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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Document preview page 1

AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 1

Document preview content for AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions)

AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions)

Practice effectively with AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers, offering past exam questions and answers that cover every topic.

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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 1 preview imageAP Psychology Unit 1-7 WITH BEST SOLUTIONSPsychology - the scientific study of behavior and mentalprocessesnature-nurture issue - the longstanding controversy over therelative contributions that genes and experience make to thedevelopment of psychological traits and behaviors. Today'sscience sees traits and behaviors arising from the interactionof nature and nurturenatural selection - the principle that, among the range ofinherited trait variations, those contributing to reproductionand survival will most likely be passed on to succeedinggenerationsnaturalistic observation - a descriptive technique ofobserving and recording behavior in naturally occurringsituations without trying to manipulate and control thesituationpopulation - the whole group that you want to study anddescribe
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 2 preview image
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 3 preview imagerandom sample - A sample that fairly represents a populationbecause each member has an equal chance of inclusioncorrelation - A measure of the relationship between twovariablescorrelation coefficient - A statistical index of the relationshipbetween two things (from -1 to +1); closer to 1, the strongerthe relationship is.scatterplot - A graphed cluster of dots, each of whichrepresents the values of two variables.experiment - A research method in which an investigatormanipulates one factor to observe the effect on another; theonly way to determine causalityrandom assignment - Assigning participants to experimentaland control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexistingdifferences between those assigned to the different groupsvalidity - the extent to which a test or experiment measuresor predicts what it is supposed to do
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 4 preview imagehypothesis - A testable prediction, often implied by a theoryoperational definition - A statement of the procedures used todefine research variables that is specific and allows researchto be replicatedreplication - replicate the original study in attempt to yieldsimilar resultscase study - An observation technique in which one person isstudied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.survey - A study, generally in the form of an interview orquestionnaire, that provides researchers with informationabout how people think and act.double-blind study - An experiment in which neither theparticipant nor the researcher knows whether the participanthas received the treatment or the placeboexperimental group - A subject or group of subjects in anexperiment that is exposed to the factor or condition beingtested.
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 5 preview imagecontrol group - In an experiment, the group that is notexposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimentalgroup and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect ofthe treatment.independent variable - (statistics) a variable whose valuesare independent of changes in the values of other variablesconfounding variable - A factor other than the independentvariable that might produce an effect in an experiment.dependent varibale - the outcome factor the cariable that maychange in response to manipulations of the independentvariables --what you are measuring (ex. obesity rates)mode - Measure of central tendency that uses mostfrequently occurring score.mean - arithmetic averagemedian - A measure of center in a set of numerical data. Themedian of a list of values is the value appearing at the centerof a sorted version of the list - or the mean of the two centralvalues if the list contains an even number of values.
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 6 preview imagerange - Distance between highest and lowest scores in a setof data.standard deviation - A computed measure of how muchscores vary around the mean score.normal curve - the symmetrical bell-shaped curve thatdescribes the distribution of many physical and psychologicalattributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer andfewer scores lie near the extremes.statistical significance - A statistical statement of how likely itis that an obtained result occurred by chance, and not acausation of one variable to the other. (Do a T-Test and yield ap-value of less than 0.05)informed consent - A written agreement to participate in astudy made by an adult who has been informed of all the risksthat participation may entail.debriefing - A verbal description of the true nature andpurpose of a study
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 7 preview imagesample - A part of the population you are studying.positive correlation - two variable rise and fall together, suchas height and weightnegative correlation - variables are related inversely, onegoes up and the other goes down, such as inner speech andpsychological distress1 standard deviation - 68%skewed disribution - a representation of scores that lacksymmetry around their average valuepositive skew - high outliernegative skew - low outliermeasures of variability - depict diversity of the distribution(range, standard deviation)ethics in research - informed consentprotection from harm/discomfortmaintain confidentiality
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 8 preview imagedebriefingWilhelm Wundt - father of psychology, structuralismPsychoanalysis - School of thought that stresses earlychildhood experiences and the unconscious drivesSigmund Freud - founder of psychoanalysisBehaviorism - The theory that psychology should only studyobservable behaviors, not mental processes.John B. Watson - founder of behaviorismbiopsychological approach - an approach that views behavioras strongly influenced by physiological functions such ashormones and the activity of the nervous systemevolutionary psychology - the study of the evolution ofbehavior and the mind, using principles of natural selectionsociocultural perspective - A psychological approach thatemphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior such asrace, sex, and culture
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 9 preview imageHumanistic Perspective - stresses the human capacity forself-fulfillment and the importance of consciousness, self-awareness, and the capacity to make choicesBehavioral/Learning Perspective - Personal experience andreinforcement guide individual developmentcognitive perspective - A psychological approach thatemphasizes mental processes in perception, memory,language, problem solving, and other areas of behaviorHistogram - a bar graph depicting a frequency distributionPlacebo - a fake drug used in the testing of medicationAPA - American Psychological Association, a nationalassociation that sets ethical guidelines and providesresources and support in the field.AP Psychology Unit 2, Sensation and Perception OverviewNeuron - A Specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 10 preview imageCell body - contains genetic information, maintains theneurons's structure, and provides energy to drive activities.dendrites - The branch-like extention of a neuron thatrecieves messages and conducts impulses toward the cellbodyaxon - The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminalfibers, through which messages pass to neurons,muscles, orglands.mylelin sheath - coats the axon and speeds up the process ofneural impulse moving down the axon.glial cells (glia) - Cells in the nervous system that support,nourish and protect neurons.Action potential - the change in electric potential thatpropagates along the axon of a neuron during thetransmission of a nerve impulse or the contraction of amuscle
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 11 preview imageresting potential (-70mv) - The difference in electric chargebetween the inside and outside of a neuron's cell membranethreshold (-55mV) - the level of stimulation required totrigger a neural impulserefractory period - a period of inactivity after a neuron hasfiredall-or-none response - a neuron's reaction of either firing(with a full-strength response) or not firing.Synapse - the junction between the axon tip of the sendingneuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuronNeurotransmitters - Chemicals that transmit informationfrom one neuron to anotherAcetylchlorine - enables muscle action, learning, and memoryMalfunctions of Acetylcholine - With Alzheimer's disease, ACh-producing neurons deteriorate
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 12 preview imageDopamine - influences movement, learning, attention, andemotionMalfunctions of Dopamine - Oversupply linked toschizophrenia. Undersupply linked to tremors and decreasedmobility in Parkinson's diseaseSeratonin - Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousalmalfunctions of serotonin - under supply linked to depression.Some drugs that raise serotonin levels are used to treatdepressionNorepinephrine - helps control alertness and arousalMalfunctions of Norepinephrine - undersupply can depressmoodGABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) - a major inhibitoryneurotransmitterMalfunctions of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) -undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 13 preview imageGlutamate - A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved inmemorymalfunctions of glutamate - oversupply can overstimulatebrain, producing migraines or seizures (Which is why somepeople avoid MSG, monosodium)Endorphins - Neurotransmitters that influence the perceptionof pain or pleasureMalfunctions of Endorphins - oversupply with opiate drugs cansuppress the body's natural endorphin supplyReuptake - a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sendingneuronpolarized - Electrical condition of the plasma membrane of aresting neuronDepolarized - a condition in which the inside of a cellmembrane is more positively charged than the outsideRepolarized - Once sodium ions have flooded the neuron, thesodium channels close. At this point, the potassium channels
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 14 preview imageopen and the potassium ions rush out of the axon, and theelectrical changes reverse again, so it is negative on theinside, and positive on the outside. Once the charges arerestores, the section of the neuron is said to be repolarized.agonist - A chemical that mimics the action of aneurotransmitter.antagonist - Antagonists are drugs or substances which bindto receptor sites and block the binding of neurotransmitters,which reduces the effect of the neurotransmitter.nervous system - the network of nerve cells and fibers thattransmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.central nervous system (CNS) - consists of the brain andspinal cordPeripheral nervous system (PNS) - the sensory and motorneurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to therest of the body.
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 15 preview imageNerves - bundled axons that form neural "cables" connectingthe central nervous system with muscles, glands, and senseorganssensory (afferent) neurons - neurons that carry incominginformation from the sensory receptors to the brain andspinal cordmotor (efferent neurons) - neurons that carry outgoinginformation from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles andglandsInterneurons - neurons within the brain and spinal cord thatcommunicate internally and intervene between the sensoryinputs and motor outputsSomatic nervous system - Division of the ParasympatheticNervous System that controls the body's skeletal muscles.autonomic nervous system - the part of the peripheralnervous system that controls the glands and the muscles ofthe internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympatheticdivision arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
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AP Psychology Unit 1-7 Practice Exam with Answers (880 Solved Questions) - Page 16 preview imagesympathetic nervous system - the division of the autonomicnervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energyin stressful situationsparasympathetic nervous system - the division of theautonomic nervous system that calms the body, conservingits energyreflex - A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensorystimulus, such as the knee-jerk response.endocrine system - the body's "slow" chemicalcommunication system; a set of glands that secrete hormonesinto the bloodstreamhormones - chemical messengers that are manufactured bythe endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, andaffect other tissuesadrenal glands - a pair of endocrine glands that sit just abovethe kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine andnorepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress.
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