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AP Physics 1 algebra based elite student edition (2024)

AP Physics 1 algebra based elite student edition (2024) provides a step-by-step approach to mastering complex certification topics.

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    Book • Online • Mobile ONLINE PREP COURSE YOUR PERSONALIZED STUDY PROGRAM Create an account at www.mheducation.com/5stepsphysics e nter your e-mail address and create a password. You’re all set to start studying! 1 3 4 To Access Your Online Course: r edee M Y our access code mhapphys987 mhapphys987 2

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    Customizable Study Plan tracks your daily goals Games Center for practice in spare moments Peer Support and study tips via social media Interactive Lessons cover entire book Practice Tests designed to simulate the real thing Practice Questions to build test readiness Study Tools to focus study where most needed Digital Flashcards to memorize key concepts Advanced Analytics from the i ntelligent r eport Dashboard Book • Online • Mobile ONLINE PREP COURSE YOUR PERSONALIZED STUDY PROGRAM

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    5 STEPS TO A AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based 2024 ™ ELITE STUDENT EDITION

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    5 STEPS TO A AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based 2024 Greg Jacobs ™ New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto ELITE STUDENT EDITION

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    Copyright © 2023, 2022, 2021 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of publisher. ISBN: 978-1-26-533153-5 MHID: 1-26-533153-7 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-532444-5, MHID: 1-26-532444-1. eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com. McGraw Hill, the McGraw Hill logo, 5 Steps to a 5 , and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGraw Hill and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. McGraw Hill is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. AP, Advanced Placement Program, and College Board are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and McGraw Hill (“McGraw Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. 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    ❮ v BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgments xi About the Authors xiii Introduction: The Five-Step Program xv STEP 1 Get to Know the Exam and Set Up Your Study Program 1 Frequently Asked Questions About the AP Physics 1 Exam 3 FAQs: The AP Physics Program 4 FAQs: The AP Physics 1 Exam 5 2 Understanding the Exam: The AP Physics 1 Revolution 11 What Happened to the AP Physics Test? 12 What Is AP Physics 1? Eleven Things You Should Know About the Course and Exam 12 3 How to Use Your Time 19 Personalizing Your Study Plan 19 Plan A: You Have a Full School Year to Prepare 20 Plan B: You Have One Semester to Prepare 21 Plan C: You Have Six Weeks to Prepare 21 STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness 4 Facts to Know for the AP Physics 1 Exam 25 I. Forces and Motion 26 II. Conservation Laws 32 5 Types of Questions on the AP Physics 1 Exam 37 Question Types 37 Solutions for the AP Physics 1 Question Types Assessment 46 STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success 6 Strategies to Get the Most Out of Your AP Physics Course 53 Seven Simple Strategies to Get the Most Out of Your AP Physics Course 53 7 Strategies to Approach the Questions on the Exam 57 Tools You Can Use and Strategies for Using Them 58 Strategies for Questions That Involve a Ranking Task 59 Strategies for Questions That Involve Graphs 60 8 Strategies to Approach the Questions: Free-Response Section 65 Structure of the Free-Response Section 66 How to Approach the Laboratory Question 66 The Qualitative-Quantitative Translation (QQT) 70 What Do the Exam Readers Look For? 71 Final Advice About the Free-Response Questions 73

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    vi ❯ Contents 9 Strategies to Approach the Questions: Multiple-Choice Section 75 Multiple-Choice Questions 76 Multiple-Correct: A New Question Type 76 Preparing for the Multiple-Choice Section of the Test 77 Final Strategies for the Multiple-Choice Section 77 STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High 10 How Things Move 81 Introduction to Motion in a Straight Line 82 Graphical Analysis of Motion 82 Algebraic Analysis of Motion 85 Practice Problems 89 Solutions to Practice Problems 90 Rapid Review 91 11 Forces and Newton’s Laws 93 Describing Forces: Free-Body Diagrams 94 Determining the Net Force 96 Newton’s Third Law 97 Forces at Angles 97 Practice Problems 101 Solutions to Practice Problems 102 Rapid Review 103 12 Collisions: Impulse and Momentum 105 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem 106 Conservation of Momentum 107 Motion of the Center of Mass 112 Practice Problems 112 Solutions to Practice Problems 113 Rapid Review 115 13 Work and Energy 117 Energy 118 Work 119 The Work-Energy Theorem 121 Power 122 Practice Problems 123 Solutions to Practice Problems 124 Rapid Review 125 14 Rotation 127 Circular Motion 128 Torque 130 Rotational Kinematics 132 Rotational Inertia 133 Newton’s Second Law for Rotation 134 Angular Momentum 135 Rotational Kinetic Energy 138 Practice Problems 139 Solutions to Practice Problems 139 Rapid Review 141

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    Contents ❮ vii 15 Gravitation 143 Determining the Gravitational Field 144 Determining Gravitational Force 145 Force of Two Planets on One Another—Order of Magnitude Estimates 145 Gravitational Potential Energy 146 Gravitational and Inertial Mass 147 Practice Problems 148 Solutions to Practice Problems 149 Rapid Review 150 16 Simple Harmonic Motion 151 Simple Harmonic Motion 152 Practice Problems 154 Solutions to Practice Problems 154 Rapid Review 155 17 Extra Drills on Difficult but Frequently Tested Topics 157 How to Use This Chapter 157 Springs and Graphs 158 Tension 164 Inclined Planes 167 Motion Graphs 170 STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 1 177 AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 1: Section I (Multiple-Choice Questions) 179 AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 1: Section II (Free-Response Questions) 191 Solutions: AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 1, Section I (Multiple-Choice Questions) 195 Solutions: AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 1, Section II (Free-Response Questions) 201 Scoring the Practice Exam 206 AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 2 207 AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 2: Section I (Multiple-Choice Questions) 209 AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 2: Section II (Free-Response Questions) 223 Solutions: AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 2, Section I (Multiple-Choice Questions) 227 Solutions: AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 2, Section II (Free-Response Questions) 233 Scoring the Practice Exam 238 ELITE 5 Minutes to a 5 STUDENT 120 Daily Questions and Activities in 5 Minutes a Day 239 EDITION Appendixes Table of Information 403 Recommended Websites 405 The Pantheon of Pizza 407

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    ❮ ix BIBLIOGRAPHY PREFACE How is this book different from all other AP Physics prep books? The quality of the prep book starts with the author. Greg Jacobs has taught all versions of AP (and non-AP) physics since 1996. His hundreds of students over the years have a greater than 99 percent pass rate; more than 70 percent earn 5s. Greg has graded the exams, he has written questions that have appeared on exams, and he has taught teach- ers how to teach to the exams. The leading blog about physics teaching is his—“Jacobs Physics.” (Take a look at it.) Greg knows what he’s talking about, and the proof is in the results and feedback from his students. AP Physics 1 emphasizes conceptual understanding over algebraic manipulation, and so does this book. So many people presume that physics is about finding the right numbers to plug into the right equation. That couldn’t be further from the truth. Successful physics students can explain why they chose a specific equation. They can explain what values for each variable are reasonable, and why. They can explain the physical meaning of any mathematical manipulation—how would this problem look in the laboratory? What equipment would be used to measure these values? The AP Physics 1 Exam mostly asks questions that are not about number crunching. Greg has been teaching “beyond the numbers” for years, and he brings his expertise in explaining complex concepts in simple language. Your textbook is impenetrable, even to senior physics majors. This prep book is readable. Be honest—when you read your textbook, you really just try the problems at the end of the chapter, then look back for a template of how to do those problems. Well, this book’s content review is structured around this very method. Greg poses example questions and talks you through them. On the way, he shows you the relevant facts and equations, as well as how you are supposed to know they are relevant . He explains not just the answer, but the thought process behind the answer. You do not have to be already good at physics to understand the text. This book’s practice tests and practice questions are authentic. One of the primary tenets of Greg’s physics teaching is that in-class tests should look exactly like the real AP exams. The College Board has published a curriculum guide that provides express guidance as to the style and content of the exam questions. Greg’s practice tests are derived directly from what the curriculum guide says. He has vast experience phrasing questions in the style seen on College Board exams. Every practice question includes not just an answer, but also a thorough expla- nation of how to get that answer. The back of your textbook may provide answers like “2 m/s” or “increase.” Huh? Skim through and look at the solutions to the practice exam, and to the end-of-chapter questions. They’re complete. This book’s solutions explain everything, even sometimes the common mistakes that you might have made by accident. Exam readers expect thoroughness on the free-response problems—you should expect the same from your prep book. It is not possible to prepare well for AP Physics merely by using recycled mate- rial from previous AP or honors physics courses. Even after eight years of AP Physics 1, the majority of teachers—and every AP prep book bar this one—keep using the same problems and presentations, just tweaking the covered topics to match the new exam.

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    x ❯ Preface And students in those classes, students who use those prep books, have a comeuppance on exam day. The AP Physics 1 Exam asks for explanations, not calculations; it does not give pity points for writing relevant equations. And in eight years there have been only two—TWO—problems requiring numerical answers in the free-response section. AP Physics 1 demands a revolutionarily different approach to learning physics. Your parents’ generation might kvetch about cell phones and the Internet, but if they’re still doing busi- ness by landline and U.S. mail, well, they’re lucky to be doing business at all. Ditto for your teacher who moans about the good old days when physics was taught with calculation after calculation.

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    ❮ xi The original idea for this book came many moons ago, when my AP students in 1999 couldn’t stand the other review books on the market. “We can write a better book than that,” they said. And we did. Justin Kreindel, Zack Menegakis, Adam Ohren (who still owes me four sandwiches from Mississippi Sweets for poking Jason during class), Jason Sheikh, and Joe Thistle were the cast members for that particular opera. Josh Schulman , also a member of that 1999 class, was the one who buckled down and put pen to paper, or rather fingers to computer keys. His first draft of a book forced me to revise and finish and publish. Del Franz has been a fabulous editor for this and other projects. I appreciate his toils. The faculty and administration at Woodberry Forest School, in particular former sci- ence department chairman Jim Reid , deserve mention. They have been extraordinarily supportive of me professionally. Two amazing physics teachers have vetted this new book for the new exam. They have done tremendous work in exchange for nothing but a free cup of coffee. Thank you, Jeff Steele (who gave feedback on the practice tests) and Matt Sckalor (who read every content chapter). I owe you both. Thank you to those who sent in errata from the first edition. I’m particularly indebted to Glenn Mangold and Drew Austen, who sent in three pages’ worth of edits, along with careful and thorough justifications for each—wow. Joseph Rao, Patrick Diehl, Mike Pozuc, Shannon Copeland, Frank Noschese, Hugh Ross, Ron Qian, and I’m sure others I’ve missed have also sent in corrections or thoughts that I’ve used. And to all of the Jacobs Physics blog readers, know that I deeply appreciate the comments, e-mails, and conversa- tions you send my way. Most important, thank you to Shari and Milo for putting up with me during all of my writing projects. —Greg Jacobs ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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