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Cracking the AP Calculus AB Exam 2020, Premium Edition (2019)

Cracking the AP Calculus AB Exam 2020, Premium Edition (2019) is designed to make certification prep easy and effective.

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    Downloaded from StudyXY.com [= Ww + StudyXY oi as . Za \ Rr ' BE \ Stu dy Anything This ContentHas been Posted On StudyXY.com as supplementary learning material. StudyXY does not endrose any university, college or publisher. Allmaterials posted are under the liability of the contributors. | 8) www.studyxy.com

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    Editorial Rob Franek, Editor-in-Chief David Soto, Director of Content Development Stephen Koch, Survey Manager Deborah Weber, Director of Production Gabriel Berlin, Production Design Manager Selena Coppock, Managing Editor Aaron Riccio, Senior Editor Meave Shelton, Senior Editor Chris Chimera, Editor Sarah Litt, Editor Orion McBean, Editor Brian Saladino, Editor Eleanor Green, Editorial Assistant Penguin Random House Publishing Team Tom Russell, VP, Publisher Alison Stoltzfus, Publishing Director Amanda Yee, Associate Managing Editor Ellen Reed, Production Manager Suzanne Lee, Designer The Princeton Review 110 East 42nd St., 7th Floor New York, NY 10017 Email: editorialsupport@review.com Copyright © 2019 by TPR Education IP Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Penguin Random House LLC, New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada, a division of Penguin Random House Ltd., Toronto. Terms of Service: The Princeton Review Online Companion Tools (“Student Tools”) for retail books are available for only the two most recent editions of that book. Student Tools may be activated only once per eligible book purchased for a total of 24 months of access. Activation of Student Tools more than once per book is in direct violation of these Terms of Service and may result in discontinuation of access to Student Tools Services. Trade Paperback ISBN 9780525568292

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    Ebook ISBN 9780525568674 The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University. AP is a trademark registered and owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product. Editor: Selena Coppock Production Editors: Liz Dacey and Kathy Carter Production Artist: Deborah A. Weber Content Contributor: Nick Owen Cover art by Horizon International Images Limited / Alamy Stock Photo Cover design by Suzanne Lee v5.4 a + StudyXxy

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    Acknowledgments Special thanks to Scott Sennello, for his work on the 2020 Edition of this book. Additionally, the staff of The Princeton Review would like to thank Deborah Weber, Liz Dacey, and Kathy Carter for their time and attention to each page.

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    Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Acknowledgments Get More (Free) Content Part I: Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations Your Guide to Using This Book How to Begin Part ll: Practice Test 1 Practice Test 1 Practice Test 1: Answers and Explanations Part lll: About the AP Physics 1 Exam The Structure of the AP Physics 1 Exam A Quick Word About Equations How AP Exams Are Used Other Resources Designing Your Study Plan Part IV: Test-Taking Strategies for the AP Physics 1 Exam 1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions 2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions

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    Part V: Content Review for the AP Physics 1 Exam 3 Vectors Definition Scalar Multiplication Vector Subtraction Two-Dimensional Vectors Vector Operations Using Components Magnitude of a Vector Direction of a Vector Chapter 3 Review Questions Summary 4 Kinematics Position Displacement Looking at Distance-Versus-Time Graphs Speed and Velocity Acceleration Uniformly Accelerated Motion and the Big Five Additional Kinematic Graphical Aspects Qualitative Graphing Free Fall Projectile Motion Chapter 4 Review Questions Summary 5 Newton's Laws Introduction to Forces Newton's First Law Newton’s Second Law Newton's Third Law

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    Newton's Laws: A Summary Weight Normal Force An Overall Strategy Friction Pulleys Inclined Planes Chapter 5 Review Questions Summary 6 Work, Energy, and Power Energy: An Overview Work Work at an Angle Work Done by a Variable Force Kinetic Energy The Work—Energy Theorem Potential Energy Conservation of Mechanical Energy Conservation of Energy with Nonconservative Forces Power Chapter 6 Review Questions Summary 7 Linear Momentum Introduction to Momentum What Is Momentum? Impulse Conservation of Linear Momentum Collisions Chapter 7 Review Questions

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    Summary 8 Uniform Circular Motion, Newton’s Law of Gravitation, and Rotational Motion Uniform Circular Motion Newton's Law of Gravitation Banking Rotational Motion Center of Mass Torque Equilibrium Rotational Inertia Angular Momentum Chapter 8 Review Questions Summary 9 Oscillations Simple Harmonic Motion The Spring-Block Oscillator: Vertical Motion Pendulums Chapter 9 Review Questions Summary 10 Waves Transverse Traveling Waves Wave Speed on a Stretched String Superposition of Waves Standing Waves Sound Waves Resonance for Sound Waves The Doppler Effect Chapter 10 Review Questions Summary

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    11 Electric Forces and Fields Electric Charge Coulomb’s Law The Electric Field Chapter 11 Review Questions Summary 12 Direct Current Circuits Electric Current Resistance Voltage Electric Circuits Circuit Analysis Chapter 12 Review Questions Summary Key Terms and Concepts for AP Physics 1 13 Answers and Explanations to the Chapter Review Questions Part VI: Additional Practice Tests Practice Test 2 Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations Practice Test 3 Practice Test 3: Answers and Explanations Practice Test 4 Practice Test 4: Answers and Explanations

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    1Goto PrincetonReview.com/cracking and enter the following ISBN for your book: 9780525568674 2 Answer a few simple questions to set up an exclusive Princeton Review account. (If you already have one, you can just log in.)

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    3 Enjoy access to your FREE content! Need to report a potential content issue? Contact EditorialSupport@review.com and include: « full title of the book e ISBN

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    * page number Need to report a technical issue? Contact TPRStudentTech@review.com and provide: * your full name + email address used to register the book « full book title and ISBN e Operating system (Mac/PC) and browser (Firefox, Safari, etc.) Once you've registered, you can... « Get our take on the upcoming changes to the organization of content within the AP Physics 1 Course and get any late-breaking information about that * Access your fifth AP Physics 1 practice test (there are 4 right here in your book and 1 online), plus an answer key and complete answers and explanations * Access comprehensive study guides and a variety of printable resources, including bubble sheets for the practice tests in the book as well as important equations and formulas « Take a full-length practice SAT and ACT « Get valuable advice about the college application process, including tips for writing a great essay and where to apply for financial aid « If you're still choosing between colleges, use our searchable

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    rankings of The Best 385 Colleges to find out more information about your dream school « Check to see if there have been any corrections or updates to this edition Look For These Icons Throughout The Book PREMIUM STUDENT TOOLS ONLINE ARTICLES PROVEN TECHNIQUES APPLIED STRATEGIES OTHER REFERENCES STUDY BREAK

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    Part I

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    Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score * Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations e Your Guide to Using This Book * How to Begin

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    PREVIEW: YOUR KNOWLEDGE, YOUR EXPECTATIONS Your route to a high score on the AP Physics 1 Exam depends a lot on how you plan to use this book. Respond to the following questions. 1. Rate your level of confidence about your knowledge of the content tested by the AP Physics 1 Exam: A. Very confident—I know it all B. I'm pretty confident, but there are topics for which I could use help C. Not confident—I need quite a bit of support D. I'm not sure 2. If you have a goal score in mind, choose your goal score for the AP Physics 1 Exam: 5 4 3 2 1 I'm not sure yet 3. What do you expect to learn from this book? Choose all that apply to you. A. A general overview of the test and what to expect B. Strategies for how to approach the test C. The content tested by this exam D. I'm not sure yet Welcome to Your Premium Edition!

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    Be sure to check out great AP online content exclusive to the Premium Edition of this book including a fifth practice test. Follow the instructions on the “Get More (Free) Content” page at the beginning of this book to access your bonus materials! YOUR GUIDE TO USING THIS BOOK This book is organized to provide as much—or as little—support as you need, so you can use this book in whatever way will be most helpful for improving your score on the AP Physics 1 Exam. o The remainder of Part I will provide guidance on how to use this book and help you determine your strengths and weaknesses. o Part II of this book contains your first practice test, answers and explanations, and a scoring guide. (Bubble sheets can be found in the very back of the book for easy tear-out.) This is where you should begin your test preparation in order to realistically determine: o your starting point right now o which question types you're ready for and which you might need to practice o which content topics you are familiar with and which you will want to carefully review Once you have nailed down your strengths and weaknesses with regard to this exam, you can focus your preparation and be efficient with your time. o Part III of this book will: o provide information about the structure, scoring, and content of the AP Physics 1 Exam o help you to make a study plan o point you toward additional resources o Part IV of this book will explore the following strategies:

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    o how to attack multiple-choice questions o how to approach free-response questions o how to manage your time to maximize the number of points available to you o Part V of this book covers the content you need to know for the AP Physics 1 Exam. e Part VI of this book contains Practice Tests 2, 3, and 4, their answers and explanations, and a scoring guide. (Bubble sheets can be found in the very back of the book for easy tear-out.) If you skipped Practice Test 1, we recommend that you do all four (with at least a day or two between them) so that you can compare your progress between them. Additionally, this will help to identify any external issues: if you get a certain type of question wrong more than once, you probably need to review it. If you got it wrong only once, you may have run out of time or been distracted by something. In either case, comparing the results of your practice tests will allow you to focus on the factors that caused the discrepancy in scores and to be as prepared as possible on the day of the test. You may choose to use some parts of this book over others, or you may work through the entire book. This will depend on your needs and how much time you have. More AP Info Online! We have put together even more goodies for a handful of AP Exam subjects. For short quizzes high level AP course and test information, and expert advice, head over to www.princetonreview.com/college- advice/advanced-placement-resources.

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    EE — HOW TO BEGIN 1. Take a Test Before you can decide how to use this book, you need to take a practice test. Doing so will give you insight into your strengths and weaknesses, and the test will also help you make an effective study plan. If you're feeling test-phobic, remind yourself that a practice test is a tool for diagnosing yourself—it’s not how well you do that matters but how you use information gleaned from your performance to guide your preparation. So, before you read further, take AP Physics 1 Practice Test 1 starting at this page of this book. Be sure to do so in one sitting, following the instructions that appear before the test. 2. Check Your Answers Using the answer key on this page, count the number of multiple- choice questions you got right and how many you missed. Don’t worry about the explanations for now, and don’t worry about why you missed questions. We'll get to that soon. Diagnostic Answer Key The answer key for Practice Test 1 provides the chapter number(s) in which each question topic or concept is covered. Use this diagnostic answer key to identify the content chapters of this book in which you missed the most questions, as that may present you with a good place to begin your review. 3. Reflect on the Test After you take your first test, respond to the following questions: e How much time did you spend on the multiple-choice

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    questions? e How much time did you spend on each free-response question? « How many multiple-choice questions did you miss? e Do you feel you had the conceptual understanding to address the subject matter of the free-response questions? 4. Read Part III of this Book and Make your Study Plan As discussed in the Guide section, Part III will provide information on how the test is structured and scored. It will also set out areas of content that are tested. As you read Part III, re-evaluate your answers to the questions in section 3. At the end of Part III, you will revisit and refine the answers. You will then be able to make a study plan, based on your needs and the time available, that will allow you to use this book most effectively. 5. Engage with Parts IV and V as Needed Notice the word engage. You'll get more out of this book if you use it intentionally than if you read it passively, hoping for an improved score through osmosis. Strategy chapters will help you think about your approach to the question types on this exam. Part IV opens with a reminder to think about how you approach questions now and then closes with a reflection section asking you to think about how/whether you will change your approach in the future. Part V is designed to provide a review of the content tested on the AP Physics 1 Exam, including the level of detail you need to know and how the content is tested. You will have the opportunity to

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    assess your mastery of the content of each chapter through test- appropriate questions and a reflection section. 6. Take Practice Test 2 and Assess Your Performance Once you feel you have developed the strategies you need and gained the knowledge you lacked, you should take Practice Test 2, which begins on this page. You should do so in one sitting, following the instructions at the beginning of the test. When you are done, check your answers to the multiple-choice sections. Approach a teacher to read your essays and provide feedback. Once you have taken the test, reflect on those areas you still need to improve upon, and revisit the respective chapters. Through this reflective and engaging approach, you will continue to improve. 7. Keep Working After you have revisited certain chapters, continue the process of testing, reflection, and engaging with the next practice test in this book. Consider what additional work you need to do and how you will change your strategic approach to adapt to different parts of the test. As we will discuss in Part III, there are other resources available to you, including a wealth of information on AP Students, the official homepage for all things AP. You should continue to explore areas that can stand to improve right up to the day of the test. BREAKING AP NEWS! In May 2019 the College Board is planning on announcing assorted updates to a ton of AP courses and exams. For the latest resources

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    information, and updates on the AP Physics 1 Exam, go to the AP Students homepage for this test: https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse/ ap-physics-1. StudyXY

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    Part II Practice Test 1 e Practice Test 1 e Practice Test 1: Answers and Explanations

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    Practice Test 1 Click here to download a PDF of Practice Test 1

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    The Exam AP® Physics 1 Exam SECTION I: Multiple-Choice Questions DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. At a Glance Total Time 90 minutes Number of Questions 50 Percent of Total Grade 50% Writing Instrument Pen required Instructions Section I of this examination contains 50 multiple-choice questions. Fill in only the ovals for numbers 1 through 50 on your answer sheet. CALCULATORS MAY BE USED ON BOTH SECTIONS OF THE AP PHYSICS 1 EXAM. Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work. Please note that there are two types of multiple-choice questions: single- select and multi-select questions. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, completely fill in the corresponding oval(s) on the answer sheet. For single-select, you must give only one answer;

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    for multi-select you must give BOTH answers in order to earn credit. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Here is a sample question and answer. Sample Question Chicago is a (A) state (B) city (C) country (D) continent Sample Answer Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to the ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all the multiple-choice questions. About Guessing Many candidates wonder whether or not to guess the answers to questions about which they are not certain. Multiple-choice scores are based on the number of questions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers, and no points are awarded for unanswered questions. Because points are not deducted for incorrect answers, you are encouraged to answer all multiple-choice questions. On any questions you do not know the answer to, you should eliminate as many choices as you can, and then select the best answer among the remaining choices.

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    ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS 1 TABLE OF INFORMATION

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    ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS 1 EQUATIONS

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    AP PHYSICS 1 SECTION I Note: To simplify calculations, you may use g = 10 m/s in all problems. Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements is followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. 1. If a ball is rolling down an inclined plane without slipping, which force is responsible for causing its rotation? (A) Normal force (B) Gravity (C) Kinetic friction (D) Static friction

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