5 Steps to a 5: 500 AP Statistics Questions to Know by Test Day (2020)

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Copyright©2020,2017,2012byMcGraw-HillEducation.Allrightsreserved.ExceptaspermittedundertheUnitedStatesCopyrightActof1976,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretrievalsystem,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.ISBN:978-1-26-045980-7MHID:~~1-26-045980-2ThematerialinthiseBookalsoappearsintheprintversionofthistitle:ISBN:978-1-26-045979-1,MHID:1-26-045979-9.eBookconversionbycodeMantraVersion1.0Alltrademarksaretrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Ratherthanputatrademarksymbolaftereveryoccurrenceofatrademarkedname,weusenamesinaneditorialfashiononly,andtothebenefitofthetrademarkowner,withnointentionofinfringementofthetrademark.Wheresuchdesignationsappearinthisbook,theyhavebeenprintedwithinitialcaps.McGraw-HillEducationeBooksareavailableatspecialquantitydiscountstouseaspremiumsandsalespromotionsorforuseincorporatetrainingprograms.Tocontactarepresentative,pleasevisittheContactUspageatwww.mhprofessional.com.McGraw-HillEducation,theMcGraw-HillEducationlogo,5Stepstoa5,andrelatedtradedressaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofMcGraw-HillEducationand/oritsaffiliatesintheUnitedStatesandothercountriesandmaynotbeusedwithoutwrittenpermission.Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.McGraw-HillEducationisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.AP,AdvancedPlacementProgram,andCollegeBoardareregisteredtrademarksoftheCollegeBoard,whichwasnotinvolvedintheproductionof,anddoesnotendorse,thisproduct.

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TERMSOFUSEThisisacopyrightedworkandMcGraw-HillEducationanditslicensorsreserveallrightsinandtothework.Useofthisworkissubjecttotheseterms.ExceptaspermittedundertheCopyrightActof1976andtherighttostoreandretrieveonecopyofthework,youmaynotdecompile,disassemble,reverseengineer,reproduce,modify,createderivativeworksbasedupon,transmit,distribute,disseminate,sell,publishorsublicensetheworkoranypartofitwithoutMcGraw-HillEducation’spriorconsent.Youmayusetheworkforyourownnoncommercialandpersonaluse;anyotheruseoftheworkisstrictlyprohibited.Yourrighttousetheworkmaybeterminatedifyoufailtocomplywiththeseterms.THEWORKISPROVIDED“ASIS.”McGRAW-HILLEDUCATIONANDITSLICENSORSMAKENOGUARANTEESORWARRANTIESASTOTHEACCURACY,ADEQUACYORCOMPLETENESSOFORRESULTSTOBEOBTAINEDFROMUSINGTHEWORK,INCLUDINGANYINFORMATIONTHATCANBEACCESSEDTHROUGHTHEWORKVIAHYPERLINKOROTHERWISE,ANDEXPRESSLYDISCLAIMANYWARRANTY,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTOIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITYORFITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.McGraw-HillEducationanditslicensorsdonotwarrantorguaranteethatthefunctionscontainedintheworkwillmeetyourrequirementsorthatitsoperationwillbeuninterruptedorerrorfree.NeitherMcGraw-HillEducationnoritslicensorsshallbeliabletoyouoranyoneelseforanyinaccuracy,errororomission,regardlessofcause,intheworkorforanydamagesresultingtherefrom.McGraw-HillEducationhasnoresponsibilityforthecontentofanyinformationaccessedthroughthework.UndernocircumstancesshallMcGraw-HillEducationand/oritslicensorsbeliableforanyindirect,incidental,special,punitive,consequentialorsimilardamagesthatresultfromtheuseoforinabilitytousethework,evenifanyofthemhasbeenadvisedofthepossibilityofsuchdamages.Thislimitationofliabilityshallapplytoanyclaimorcausewhatsoeverwhethersuchclaimorcausearisesincontract,tortorotherwise.

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IntroductionChapter1OverviewofBasicStatisticsQuestions1-20Chapter2One-VariableDataAnalysisQuestions21-70Chapter3Two-VariableDataAnalysisQuestions71-120Chapter4DesignofaStudy:Sampling,Surveys,andExperimentsQuestions121-170Chapter5ProbabilityandRandomVariablesQuestions171-225Chapter6BinomialDistribution,GeometricDistribution,andSamplingQuestions226-280Chapter7ConfidenceIntervalsQuestions281-330Chapter8InferenceforMeansandProportionsQuestions331-390Chapter9InferenceforRegressionQuestions391-445

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Chapter10InferenceforCategoricalDataQuestions446-500Answers

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INTRODUCTIONCongratulations!You’vetakenabigsteptowardAPsuccessbypurchasing5Stepstoa5:500APStatisticsQuestionstoKnowbyTestDay.WeareheretohelpyoutakethenextstepandscorehighonyourAPExamsoyoucanearncollegecreditsandgetintothecollegeoruniversityofyourchoice.Thisbookgivesyou500AP-stylequestionsthatcoverallthemostessentialcoursematerial.Eachquestionhasadetailedanswerexplanationthatcanbefoundatthebackofthebook.ThesequestionswillgiveyouvaluableindependentpracticetosupplementyourregulartextbookandthegroundworkyouarealreadydoinginyourAPclassroom.ThisandtheotherbooksinthisserieswerewrittenbyexpertAPteacherswhoknowyourexaminsideoutandcanidentifythecrucialexaminformationaswellasquestionsthataremostlikelytoappearontheexam.YoumightbethekindofstudentwhotakesseveralAPcoursesandneedstostudyextraquestionsthroughouttheyear.Oryoumightbethekindofstudentwhoputsoffpreparinguntilthelastweeksbeforetheexam.Nomatterwhatyourpreparationstyleis,youwillsurelybenefitfromreviewingthese500questions,whichcloselyparallelthecontent,format,anddegreeofdifficultyofthequestionsontheactualAPexam.Thesequestionsandtheiranswerexplanationsaretheideallast-minutestudytoolforthosefinalfewweeksbeforethetest.Remembertheoldsaying,“Practicemakesperfect.”Ifyoupracticewithallthequestionsandanswersinthisbook,wearecertainyouwillbuildtheskillsandconfidenceyou’llneedtodowellontheexam.Goodluck!—EditorsofMcGraw-HillEducation

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CHAPTEROverviewofBasicStatistics1.Astudentisconductingasurveyofhisclassmates.Inhisquestionnaire,hehasaskedforseveralfactors,includingthestudent’sraceandgender.Thestudentplanstousethisdatatoconductaregressionontheimpactofthesevariablesongrades.Theteacherhasadvisedhimtouseadifferentsetofvariables.Whyisitdifficulttomakeanykindofmeaningfulcalculationsbasedonthesetwospecificvariables?(A)Becausebothgenderandraceareexamplesofquantitativedataandsuchdataisnotsuitedforanykindofstatisticalanalysis.(B)Becausegenderisanexampleofcategoricaldata,whileraceisanexampleofdiscretedata,anditisnotpossibletousetheminthesamecalculation.(C)Becausegenderisanexampleofdiscretedata,whileraceisanexampleofcontinuousdata,anditisnotpossibletoconsiderthembothwithoutincludingadummyvariable.(D)Becausebothgenderandraceareexamplesofcontinuousdataandusingthemformeaningfulcalculationsisnotpossiblewithoutperformingsomekindofstatisticaltransformation.(E)Becausebothgenderandraceareexamplesofcategoricaldata,andbothofthemcanonlybeexpressedasdummyvariables,whichmakesthemill-suitedforthestudent’sproject.2.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofquantitativedata?(A)RadiationlevelsinmilliremsoffoodinJapan

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(B)Fashionablecolorsbyseasonoftheyear(C)Gender(D)Highschoolgradelevel-freshman,sophomore,junior,orsenior(E)Favoritesport3.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofdiscretedata?(A)Lifetime(inhours)of35fluorescentlightbulbs(B)Weightsofdogs(inpounds)attheSealBeachAnimalCareCenter(C)Temperature(inFahrenheit)ofthePacificOceanatHuntingtonBeach(D)NumberofhamburgerssoldeachdayatHamburgerMary’s(E)Amountofcaffeine(inmilligrams)for8ouncesofpopulardrinks4.AstockbrokertradingontheNewYorkStockExchangeisobservingareportofchangingvaluesfortheNASDAQ100.Whyisthisanexampleofcontinuousdata?(A)Becausethisdataonlyhastwobinaryoptions.(B)Becausethisdatacanonlybequalitative.(C)Becauseitcantakeanymeasurewithinacertainrange.(D)Becauseitcanonlybeexpressedasadummyvariable.(E)Becausesuchdatacannotbeusedforanykindofstatisticalanalysis.5.TheDepartmentofJusticeispreparingasummaryreportofallcrimesfor2018.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofdescriptivestatisticstoevaluatethedatasetitisconsidering?(A)Tryingtounderstandkeyreasonsfortheincreaseinthecrimeratebyusingrelevantpsychologicalandsociologicaltheories(B)DeterminingthatthelargestnumberofcrimesinalargercityintheUnitedStateswas34crimesper1,000residents(C)Conductingaliteraturereviewtoprojectcriminaltrendsinthefuture(D)Determiningthattheviolentcrimeratefor2019,basedonaregressiveprojection,willbehigherby2%

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(E)Conductingahigh-lowanalysistoprojectthevalueofthe2019murderrate6.Choosethestatementbelowthatdescribestheuseofinferentialstatistics.(A)TheaveragegradeonTest3inSpringSemesterCollegeAlgebrawas63%.(B)“Byassessingthecolorationandstateofhealthof195free-livingurbanpigeons,theyfoundthatdarkerpigeonshadlowerconcentrationsofabloodparasitecalledhaemosporidian.”(C)U.S.DepartmentofEducationdatafrom2007-2008foundthatKIPPcharterschoolsreceived$12,731perstudent.(D)TheaverageageofstudentsinBiology101is23.5years.(E)ThestandarddeviationofthepainscoresfromtheTylenoltreatmentgroupwas1.25.7.Acompanyispreparinganinvestor’sreportforthepreviousyear.Whyismakingaregressionprojectionfornextyear’sstockvalueanexampleofinferentialstatistics?(A)Becauseitmakesastatisticallyrelevantprojectionthatalwaysexcludesthepasttrendsofvariables(B)Becauseitusesthemeanofthedatasettomakeaneducatedguessaboutthevalueofthestocknextyear(C)Becauseitusesacombinationofobservingtheminimumandmaximumvaluestoobservethedata(D)Becauseitconductsananalysisoftheexistingdatasetandprovidesaconclusionbasedonthatdata(E)Becauseitdependsonunderstandingtheexistingliteraturetounderstandthetrendsinthestockmarket8.Choosethestatementbelowthatdescribesaparameter.(A)Galluppollon“lifeevaluation”showing53%“thriving”and44%“struggling”(B)Proportionofwrinkledpeasinasamplecollectedinanorganicgarden(C)Thestandarddeviationoftheageofstudentsattending

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communitycollegebasedon10representativesfromeachcampus(D)AveragesalaryofallprofessorsatSanFranciscoCityCollege(E)Averageconcentrationoflacticacidin30samplesofcheddarcheesefromCheddarGorge,UK9.Aresearcherisconsideringtheimpactofavirusthattargetsaparticularstrainofvegetablesinthreedifferentlocationsaroundtheglobe.Elsewhere,acollegeprofessorisinterestedinfindingouthowpopularaparticularpoliticalcandidateis.Howaretheresearchmethodsforthesetwoscenariosdifferent?(A)Themosteffectivewayofinvestigatingtheresearcher’sdilemmaisasurvey,whilethecollegeprofessorshouldconductaliteraturereview.(B)Themosteffectivewayofinvestigatingtheresearcher’sdilemmaisanexperiment,whilethecollegeprofessorshouldconductasurvey.(C)Bothofthemwouldreceivethebestresultsthroughconductingasurveyofthegeneralpopulation.(D)Themosteffectivewayofinvestigatingtheresearcher’sdilemmaisaliteraturereview,whilethecollegeprofessorshouldusesomeformofinferentialstatistics.(E)Bothofthemshouldmakearegressionmodeltomakeastatisticallyrelevantprojection.10.Identifythesituationwhereyouwouldconductasurvey.(A)Gallupwishestodeterminetheproportionofpeoplewhoseethemselvesas“thriving.”(B)Stanfordresearcherswanttodeterminetheeffectthatimprovingstudentvisionhasonlearning.(C)Apharmaceuticalcompanywantstoadvertisethatitspainkillerismoreeffectivethanaspirin,ibuprofen,andTylenol.(D)Agamblerwishestocalculatetheexpectedvalueofbuyingtwolotterytickets.(E)TheU.S.Armywantstofindtheaveragecostoftrainingacadet.11.Whichofthefollowingdescribesarandomvariable?

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(A)ThepriceofabarrelofcrudeoilonthecommoditiesmarketonApril1,1984(B)Thenumberrolledonafairdie(C)Thegradeearnedonanexambyastudent(D)ThetimerequiredbyJaouadGharibtorunamarathon(E)Theweightofagallonofwater12.Whyisrandomizationcommonlyusedwhenselectingasample?(A)Toallowcomputerstoaidintheprocess(B)Sothatonlydatarelevanttothevaluesofinterestiscollected(C)Toavoidbiasfrombeingintroduced(D)Sothatthesampleisnottakenfromagroupthatisnotrelatedtothequestionofinterest(E)Toaidincalculationsofsamplestatistics13.Whichofthefollowingmeasuresthecenterofadistribution?(A)Standarddeviation(B)Meanandmedian(C)Interquartilerangeandrange(D)Variance(E)Correlationcoefficient14.Whichofthefollowingmeasuresthespreadofdata?(A)Mean(B)Medianandinterquartilerange(C)Firstandthirdquartiles(D)Correlationcoefficient(E)Standarddeviationandvariance15.AmarketingagentistryingtodeterminehowtobestmarketanewlineofsmartphonesintheUnitedStates.Inordertodoso,heneedstoknowwhatuserscurrentlylikeaboutthecompany’sproductsandwheretheyrequireimprovements.Theagent’skeyproblemsarethathehasalimitedbudgetandheneedstoknowcurrentconsumerpreferences.Evaluatethebestwayforhimtoachievethedesired

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result.(A)Conductingadetailedliteraturereviewoftheexistingliterature(B)ConductingasurveyofthemarketintheUnitedKingdomandusingthesefindingstodrawconclusionsregardingtheU.S.market(C)ConductingasurveyofarepresentativesampleoftheU.S.populationandusingthesefindingstoinferrelevantconclusions(D)Usingdescriptivedatatoanalyzepastconsumerpreferences(E)Usingprevioussalesdatatomakeamultivariateregressionmodeltoprojectfuturepreferences16.Whatcommonsamplingtechniqueinvolvesconsideringthepopulationofinterestasacollectionofnonoverlappinggroupsandselectingfromeachofthesegroups?(A)Stratifiedsampling(B)Clustersampling(C)Randomsampling(D)Systematicsampling(E)Representativesampling17.Whatisthepurposeofthechartshownbelow?

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(A)Toidentifythestandarddeviationofrevenuecomparedtoprofit(B)Toidentifywhetherthemeanprofitislargerthanthemoderevenue(C)Tomakeamultivariateprojectionofsalesbasedonrevenueandprofit(D)Todeterminewhetherthereisanycorrelationbetweenrevenueandprofit(E)Toobservewhetherthereisanycausationgoingfromrevenuetoprofit18.Toidentifytheshapeofunivariatedata,whattypeofgraphwouldbethemostuseful?(A)Cumulativefrequencyplot(B)Histogram(C)Scatterplot(D)Barchart(E)Piechart19.Researchersstudiedtheeffectsthatimprovingvisionwitheyeglasseshadoneducationaloutcomes.Theyidentified2,069studentswhocouldimprovetheirvisionwitheyeglasses.Ofthese,750werenotofferedeyeglassesand1,319were.Ofthe1,319offeredeyeglasses,928acceptedtheeyeglasses.Studentswhoreceivedtheeyeglassesscoredsignificantlyhigherinbothmathandscience.Whywasitsignificantfortheresearcherstohaveagroupofstudentsthatdidnothaveglasses?(A)Bydoingso,theresearcherscouldhaveacontrolgroupthattestedifthetreatmentofincludingtheglasseswasstatisticallysignificant.(B)Throughtheinclusionofsuchagroup,theresearchershadanotherdependentvariablethatimpactedtheoverallresultsoftheexperiment.(C)Theresearcherscouldusethesestudentstoobservethestudentswhowerebeingtreated,whichiswhytheyareanindependentvariable.(D)Theresearchersincludedthemasaninstrumentalvariablethat

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madetheprojectinvalid.(E)Byincludingthisgroupofstudents,theresearcherswantedtointroduceadummyvariabletoensurethevalidityoftheproject.20.Alinguiststudiedconversationstylesbygenderandagetoassessdifferencesbetweengenders.Thedatawerecollectedbystudyingvideotapesmadeof“bestfriends”whowereaskedtohaveaconversationtogether.Whichchoicebestdescribesthetypeofstudythatwasconducted?(A)Observational(B)Experimental(C)Poll(D)Census(E)Survey

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One-VariableDataAnalysis21.Describetheshapeofthehistogrambelow.(A)Normal(B)Bimodal(C)Skewedright(D)Skewedleft(E)Uniform22.Twocollegeprofessorsaregradingseveralpapersandarerequiredtodrawhistogramstoshowthegradedistributionattheendofthe

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semester.Thetestscoresaregradedonarangeof0to100points.Whichofthefollowingclaimsiscorrect?(A)Theexamresultsgradedbythefirstprofessorhavearight-skeweddistributionbecausethemedianisdifferentfromthestandarddeviation.(B)Theexamresultsgradedbythesecondprofessorhaveanormaldistributionbecausethemodeandmeanareequal.(C)Theexamresultsgradedbythefirstprofessorhaveanormaldistributionbecausethemean,median,andaveragearethesame.(D)Theexamresultsforthefirstprofessorcannotbevisuallyrepresentedbecausetwoofthestudentsachievedallofthepointsavailable.(E)Theexamresultsforthesecondprofessorhavearight-skeweddistributionbecausethemodeandmeanarelargerthanthemedian.23.Ifaresearcherhasdrawnahistogramandheisobservingonewherethedistributionisleft-skewed,whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelycorrect?(A)Themedianistotheleftofthemeanandthepeak.(B)Themeanistotheleftofthemedianandthepeak.(C)Themodeistotheleftofthemedian.(D)Themodeistotheleftofthemean.(E)Themedianandmeanhavethesamevalue.24.Findthemeanandthemedianinthedotplotbelow(n=20).(A)Mean:12.9;median:13

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(B)Mean:12.4;median:13(C)Mean:12.9;median:13.5(D)Mean:12.9;median:14(E)Mean:12.4;median:1425.Findthenumberofdatavaluesrepresentedandthemedianforthestemplotbelow.(A)n=13;median:36.5(B)n=20;median:36.56(C)n=24;median:32(D)n=13;median:34(E)n=20;median:3426.Datavaluesrepresentedbythebarlabeled“10”inthehistogrambelowfallintowhichrange?

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(A)7.5upto12.5(B)7.25upto12.75(C)85upto11.5(D)8.75upto11.75(E)8.75upto11.2527.Thevariablemarkedwithxinthetablebelowisofanunknownvalue.Ifthemeanofthedatasetis15,whatisthevalueofx?(A)Thevalueofxis1.(B)Thevalueofxis3.(C)Thevalueofxis21.(D)Thevalueofxis7.5.(E)Thevalueofxis5.28.Thevariablemarkedwithyhasthesmallestvalueofthedataset.Iftherangeofthedatasetis23,whatisthevalueofyandwhatisthemean?

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(A)Thevalueofyis11,whilethemeanis19.(B)Thevalueofyis57,whilethemeanis28.2.(C)Thevalueofyis23,whilethemeanis21.4.(D)Thevalueofyis26,whilethemeanis22.(E)Thevalueofyis29,whilethemeanis22.75.29.Inanormallydistributeddatasetwithameanof13andastandarddeviationof2,ifthedataarestandardizedbysubtractingthemeananddividingbythestandarddeviation,whichofthestatementsbestdescribestheresultingdistribution?(A)Normalwithameanof13andastandarddeviationof2(B)Normalwithameanof0andastandarddeviationof2(C)Normalwithameanof0andastandarddeviationof1(D)Normalwithameanof6.5andastandarddeviationof2(E)Normalwithameanof6.5andastandarddeviationof130.Whatmeasureofcenterismostresistanttoextremevalues?(A)Standarddeviation(B)Interquartilerange(C)Mean(D)Median(E)Range31.Usingthisdataset,calculatethemeanandthestandarddeviation.{3,8,10,3,12,7,10}(A)Meanis7.5;standarddeviationis3.5(B)Meanis7.6;standarddeviationis3.5(C)Meanis7.6;standarddeviationis12.3(D)Meanis7.6;standarddeviationis4.0(E)Meanis8.0;standarddeviationis4.032.Whichofthestatementsistrueaboutthestandarddeviation?

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(A)Itistypicallyreportedwiththemedian.(B)Itcannotbecalculatedwithoutthecorrelationcoefficient.(C)Itiscommonlyusedtopredictfuturevaluesofvariables.(D)Itiscalculatedbydeductingtheminimumvaluefromthemaximum.(E)Itmeasuresthespreadofthedataset.33.Findthefive-numbersummaryfromtheboxplotandcalculatetheinterquartilerange.(A)Min:4;Q1:5.75;Med:9.5;Q3:13.75;Max:16;IQR:8(B)Min:3;Q1:5.75;Med:10.5;Q3:13.75;Max:16;IQR:8(C)Min:3;Q1:5.75;Med:9.5;Q3:13.75;Max:15;IQR:8(D)Min:3;Q1:5.75;Med:9.5;Q3:13.75;Max:16;IQR:8(E)Min:3;Q1:5.75;Med:9.5;Q3:13.75;Max:16;IQR:9

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34.Whichstatementistrueofthedatasetsummarizedbythisfive-numbersummary?(A)Therearenooutliers.(B)3isamildoutlierand20isanextremeoutlier.(C)3and20aremildoutliers.(D)20isanextremeoutlier.(E)20isamildoutlier.Therearenoextremeoutliers.35.Whichofthestatementsistrueaboutoutliers?(A)Theywillalwaysoccurwhenanexperimenthasadependentvariable.(B)Introducinganinstrumentalvariablewillcertainlycreateoutliers.(C)Theyshouldbeinvestigated,astheymayindicateanerrorinthedatacollectionprocess.(D)Theyshouldbeignoredandremovedfromthedataset,astheyarearesultofaspuriousregression.(E)Outliersoccurineverydatasetandarenotacauseforconcern.36.Joan’stestgradewas84.Theclassaveragewas72,andthestandarddeviationwas4.5.Whatstatementbestdescribesherz-scoreandhertestgrade?(A)z=-2.67.Comparedtotherestoftheclass,Joan’sgradeislow.(B)z=-1.67.Comparedtotherestoftheclass,Joan’sgradeisalittlebelowaverage.(C)z=2.67.Comparedtotherestoftheclass,Joan’sgradeishigh.(D)z=2.67.Comparedtotherestoftheclass,Joan’sgradeisalittleaboveaverage.(E)z=1.67.Comparedtotherestoftheclass,Joan’sgradeisalittleaboveaverage.37.In2007ForestWhitakerwontheBestActorOscaratage45forthemovieTheLastKingofScotland.HelenMirrenwontheBestActress

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Oscaratage61forTheQueen.Theaverageageforactorsis42.5withastandarddeviationof7.6.Theaverageageforactressesis35withastandarddeviationof9.7.Findthez-scoresforeach.Whatstatementbestdescribestheresults?(A)Whitaker:z=0.33;Mirren:z=2.68.Whitaker’sagewasaboutaverage,andMirren’swaswellaboveaverage.(B)Whitaker:z=0.33;Mirren:z=—2.68.Whitaker’sagewasaboutaverage,andMirren’swaswellbelowaverage.(C)Whitaker:z=0.33;Mirren:z=2.68.Whitaker’sagewasaboutaverage,andMirren’swaswellaboveaverage.(D)Whitaker:z=2.68;Mirren:z=0.33.Whitaker’sagewaswellaboveaverage,andMirren’swasaboutaverage.(E)Whitaker:z=0.33;Mirren:z=2.68.Whitaker’sagewaswellaboveaverage,andMirren’swasaboutaverage.38.Inanormaldistribution,approximatelywhatpercentageofdataiswithinonestandarddeviationofthemean?(A)34%(B)68%(C)64%(D)32%(E)65%39.Therangeofadatasetis20andxhasthehighestvalueofthevariablesprovided.Whatisthevalueofyandthestandarddeviationofthedatasetifroundedtotwodecimals?(A)Thevalueofyis32,andthestandarddeviationis7.(B)Thevalueofyis30,andthestandarddeviationis6.41.(C)Thevalueofyis35,andthestandarddeviationis7.92.(D)Thevalueofyis20,andthestandarddeviationis4.03.(E)Thevalueofyis2,andthestandarddeviationis5.76.40.Thedistributionof5,250standardizedtestscoresisnormalwitha

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meanof258andastandarddeviationof10.Approximatelyhowmanyscoresarebetween248and278?(A)709(B)1,785(©)3,570(D)4,279(E)4,98841.Fortheprobabilitydensitycurvebelow,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?I.Theareaisexactly1underneathit.II.Itdoesnotmodelthedistributionofthedata.III.Itisafunctionthatisalwayspositive.(A)Ionly(B)IandIIIonly(C)IIandIIIonly(D)IIonly(E)IIonly

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42.Whyisthefollowingnotanexampleofavalidprobabilitydensitycurve?(A)Becausethecurvedoesnotfollowanormaldistribution(B)Becausesuchafunctionisbydefinitioneitherconstantlypositiveornegative(C)Becausesuchafunctionhastohaveatleasttwomaximumvaluesandoneminimumvalue(D)Becausethefunctioncannotbenegative(E)Becausethefunctioncannotbepositive43.Whichofthefollowingisasymmetricprobabilitydensitycurve?

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ILII.IIL.

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(A)Ionly(B)IandIIIonly(C)IIandIIIonly(D)IIonly(E)IIIonly44.Thefollowingboxplotillustratesthemovementoftwovariables,AlandB1.Whichofthefollowingassumptionsiscorrect?(A)A1hassmalleroutlierscomparedtoB1.(B)ThevalueofthemedianishigherforB1.(C)TherangeofthedataislargerinAl.(D)Thetwovariableshavemediansofthesamevalue.(E)A1hasproblemswithoutliersthatarelargercomparedtomostofthedataset,whileB1hasoutliersthataresmallerthanmostofthedataset.45.Choosethefive-numbersummarythatmatchesthisstemplot.

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(A)Min:13;Q1:22.5;Med:27;Q3:33.5;Max:51(B)Min:13;Q1:23;Med:26;Q3:34;Max:51(C)Min:13;Q1:22.5;Med:26;Q3:33.5;Max:51(D)Min:13;Q1:23;Med:27;Q3:33.5;Max:51(E)Min:13;Q1:23;Med:27;Q3:34;Max:5146.Thehistogramsbelowshowthenumberofcatanddogownersbasedonthenumberofeachanimalowned.Choosethebestdescriptionfromthestatementsbelow.(A)Therearemorecatownersthandogowners.Therearemorecatsthandogs.(B)Therearemorecatownersthandogowners.Therearemoredogsthancats.

5 Steps to a 5: 500 AP Statistics Questions to Know by Test Day (2020) - Page 31 preview image

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(C)Therearemoredogownersthancatowners.Therearemorecatsthandogs.(D)Therearemoredogownersthancatowners.Therearemoredogsthancats.(E)Thecatownersareequaltodogowners.Therearemorecatsthandogs.47.Thedatasetofwaterconsumptionforasmalltowningallonsperdayislisted.Whatistheeffectonthemeanandstandarddeviationifconsumptionisincreasedby50gallonsperday?{166,179,193,175,144,151,173,175,177,160,195,225,240,144,162,145,177,163,149,188}(A)Themeanandstandarddeviationremainthesame.(B)Themeanremainsthesame.Thestandarddeviationincreasesby(C)Themeanincreasesby50.Thestandarddeviationremainsthesame.(D)Themeanandstandarddeviationincreaseby50.(E)Themeanincreasesby50.Thestandarddeviationincreasesby48.Arandomsampleofhouseholdsandthenumberofcarsperhouseholdareshowninthebarchart.Whatisthebestestimateofthesamplemean?

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