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What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)?
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)?
KMT is a model that explains the behavior of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of the motion of their particles.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What is Brownian motion?
The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas, caused by collisions with molecules of the liquid or gas.
What evidence did Brownian motion provide?
It provided evidence for the existence of atoms/molecules, which are invisible to powerful microscopes.
List the three assumptions of the KMT.
1. Matter is composed of small particles (atoms/molecules). 2. These particles are in constant, random motion. 3. Collisions between particles do not ...
Define diffusion.
Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)? | KMT is a model that explains the behavior of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of the motion of their particles. |
What are the three states of matter? | Solid, liquid, and gas. |
What is Brownian motion? | The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas, caused by collisions with molecules of the liquid or gas. |
What evidence did Brownian motion provide? | It provided evidence for the existence of atoms/molecules, which are invisible to powerful microscopes. |
List the three assumptions of the KMT. | 1. Matter is composed of small particles (atoms/molecules). 2. These particles are in constant, random motion. 3. Collisions between particles do not result in a loss of kinetic energy. |
Define diffusion. | Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
Why does diffusion occur? | Diffusion occurs because of Brownian motion. |
How do HCl and NH3 gases diffuse differently? | HCl gas particles are larger and diffuse slower, while NH3 gas particles are smaller and diffuse faster. |
What characterizes the three states of matter? | Movement of particles, spacing/arrangement of particles, and attraction between particles. |
Describe the characteristics of solids. | Particles have little kinetic energy, vibrate about a fixed position, are arranged in a fixed pattern, and have strong forces of attraction. |
Describe the characteristics of liquids. | Particles have moderate kinetic energy, slip and slide over each other, have limited space between them, and moderate forces of attraction. |
Describe the characteristics of gases. | Particles have large kinetic energy, move randomly, have large spaces between them, and weak forces of attraction. |
What is temperature? | Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter. |
What is heat? | Heat is energy in transit due to a difference in temperature, flowing from hot to colder regions. |
Define pressure in terms of gases. | Pressure is the force exerted per unit area, caused by collisions of particles. |
What is melting (or fusion)? | The process during which a solid changes to a liquid by the application of heat. |
What is freezing? | The process during which a liquid changes to a solid by the removal of heat. |
What is vaporization? | The process during which a liquid changes to a gas by the application of heat. |
Differentiate between boiling and evaporation. | Boiling occurs at a fixed temperature and is faster, while evaporation can occur at any temperature below boiling point and is slower. |
What is condensation? | The process during which a gas changes to a liquid, either by cooling or increased pressure. |
What is sublimation? | The process during which a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through a liquid phase. |
What is deposition? | The process during which a gas changes directly into a solid without passing through a liquid phase. |
What is the melting point? | The fixed temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid when sufficient heat is applied. |
What is the boiling point? | The fixed temperature at which the vapor pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure. |
What happens during evaporation? | High energy particles at the surface escape into the gas phase, decreasing the average kinetic energy of the remaining particles. |
What happens during boiling? | Atmospheric pressure is balanced by vapor pressure, allowing bubbles to form and rise to the surface. |
What is a heating curve? | A graph showing how the temperature of a substance changes as it is heated. |
What does a heating curve illustrate? | It illustrates phases of warming up, melting, boiling, and the increase of kinetic energy in different states. |
What is latent heat? | The heat absorbed or released during a phase change, without a change in temperature. |
How does atmospheric pressure affect boiling point? | Higher atmospheric pressure increases the boiling point, while lower pressure decreases it. |