B) False 9) 10) When determining the number of significant figures in a number, zeroes to the left of the decimal point are never counted. A) True B) False 10) 1

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    11) Which of the following is an accurate statement? A) Rotating a vector about an axis passing through the tip of the vector does not change the vector. B) The magnitude of a vector can be zero even though one of its components is not zero. C) It is possible to add a scalar quantity to a vector. D) The magnitude of a vector is independent of the coordinate system used. E) Even though two vectors have unequal magnitudes, it is possible that their vector sum is zero. 11) 12) If A - B = 0, then the vectors A and B have equal magnitudes and are directed in the opposite directions from each other. A) True B) False 12) 13) Under what condition is | A - B | = A + B ? A) The magnitude of vector B is zero. B) Vectors A and B are in the same direction. C) Vectors A and B are in opposite directions. D) Vectors A and B a re in perpendicular directions. E) The statement is never true. 13) 14) If A > B , under what condition is | A - B | = A - B ? A) Vectors A and B are in opposite directions. B) Vectors A and B are in the same direction. C) Vectors A and B re in perpendicular directions. D) The statement is never true. E) The statement is always true. 14) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 15) For the vectors shown in the figure, express vector S in terms of vectors M and N . 15) 2

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    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 16) The magnitude of a vector can never be less than the magnitude of one of its components. A) True B) False 16) 17) If the magnitude of vector A is less than the magnitude of vector B , then the x component of A is less than the x component of B . A) True B) False 17) 18) If the eastward component of vector A is equal to the westward component of vector B and their northward components are equal. Which one of the following statements about these two vectors is correct? A) Vector A is parallel to vector B . B) The magnitude of vector A is twice the magnitude of vector B . C) Vectors A and B point in opposite directions. D) The magnitude of vector A is equal to the magnitude of vector B . E) Vector A is perpendicular to vector B . 18) 19) If all the components of a vector are equal to 1, then that vector is a unit vector. A) True B) False 19) 20) If the dot product of two nonzero vectors is zero, the vectors must be perpendicular to each other. A) True B) False 20) 21) If two nonzero vectors point in the same direction, their dot product must be zero. A) True B) False 21) 22) The value of the dot product of two vectors depends on the particular coordinate system being used. A) True B) False 22) 23) If two vectors are perpendicular to each other, their cross product must be zero. A) True B) False 23) 24) If two vectors point in opposite directions, their cross product must be zero. A) True B) False 24) 3

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    25) If A and B are nonzero vectors for which A ∙ B = 0, it must follow that A) | A × B | = AB. B) A is parallel to B . C) | A × B | = 1. D) A × B = 0. 25) 26) Convert 1.2 × 10-3 to decimal notation. A) 1.200 B) 0.1200 C) 0.0120 D) 0.0012 E) 0.00012 26) 27) Write out the number 7.35 × 10-5 in full with a decimal point and correct number of zeros. A) 0.00000735 B) 0.0000735 C) 0.000735 D) 0.00735 E) 0.0735 27) 28) 0.0001776 can also be expressed as A) 1.776 × 10-3. B) 1.776 × 10-4. C) 17.72 × 104. D) 1772 × 105. E) 177.2 × 107. 28) 29) 0.00325 × 10-8 cm can also be expressed in mm as A) 3.25 × 10-12 mm. B) 3.25 × 10-11 mm. C) 3.25 × 10-10 mm. D) 3.25 × 10-9 mm. E) 3.25 × 10-8 mm. 29) 30) If, in a parallel universe, π has the value 3.14149, express π in that universe to four significant figures. A) 3.141 B) 3.142 C) 3.1415 D) 3.1414 30) 31) The number 0.003010 has A) 7 significant figures. B) 6 significant figures. C) 4 significant figures. D) 2 significant figures. 31) 32) What is 0.674 0.74 to the proper number of significant figures? A) 0.91 B) 0.911 C) 0.9 D) 0.9108 32) 4

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    33) What is the value of π(8.104) 2, written with the correct number of significant figures? A) 206.324 B) 206.323 C) 206.3 D) 206 E) 200 33) 34) What is the sum of 1123 and 10.3 written with the correct number of significant figures? A) 1.13 × 103 B) 1.1 × 103 C) 1133.3 D) 1133.3000 E) 1133 34) 35) What is the sum of 1.53 + 2.786 + 3.3 written with the correct number of significant figures? A) 8 B) 7.6 C) 7.62 D) 7.616 E) 7.6160 35) 36) What is the difference between 103.5 and 102.24 written with the correct number of significant figures? A) 1 B) 1.3 C) 1.26 D) 1.260 E) 1.2600 36) 37) What is the product of 11.24 and 1.95 written with the correct number of significant figures? A) 22 B) 21.9 C) 21.92 D) 21.918 E) 21.9180 37) 38) What is the result of 1.58 ÷ 3.793 written with the correct number of significant figures? A) 4.2 × 10-1 B) 4.1656 × 10 -1 C) 4.166 × 10 -1 D) 4.17 × 10 -1 E) 4 × 10 -1 38) 39) What is 34 + (3) × (1.2465) written with the correct number of significant figures? A) 4 × 101 B) 37.7 C) 37.74 D) 37.7395 E) 38 39) 40) What is 56 + (32.00)/(1.2465 + 3.45) written with the correct number of significant figures? A) 62.812 B) 62.8 C) 63 D) 62.81 E) 62.8123846 40) 5

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    41) Add 3685 g and 66.8 kg and express your answer in milligrams (mg). A) 7.05 × 107 mg B) 7.05 × 105 mg C) 7.05 × 104 mg D) 7.05 × 106 mg 41) 42) Express (4.3 × 106)-1/2 in scientific notation. A) 2.1 × 104 B) 2.1 × 103 C) 2.1 × 10-5 D) 4.8 × 10-4 42) 43) What is 0.2052/3, expressed to the proper number of significant figures? A) 0.35 B) 0.3 C) 0.348 D) 0.3477 43) 44) The length and width of a rectangle are 1.125 m and 0.606 m, respectively. Multiplying, your calculator gives the product as 0.68175. Rounding properly to the correct number of significant figures, the area should be written as A) 0.7 m2. B) 0.68 m2. C) 0.682 m2. D) 0.6818 m2. E) 0.68175 m2. 44) 45) The following exact conversion equivalents are given: 1 m = 100 cm, 1 in = 2.54 cm, and 1 ft = 12 in. If a computer screen has an area of 1.27 ft2, this area is closest to A) 0.284 m2. B) 0.00284 m2. C) 4.65 m 2 . D) 0.0465 m 2 . E) 0.118 m 2 . 45) 46) In addition to 1 m = 39.37 in., the following exact conversion equivalents are given: 1 mile = 5280 ft, 1 hour = 60 min, and 1 min = 60 s. If a particle has a velocity of 8.4 miles per hour, its velocity, in m/s, is closest to A) 3.0 m/s. B) 4.5 m/s. C) 4.1 m/s. D) 3.4 m/s. E) 3.8 m/s. 46) 47) A weight lifter can bench press 171 kg. How many milligrams (mg) is this? A) 1.71 × 108 mg B) 1.71 × 109 mg C) 1.71 × 107 mg D) 1.71 × 106 mg 47) 48) How many nanoseconds does it take for a computer to perform one calculation if it performs 6.7 × 107 calculations per second? A) 67 ns B) 11 ns C) 15 ns D) 65 ns 48) 6

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    49) The shortest wavelength of visible light is approximately 400 nm. Express this wavelength in centimeters. A) 4 × 10-11 cm B) 4 × 10-5 cm C) 4 × 10-7 cm D) 4 × 10-9 cm E) 400 × 10-11 cm 49) 50) The wavelength of a certain laser is 0.35 micrometers, where 1 micrometer = 1 × 10-6 m. Express this wavelength in nanometers. A) 3.5 × 104 nm B) 3.5 × 102 nm C) 3.5 × 103 nm D) 3.5 × 101 nm 50) 51) A certain CD-ROM disk can store approximately 6.0 × 102 megabytes of information, where 106 bytes = 1 megabyte. If an average word requires 9.0 bytes of storage, how many words can be stored on one disk? A) 2.1 × 107 words B) 2.0 × 109 words C) 5.4 × 109 words D) 6.7 × 107 words 51) 52) A plot of land contains 5.8 acres. How many square meters does it contain? [1 acre = 43,560 ft2] A) 5.0 × 104 m2 B) 7.1 × 103 m2 C) 7.0 × 104 m2 D) 2.3 × 104 m2 52) 53) A person on a diet loses 1.6 kg in a week. How many micrograms/second ( μ g/s) are lost? A) 2.6 × 103 μ g/s B) 1.6 × 105 μ g/s C) 6.4 × 104 μ g/s D) 44 μ g/s 53) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 54) Albert uses as his unit of length (for walking to visit his neighbors or plowing his fields) the albert (A), the distance Albert can throw a small rock. One albert is 92 meters. How many square alberts is equal to one acre? (1 acre = 43,560 ft2 = 4050 m2) 54) 7

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    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 55) Convert a speed of 4.50 km/h to units of ft/min. (1.00 m = 3.28 ft) A) 886 ft/min B) 82.3 ft/min C) 165 ft/min D) 0.246 ft/min E) 246 ft/min 55) 56) The exhaust fan on a typical kitchen stove pulls 600 CFM (cubic feet per minute) through the filter. Given that 1.00 in. = 2.54 cm, how many cubic meters per second does this fan pull? A) 3.05 m3/sec B) 32.8 m3/sec C) 0.283 m3/sec D) 0.328 m3/sec 56) 57) The mass of a typical adult woman is closest to A) 35 kg. B) 20 kg. C) 75 kg. D) 150 kg. 57) 58) The height of the ceiling in a typical home, apartment, or dorm room is closest to A) 100 cm. B) 200 cm. C) 400 cm. D) 500 cm. 58) 59) Approximately how many times does an average human heart beat in a year? A) 4 × 105 B) 4 × 108 C) 4 × 107 D) 4 × 109 E) 4 × 106 59) 60) Approximately how many times does an average human heart beat in a lifetime? A) 3 × 10 10 B) 3 × 10 9 C) 3 × 10 7 D) 3 × 108 E) 3 × 1011 60) 61) Approximately how many pennies would you have to stack to reach an average 8-foot ceiling? A) 2 × 10 4 B) 2 × 10 5 C) 2 × 10 3 D) 2 × 10 2 E) 2 × 10 6 61) 62) Estimate the number of times the earth will rotate on its axis during a human's lifetime. A) 3 × 105 B) 3 × 108 C) 3 × 104 D) 3 × 106 E) 3 × 107 62) 63) Estimate the number of pennies that would fit in a box one foot long by one foot wide by one foot tall. A) 5 × 10 3 B) 5 × 10 4 C) 5 × 10 6 D) 5 × 10 5 E) 5 × 10 2 63) 8

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    64) A marathon is 26 mi and 385 yd long. Estimate how many strides would be required to run a marathon. Assume a reasonable value for the average number of feet/stride. A) 4.5 × 104 strides B) 4.5 × 105 strides C) 4.5 × 103 strides D) 4.5 × 106 strides 64) 65) The period of a pendulum is the time it takes the pendulum to swing back and forth once. If the only dimensional quantities that the period depends on are the acceleration of gravity, g , and the length of the pendulum, ℓ , what combination of g and ℓ must the period be proportional to? (Acceleration has SI units of m • s-2.) A) g ℓ 2 B) ℓ/ g C) g ℓ D) g ℓ E) g /ℓ 65) 66) The speed of a wave pulse on a string depends on the tension, F , in the string and the mass per unit length, μ , of the string. Tension has SI units of kg • m • s -2 and the mass per unit length has SI units of kg • m-1. What combination of F and μ must the speed of the wave be proportional to? A) F / μ B) μ / F C) F / μ D) μ / F E) μF 66) 67) The position x , in meters, of an object is given by the equation x = A + Bt + Ct 2, where t represents time in seconds. What are the SI units of A , B , and C ? A) m, m/s, m/s2 B) m, m, m C) m/s, m/s2, m/s3 D) m, s, s E) m, s, s2 67) 68) You walk 55 m to the north, then turn 60° to your right and walk another 45 m. How far are you from where you originally started? A) 46 m B) 50 m C) 87 m D) 94 m 68) 9

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    69) Vectors A and B are shown in the figure. Vector C is given by C = B - A . The magnitude of vector A is 16.0 units, and the magnitude of vector B is 7.00 units. What is the magnitude of vector C ? A) 9.00 B) 17.5 C) 16.2 D) 9.53 E) 15.5 69) 70) Vectors A and B are shown in the figure. Vector C is given by C = B - A . The magnitude of vector A is 16.0 units, and the magnitude of vector B is 7.00 units. What is the angle of vector C , measured counterclockwise from the + x -axis? A) 22.4° B) 292° C) 287° D) 73.1° E) 16.9° 70) 10

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    71) A rabbit trying to escape a fox runs north for 8.0 m, darts northwest for 1.0 m, then drops 1.0 m down a hole into its burrow. What is the magnitude of the net displacement of the rabbit? A) 10 m B) 8.8 m C) 8.1 m D) 66 m 71) 72) You walk 53 m to the north, then turn 60° to your right and walk another 45 m. Determine the direction of your displacement vector. Express your answer as an angle relative to east. A) 63° N of E B) 69° N of E C) 57° N of E D) 50° N of E 72) 73) Vector A has a magnitude 5.00 and points in a direction 40.0° clockwise from the negative y axis. What are the x and y components of vector A . A) A x = 4.29 and A y = 2.16 B) A x = -3.21 and A y = 3.83 C) A x = 3.83 and A y = 3.21 D) A x = 3.83 and A y = -3.21 E) A x = -3.21 and A y = -3.83 73) 74) The components of vector A are A x = + 3.90 and A y = -4.00. What is the angle measured counterclockwise from the +x-axis to vector A ? A) 136° B) 314° C) 224° D) 134° E) 46.0° 74) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 75) Vector A has a magnitude of 5.5 cm and points along the x -axis. Vector B has a magnitude of 7.5 cm and points at +30° above the negative x -axis. (a) Determine the x and y components of Vector A . (b) Determine the x and y components of Vector B . (c) Determine x and y components of the sum of these two vectors. (d) Determine the magnitude and direction of the sum of these two vectors. 75) 11

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    76) Vector A has a magnitude of 75.0 cm and points at 30° above the positive x -axis. Vector B has a magnitude of 25.0 cm and points along the negative x -axis. Vector C has a magnitude of 40.0 cm and points at 45° below the negative x -axis. (a) Determine the x and y components of Vector A . (b) Determine the x and y components of Vector B . (c) Determine the x and y components of Vector C . (d) Determine x and y components of the sum of these three vectors. (e) Determine the magnitude and direction of the sum of these three vectors. 76) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 77) A helicopter is flying horizontally with a speed of 444 m/s over a hill that slopes upward with a 2% grade (that is, the "rise" is 2% of the "run"). What is the component of the helicopter's velocity perpendicular to the sloping surface of the hill? A) 444 m/s B) 220 m/s C) 8.9 m/s D) 435 m/s 77) 78) An apple falls from an apple tree growing on a 20° slope. The apple hits the ground with an impact velocity of 16.2 m/s straight downward. What is the component of the apple's impact velocity parallel to the surface of the slope? A) 15 m/s B) 8.7 m/s C) 12 m/s D) 5.5 m/s 78) 79) The components of vector A are A x = +2.2 and A y = -6.9, and the components of vector B are given are B x = -6.1 and B y = -2.2. What is the magnitude of the vector B - A ? A) 6.1 B) 9.5 C) 9.9 D) 0.76 E) 91 79) 80) The components of vector B are B x = -3.5 and B y = -9.7, and the components of vector C are C x = -6 and C y = +8.1. What is the angle (less than 180 degrees) between vectors B and C ? A) 17° B) 106° C) 56° D) 124° E) 163° 80) 81) An airplane undergoes the following displacements: First, it flies 66 km in a direction 30° east of north. Next, it flies 49 km due south. Finally, it flies 100 km 30° north of west. Using vector components, determine how far the airplane ends up from its starting point. A) 78 km B) 76 km C) 79 km D) 82 km E) 81 km 81) 12

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    SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 82) In the figure, the magnitude of vector A is 18.0 units, and the magnitude of vector B is 12.0 units. What vector C must be added to the vectors A and B so that the resultant of these three vectors points in the - x direction and has a magnitude of 7.50 units? Use vector components to find your answer, and express vector C by giving its magnitude and the angle it makes with the + x -axis taking counterclockwise to be positive. 82) 13

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    MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 83) Three forces are exerted on an object placed on a tilted floor. Forces are vectors. The three forces are directed as shown in the figure. If the forces have magnitudes F 1 = 1.0 N, F 2 = 8.0 N and F 3 = 7.0 N, where N is the standard unit of force, what is the component of the net force F net = F 1 + F 2 + F 3 parallel to the floor? A) 6.0 N B) 7.8 N C) 5.1 N D) 2.5 N 83) 84) As shown in the figure, three force vectors act on an object. The magnitudes of the forces as shown in the figure are F 1 = 80.0 N, F 2 = 60.0 N, and F 3 = 40.0 N, where N is the standard SI unit of force. The resultant force acting on the object is given by A) 180 N at an angle 60.0° with respect to + x -axis. B) 40.0 N at an angle 60.0° with respect to +x -axis. C) 35.5 N at an angle 34.3° with respect to + x -axis. D) 60.0 N at an angle 90.0° with respect to + x -axis. E) 20.0 N at an angle 34.3° with respect to + x -axis. 84) 14

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    85) A teacher sends her students on a treasure hunt. She gives the following instructions: 1. Walk 300 m north. 2. Walk 400 m northwest. 3. Walk 700 m east-southeast and the treasure is buried there. As all the other students walk off following the instructions, Jane physics student quickly adds the displacements and walks in a straight line to find the treasure. How far and in what direction does Jane need to walk? A) 187 m in a direction 67.3° north of east B) 481 m in a direction 40.9° north of east C) 284 m in a direction 28.2° west of north D) 399 m in a direction 52.5° north of east E) The treasure position cannot be reached in one straight walk. 85) 86) Vector A = -3.00 i ^ + 3.00 j ^ and vector B = 3.00 i ^ + 4.00 j ^ . What is vector C = A + B ? A) 7.00 i ^ + 7.00 j ^ B) -3.00 i ^ + 7.00 j ^ C) 0.00 i ^ + 7.00 j ^ D) -3.00 i ^ - 3.00 j ^ E) 0.00 i ^ + 3.00 j ^ 86) 87) Vector A = 1.00 i ^ + -2.00 j ^ and vector B = 3.00 i ^ + 4.00 j ^ . What are the magnitude and direction of vector C = A + B ? A) 7.21 in a direction 33.7° counterclockwise from the positive x axis B) 7.21 in a direction 56.3° counterclockwise from the positive x axis C) 4.47 in a direction 26.6° counterclockwise from the positive x axis D) 6.00 in a direction 63.4° counterclockwise from the positive x axis E) 4.47 in a direction 6.34° counterclockwise from the positive x axis 87) 88) What is the magnitude of A + B + C , where A = 1.00 i ^ + 4.00 j ^ - 1.00 k ^ , B = 3.00 i ^ - 1.00 j ^ - 4.00 k ^ and C = -1.00 i ^ + 1.00 j ^ ? A) 8.12 B) 2.00 C) 6.78 D) 7.07 E) 10.76 88) 89) If A = +4 i ^ - 2 j ^ - 3 k ^ and C = -4 i ^ -2 j ^ - 3 k ^ , which of the following numbers is closest to the magnitude of A - C ? A) 10 B) 8 C) 11 D) 7 E) 9 89) 15

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