AP Computer Science Principles with 3 Practice Tests (2021)

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TheTrustedNameinTestPrep[J]ComputerScienceLJLJPrinciplesBMFor2021&2022exams-_==fos,HBComprehensivecontentreviewnyesSethReichelson,kL—B.S.MechanicalEngineering=-=Ileiheronaondoesovens.osProQ.PRSaTStudyXYICZLapo

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DownloadedfromStudyXY.com®+StudyXYSdYe.o>\|iF’prE\3SStudyAnythingThisContentHasbeenPostedOnStudyXY.comassupplementarylearningmaterial.StudyXYdoesnotendroseanyuniversity,collegeorpublisher.Allmaterialspostedareundertheliabilityofthecontributors.wv8)www.studyxy.com

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BARRON'SLJComputerScienceLdLJPrinciplesWITH3PRACTICETESTSSecondEditionSethReichelsonB.S.MechanicalEngineeringLakeBrantleyHighSchoolAP®isaregisteredtrademarkoftheCollegeBoard,whichwasnotinvolvedintheproductionof,anddoesnotendorse,thisproduct.

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©Copyright2021,2020byKaplan,Inc.,d/b/aBarron’sEducationalSeriesAllrightsreservedunderInternationalandPan-AmericanCopyrightConventions.Bypaymentoftherequiredfees,youhavebeengrantedthenon-exclusive,non-transferablerighttoaccessandreadthetextofthiseBookonscreen.Nopartofthistextmaybereproduced,transmitted,downloaded,decompiled,reverseengineered,orstoredinorintroducedintoanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,inanyformorbyanymeans,whetherelectronicormechanical,nowknownorhereinafterinvented,withouttheexpresswrittenpermissionofthepublisher.PublishedbyKaplan,Inc.,d/b/aBarron’sEducationalSeries750ThirdAvenueNewYork,NY10017www.barronseduc.comISBN:978-1-5062-8041-710987654321Kaplan,Inc.,d/b/aBarron’sEducationalSeriesprintbooksareavailableatspecialquantitydiscountstouseforsalespromotions,employeepremiums,oreducationalpurposes.Formoreinformationortopurchasebooks,pleasecalltheSimon&Schusterspecialsalesdepartmentat866-506-1949.

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ContentsPrefaceIntroductionGeneralInformationAbouttheExamHintsforTakingtheExamHowtoUseThisBookDIAGNOSTICTESTDiagnosticTestAnswerKeyAnswersExplainedDiagnosticTableMatch1CreatePerformanceTaskGeneralRequirementsProgramRequirementsFullSampleCreatePerformanceTasks2BigIdea1:CreativeDevelopment

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ComputingInnovationsCollaborationHowProgramsFunctionProgramInputDevelopmentProcessCreativeDevelopmentQuestionsAnswerKeyAnswersExplained3BigIdea2:DataBitsRepresentDataNumberSystemsVariousErrorsLossyandLosslessDataCompressionInformationExtractedfromDataPrivacyConcernsDataQuestionsAnswerKeyAnswersExplained4BigIdea3:AlgorithmsandProgrammingWhatIsanAbstraction?MathematicalOperatorsHowtoSolveModulusAssignmentOperatorsListsDisplayOperatorsInputOperators

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RelationalandBooleanOperatorsTheRobotTheSwapSearchingAlgorithmsandProgrammingQuestionsAnswerKeyAnswersExplainedBigIdea3:AlgorithmsandProgrammingPart2ProgrammingFlowchartsListsProceduresAlgorithmsandProgrammingQuestionsPart2AnswerKeyAnswersExplained5BigIdea4:ComputerSystemsandNetworksComputingDevicesAutonomousSystemsoftheInternetFaultToleranceEfficiencyofSolutionsComputerSystemsandNetworksQuestionsAnswerKeyAnswersExplained6BigIdea5:ImpactofComputingTheWorldWideWebDigitalDivide

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BeneficialandHarmfulEffectsHumanBiasCrowdsourcingLegalandEthicalConcernsSafeComputingImpactofComputingQuestionsAnswerKeyAnswersExplainedPRACTICETESTSPracticeTest1AnswerKeyAnswersExplainedPracticeTest2AnswerKeyAnswersExplainedAPPENDIXAppendixACreatePerformanceTaskDirectionsAppendixBCreatePerformanceTaskRubricAppendixCAPComputerSciencePrinciplesExamReferenceSheet

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PrefaceTebookisaimedatstudentstakingtheAPComputerSciencePrinciplesexamandisdesignedtohelpstudentsprepareforexamtopics,regardlessofwhatcomputerlanguageormethodtheyweretaught.Thebookprovidesin-depthinstructionsonhowtocompletetheCreatePerformanceTaskwithfivecompletewrittenandcodedexamples.Wehaveincludedsampleresponsesthatearnhighscoresandsampleresponsesthatearnlowscores.Theprovidedsampleresponsesareintendedtoserveasguidingresourcesonly.DoNOTcopythesampleresponses!TheCollegeBoarddoesrigorouschecksforplagiarism.ThequestionsandexamplesallreflectthestyleofrecentexamquestionsandcovertheessentialknowledgetopicsoutlinedbytheCollegeBoard.Forthebenefitofstudentsandinstructors,wehaveincludedonediagnostictestandtwopracticeexamsinthisbook.AcknowledgmentsThisbookisdedicatedtotheclassof2020.Youwouldhaverockedthistest.

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257Pp”BREBITIBYHIGHSc/feTAKED~oH[==a[NLif2in))dlpy-Apsi\ali221LisaReichelson,Classof2020

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IntroductionGENERALINFORMATIONABOUTTHEEXAMTheAPComputerSciencePrinciplesexamisatwo-hourmultiple-choiceexamwith70questionscoveringfiveBigIdeasaccompaniedbyaperformancetaskcontainingthreesubmissions.TheCollegeBoardrecommendsyousubmityourperformancetaskonApril15,withaduedateofapproximatelyApril30.AfteryourteachersetsupyourCollegeBoardaccount,youwillbeabletosubmityourperformancetaskstartingDecember3.IrecommendyousubmityourperformancetaskwellbeforetheApril30deadline.BecausetheCollegeBoardisconstantlytweakingthedates,checkforcurrentdatesathttps://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse/ap-computer-science-principlesContentofClassPerformancetask:30%ofAPGradeGuaranteed12hoursofclassroomtimetofinishProgramCodeWrittenResponsesVideoofatleastonesignificantpartofyourprogramrunningEndofCourseexam:70%ofAPGrade2hours

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70multiple-choicequestions,paperandpencilexamCreativeDevelopment10-13%Data17-22%AlgorithmsandProgramming30-35%ComputerSystemsandNetworks11-15%ImpactofComputing21-26%Someexamquestionsmaybealignedtomorethanonelearningobjective.Forexample,aquestiononprogrammingmightimplementanalgorithmandcontainanabstraction.HINTSFORTAKINGTHEEXAMTheMultiple-ChoiceSectionThemultiple-choicequestionsareworth70%ofyourscoreandareadministratedattheendoftheschoolyear.Thereisnopenaltyforwronganswers.Soanswereveryquestion,evenifyouhavetoguess.Youhavealittlemorethan1.7minutesperquestion.Youshouldhaveenoughtimetoanswerallquestionsonthistest,andyouwillmostlikelyhaveenoughtimeattheendtogobacktodifficultquestions.The70questionsarefatiguing.Youshouldpracticeatleastoneofthesampletestsgiveninonesitting.Robotandprogrammingquestionscanbesimplifiedbyhand-tracingthecode.Peoplescoretheperformancetask,whiletheEOCexamisscoredbymachine.Thetestisindependentofthecomputerlanguageused,buttherearebothtext-basedprogrammingquestionsandblock-basedprogrammingquestions.ThePerformanceTaskDetailsonhowtocreateaCollegeBoardaccountandhowtosubmityourperformancetaskcanbefoundathttps://apstudent.collegeboard.org/takingtheexam/about-digital-portfolio

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CreateTaskAllowyourownintereststodriveyourchoiceofcomputingprogram.Beforeyoustartwriting,makesureyouhavereadandunderstandthequestionsandhowthesequestionsaregraded.Therearesmallchangesinthequestioneachyear,andthenewestversionsofboththequestionsandthescoringcriteriacanbefoundathttps://apcentral.collegeboard.org/pdf/ap-csp-student-task-directions.pdfYourprogramcodeshouldrepresenttheresultsofexplorationsthatgobeyondtheexamplespresentedinclass.Again,thedeadlineforsubmissionisApril30.TheCollegeBoardrecommendssubmittingbyApril15.HOWTOUSETHISBOOKExamplesofeachsectionoftheCreatePerformanceTaskaregiveninthisbook.Youshouldnotplagiarizeexamplesbut,instead,usethemasamodelofhowtoscorehighontheCollegeBoardrubric.Threecompletepracticeexamsareprovidedinthebook.Oneexamisatthestartofthebookandmaybeusedasadiagnostictest.Itisaccompaniedbyadiagnosticchartthatrefersyoutorelatedtopicsinthereviewbook.Twoexamsareattheendofthebook.Eachoftheexamshasananswerkeyanddetailedexplanationsforthemultiple-choicequestions.

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DiagnosticTestTheexamthatfollowshasthesameformatasthatusedontheactualAPexam.Therearetwowaysyoumayuseit:1.Useitasadiagnostictestbeforeyoustartreviewing.Followingtheanswerkeyisadiagnosticchartthatrelateseachquestiontosectionsthatyoushouldreview.Inaddition,completeexplanationsareprovidedforeachsolution.2.Youcanalsouseitasapracticeexamwhenyouhavecompletedyourreview.

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DiagnosticTestTime:120minutes70questionsDIRECTIONS:Eachofthequestionsorincompletestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfoursuggestedanswersorcompletions.Selecttheonethatisbestineachcaseandrecordyouransweronaseparatesheetofpaper.1.Considerthefollowingcodesegment,whichusesthevariablesaandc.a3a—a+5c<3a—ct+aDISPLAY(a)DISPLAY(c)Whatisdisplayedwhenrunningthecodesegment?(A)33(B)38

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(©)113(D)3112.Whenwritingaprogram,whatistrueaboutprogramdocumentation?I.Programdocumentationisusefulwhilewritingtheprogram.II.Programdocumentationisusefulaftertheprogramiswritten.III.Programdocumentationisnotusefulwhenrunspeedisafactor.(A)Ionly(B)IandIIonly(C)IIonly(D)LII,andIIT3.Animagestoredonacomputercontainspixelsthatrepresenthowbrightthered,green,andbluevaluesare.Themostcommonformatforpixelsistorepresentthered,green,andblue,using8bits,whichvaryfrom0to255.Ifthecurrentredvalueis10011101,whatwouldbethenewvalueinbinaryiftheredvalueisincreasedby4indecimal?(A)157py(B)0100g;y(C)100111115;(D)10100001554.Aprogrammeriswritingsoftwareforadiversesetofusers.Whiletheprogramruns,theprogrammerwantstomeettheneedsofallhercustomersandreducepotentialbiasinheralgorithms.Whatwouldbethebenefitofcollaboratingwithcolleagues?(A)Whencollaborating,toomanypeopletrytoleadthegroupandnotenoughmembersarewillingtotakeabackseat,whichwilldelaythereleaseoftheprogram.

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