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Princeton Review AP Biology Prep: 3 Practice Tests + Complete Content Review + Strategies and Techniques (2024) (2023)

Princeton Review AP Biology Prep: 3 Practice Tests + Complete Content Review + Strategies and Techniques (2024) (2023) is the ultimate study tool to help you pass your exam on the first try.

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    The Princeton Review Publishing Team Rob Franek, Editor-in-Chief David Soto, Senior Director, Data Operations Stephen Koch, Senior Manager, Data Operations Deborah Weber, Director of Production Jason Ullmeyer, Production Design Manager Jennifer Chapman, Senior Production Artist Selena Coppock, Director of Editorial Orion McBean, Senior Editor Aaron Riccio, Senior Editor Meave Shelton, Senior Editor Chris Chimera, Editor Patricia Murphy, Editor Laura Rose, Editor Penguin Random House Publishing Team Tom Russell, VP, Publisher Alison Stoltzfus, Senior Director, Publishing Brett Wright, Senior Editor Emily Hoffman, Associate Managing Editor Ellen Reed, Production Manager Suzanne Lee, Designer Eugenia Lo, Publishing Assistant The Princeton Review 110 East 42nd St., 7th Floor New York, NY 10017 Copyright © 2023 by TPR Education IP Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved Published in the United States by Penguin Random House LLC, New York. Terms of Service: The Princeton Review Online Companion Tools (“Student Tools’) for retail books are available for only the two most recent editions of that book. Student Tools may be activated only twice per eligible book purchased for two consecutive 12-month periods, for a total of 24 months of access. Activation of Student Tools more than twice per book is in direct violation of these Terms of Service and may result in discontinuation of access to Student Tools Services. ISBN 9780593517031 Ebook ISBN 9780593517048 AP is a trademark registered and owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product. The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University. Editor: Laura Rose Production Editors: Nina Mozes and Wendy Rosen Production Artist: Lindsey Cleworth Content Contributor: Gabrielle Budzon Cover art by StellaPhotography / Alamy Stock Photo Cover design by Suzanne Lee Photo selection and layout by Carling Design, Inc. For customer service, please contact editorialsupport@review.com, and be sure to include: «full ttle of the book «ISBN | vv 1 StudyXY

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    Acknowledgments The Princeton Review would like to thank Gabrielle Budzon and Lindsey Cleworth for their hard work on revisions to this edition. + StudyXy

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    Contents Get More (Free) Content Part I: Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations Your Guide to Using This Book How to Begin Part II: Practice Test 1 Practice Test 1 Practice Test 1: Diagnostic Answer Key and Explanations How to Score Practice Test 1 Part Ill: About the AP Biology Exam The Structure of the AP Biology Exam How the AP Biology Exam Is Scored Overview of Content Topics Breakdown of Free Response Questions How AP Exams Are Used Other Resources Designing Your Study Plan Part IV: Test-Taking Strategies for the AP Biology Exam Preview 1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions 2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions 3 Using Time Effectively to Maximize Points Part V: Content Review for the AP Biology Exam 4 Chemistry of Life Elements Subatomic Particles Compounds Water: The Versatile Molecule Acids and Bases Organic Molecules

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    Key Terms Chapter 4 Drill 5 Cell Structure and Function Living Things Types of Cells and Organelles Transport: Traffic Across Membranes Key Terms Chapter 5 Drill 6 Cellular Energetics Bioenergetics Enzymes Reaction Coupling and ATP Photosynthesis The Light Reactions Cellular Respiration Key Terms Chapter 6 Drill 7 Cell Communication and Cell Cycle Cell Communication Feedback The Cell Cycle Interphase: The Growing Phase Mitosis: The Dance of the Chromosomes Key Terms Chapter 7 Drill 8 Heredity Haploids Versus Diploids Gregor Mendel: The Father of Genetics Non-Mendelian Genetics Sex-Linked Traits Environmental Effect on Traits An Overview of Meiosis Key Terms Chapter 8 Drill 9 Gene Expression and Regulation DNA: The Blueprint of Life Genome Structure

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    DNA Replication RNA Translation Regulation of Gene Expression and Cell Specialization Mutations Biotechnology Key Terms Chapter 9 Drill 10 Natural Selection Natural Selection Common Ancestry Genetic Variability Causes of Evolution Species Population Genetics Origins of Life on Earth Key Terms Chapter 10 Drill 11 Ecology Interacting with the Environment Behavior How Animals Communicate Plant Behavior Ecology Population Ecology Ecological Succession Human Impact on the Environment Key Terms Chapter 11 Drill 12 Quantitative Skills and Biostatistics Summarizing and Presenting Data Types of Data Types of Experiments or Questions Probability Hypothesis Testing Key Terms Chapter 12 Drill

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    13 Sample Free-Response Questions Section II: Free-Response Scoring Guidelines Sample Essays How to Use the Sample Free-Response Questions 14 Laboratory Lab 1: Artificial Selection Lab 2: Mathematical Modeling: Hardy-Weinberg Lab 3: Comparing DNA Sequences to Understand Evolutionary Relationships with BLAST Lab 4: Diffusion and Osmosis Lab 5: Photosynthesis Lab 6: Cellular Respiration Lab 7: Mitosis and Meiosis Lab 8: Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation Lab 9: Biotechnology: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA Lab 10: Energy Dynamics Lab 11: Transpiration Lab 12: Fruit Fly Behavior Lab 13: Enzyme Activity 15 Chapter Drill Answers and Explanations AP Biology Equations and Formulas Part VI: Additional Practice Tests Practice Test 2 Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations Practice Test 3 Practice Test 3: Answers and Explanations

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    1 Go to PrincetonReview.com/prep and enter the following ISBN for your book: 9780593517048 2 Answer a few simple questions to set up an exclusive Princeton Review account. (If you already have one, you can just log in.) 3 Enjoy access to your FREE content! Need to report a potential content issue? Contact EditorialSupport@review.com and include: « full title of the book «ISBN « page number Need to report a technical issue? Contact TPRStudentTech@review.com and provide: « your full name « email address used to register the book « full book title and ISBN « Operating system (Mac/PC) and browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.) Once you’ve registered, you can... « Get our take on any late-breaking developments to the AP Biology Exam * Get valuable advice about the college application process, including tips for writing a great essay and where to apply for financial aid « Use our searchable rankings of The Best 389 Colleges to find out more information about your dream school. « Access comprehensive study guides and a variety of printable resources, including bubble sheets and the AP Biology equation and formula tables « Check to see if there have been any corrections or updates to this edition + StudyXY

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    Look For These Icons Throughout The PROVEN TECHNIQUES APPLIED STRATEGIES OTHER REFERENCES

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    Part I Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score + Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations + Your Guide to Using This Book + How to Begin

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    PREVIEW: YOUR KNOWLEDGE, YOUR EXPECTATIONS Your route to a high score on the AP Biology Exam depends a lot on how you plan to use this book. Start thinking about your plan by responding to the following questions. 1. Rate your level of confidence about your knowledge of the content tested by the AP Biology Exam. A. Very confident—I know it all B. I'm pretty confident, but there are topics for which I could use help C. Not confident—I need quite a bit of support D. I’m not sure 2. If you have a goal score in mind, choose your goal score for the AP Biology Exam. 5 4 3 2 1 I’m not sure yet 3. What do you expect to learn from this book? Choose all that apply to you. A. A general overview of the test and what to expect B. Strategies for how to approach the test C. The content tested by this exam D. I’m not sure yet YOUR GUIDE TO USING THIS BOOK This book is organized to provide as much—or as little—support as you need, so you can use this book in whatever way will be most helpful to improving your score on the AP Biology Exam. « The remainder of Part I will provide guidance on how to use this book and help you determine your strengths and weaknesses. « Part II of this book contains your first practice test, a Diagnostic Answer Key, detailed answers and explanations for each question, and a scoring guide. (Bubble sheets can be found at the back of this book or printed from your online Student Tools.) This is where you should begin your test preparation in order to realistically determine: © your starting point right now ° which question types you’re ready for and which you might need to practice o which content topics you are familiar with and which you will want to carefully review + StudyXy

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    Room to Write On the actual test, you will be given space along with the bubble sheet to record your answers for each free-response question. You should use scrap paper for the free-responses on these practice tests (diagrams that need to be completed have been included in the book). After you've gotten a hang of the timing, be aware of how much space each response is taking up, in case you need to write in smaller print or use fewer words on the test. Once you have nailed down your strengths and weaknesses with regard to this exam, you can focus your test preparation, build a study plan, and be efficient with your time. Our Diagnostic Answer Key will assist you with this process. The content in this book accurately describes what the College Board has planned for its May 2024 exam, but in the event there are any late- breaking changes, please register your book online (it's free!) to see if there are any updates. « Part III of this book will: ° provide information about the structure, scoring, and content of the AP Biology Exam © help you to make a study plan © point you toward additional resources « Part IV of this book will explore: > how to handle multiple-choice questions ° how to write high-scoring free-response answers > how to manage your time to maximize the number of points available to you « Part V of this book covers the content you need for your exam. « Part VI of this book contains Practice Tests 2 and 3, and their answers and explanations. Compare your progress between these tests and with Practice Test 1. If you answer a certain type of question wrong several times, you probably need to review it. If you answer it wrong only once, you may have run out of time or been distracted. In either case, comparing your progress will allow you to focus on the factors that caused the discrepancy in scores and to be as prepared as possible on the day of the test. 1 Study.

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    You may choose to prioritize some parts of this book over others, or you may work through the entire book. Your approach will depend on your needs and how much time you have. Let’s examine how to make this determination. 1. Take Practice Test 1 Before you can decide how to use this book, you need to take a practice test. Doing so will give you insight into your strengths and weaknesses, and the test will also help you make an effective study plan. If you're feeling test- phobic, remind yourself that a practice test is just a tool for diagnosing yourself—it’s not how well you do that matters. As long as you try your best, you can glean invaluable information from your performance to guide your preparation. So, before you read further, take Practice Test 1 starting on this page of this book. Be sure to finish in one sitting, following the instructions that appear before the test. Are You a Visual Learner? If you're getting overwhelmed by all of the concepts for an AP course, consider looking at our Fast Track or ASAP books, available for some AP subjects. These handy guides focus on the most-tested content or present it in a friendly, illustrated fashion: 2. Check Your Answers Using the Diagnostic Answer Key on this page, follow our three-step process to identify your strengths and weaknesses with regard to the tested topics. This will help you determine which content review chapters to prioritize when studying this book. Don’t worry about the explanations for now, and don’t worry about missed questions. We'll get to that soon. 3. Reflect on the Test After you take your first test, respond to the following questions: « How much time did you spend on the multiple-choice questions? « How much time did you spend on each free-response question? + How many multiple-choice questions did you miss? « Do you feel you had the knowledge to address the subject matter of the free-response questions? + StudyXy

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    « Do you feel you wrote well-organized, thoughtful responses to the free- response questions? 4. Read Part III of this Book and Complete the Self-Evaluation As discussed in the Guide section above, Part III will provide information on how the test is structured and scored. It will also set out areas of content that are tested. As you read Part III, re-evaluate your answers to the questions above. At the end of Part III, you will revisit and refine those questions. You will then be able to make a study plan, based on your needs and time available, that will allow you to use this book most effectively. 5. Engage with Parts IV and V as Needed Notice the word engage. You'll get more out of this book if you use it intentionally than if you read it passively, hoping for an improved score through osmosis. The strategy chapters in Part IV will help you think about your approach to the question types on this exam. Part IV will open with a reminder to think about how you approach questions now, and then close with a reflection section asking you to think about how or whether you will change your approach in the future. The content chapters in Part V are designed to provide a review of the content tested on the AP Biology Exam, including the level of detail you need to know and how the content is tested. You will have the opportunity to assess your understanding of the content of each chapter through test-appropriate questions. | know we just said this on the previous page, but it's worth repeating! The strategy, content, and practice test chapters in this edition are up-to-date with the most recent AP Biology redesigns. If you register your book online, you'll have free access to any further updates. 6. Take Another Test and Assess Your Performance Once you feel you have developed the strategies you need and gained the knowledge you lacked, you should take Practice Test 2, which starts on this page of this book. You should finish in one sitting, following the instructions at the beginning of the test. + StudyXy

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    ‘When you are done, check your answers to the multiple-choice sections. See if a teacher will read your essays and provide feedback. Once you have taken the test, reflect on what areas you still need to work on and revisit the chapters in this book that address those deficiencies. Once you feel confident, take Practice Test 3, and repeat the process. Through this type of reflection and engagement, you will continue to improve. 7. Keep Working After you have revisited certain chapters in this book, continue the process of testing, reflection, and engaging with the content in this book and online. Consider what additional work you need to do and how you will change your strategic approach to different parts of the test. As we will discuss in Part II, there are other resources available to you, including a wealth of information at AP Students, the official site of the AP Exams. You can continue to explore areas where you need more improvement and engage in those areas right up to the day of the test. Go Online! Check us out on YouTube for test-taking tips and techniques to help you ace your next exam at youtube.com/ThePrincetonReview. + StudyXy

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    Part II Practice Test 1 + Practice Test 1 + Practice Test 1: Diagnostic Answer Key and Explanations + How to Score Practice Test 1

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    Practice Test 1 Click here to download a PDF of Practice Test 1.

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    The Exam AP® Biology Exam SECTION I: Multiple-Choice Questions DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. At a Glance Total Time 1 hour and 30 minutes Number of Questions 60 Percent of Total Score 50% Writing Instrument Pencil required Instructions Section I of this examination contains 60 multiple-choice questions. Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet. Answer sheets are available in the back of this book and online in your Students Tools (More Free Content). No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, completely fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Here is a sample question and answer. Sample Question Chicago is a (A) state (B) city (C) country (D) continent Sample Answer + StudyXy

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    Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to the ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all the multiple-choice questions. About Guessing Many candidates wonder whether or not to guess the answers to questions about which they are not certain. Multiple-choice scores are based on the number of questions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers, and no points are awarded for unanswered questions. Because points are not deducted for incorrect answers, you are encouraged to answer all multiple-choice questions. On any questions you do not know the answer to, you should eliminate as many choices as you can, and then select the best answer among the remaining choices. + StudyXy

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    BIOLOGY SECTION I 60 Questions Time—90 minutes Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Questions 1-5 refer to the following passage. The following table lists the intracellular osmolality concentrations of four osmoconforming organisms that are known to mimic the osmotic conditions of their surroundings. Table 1. Osmolality concentrations of osmoconforming organisms Organism 1 100 mOsm kg! Organism 2 400 mOsm kg! Organism 3 500 mOsm kg! Organism 4 150 mOsm kg! Organism 5 350 mOsm kg! 1. If a large amount of salt was added to the sealed tank where organism 4 was being kept, what would be the effect on the intracellular osmolality of organism 4? (A) Increase initially and then return to the initial state (B) Increase and maintain the increased state (C) Decrease and then return to the initial state (D) Decrease and maintain the decreased state 2. Which of the following would likely have the largest direct effect on data in the table? (A) A mutation in a cytoskeleton protein (B) A mutation in a protein in the sodium-potassium pump complex (C) A mutation in a lipid in the outer chloroplast membrane (D) A mutation in a nuclear pore channel protein + StudyXy

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    3. Which could decrease the osmolalities of the organisms? (A) Sodium is added to the sealed tank. (B) Chloride is injected into the organism. (C) Glucose is ingested by the organism. (D) Water is added to the sealed tank. 4. Which of the following statements best describes the insides of these organisms compared to the environment in the tank when they reach osmoconformity? (A) Due to the influx of water into the organisms’ cells, the organisms’ insides are hypertonic when compared to the tank. (B) Compared to the tank, the loss of water out of the organisms’ cells makes the organisms’ insides hypotonic. (C) The organisms” insides are isotonic since the intracellular osmolality concentrations match the osmolality concentrations of the tank. (D) The flow of water into and out of the organisms’ insides causes the cells to be retrotonic. 5. A population of organisms that are not osmoconformers is dropped into the tank with Organism 1. The intracellular osmolality of Organism 1 begins to slightly decrease. Which of the following could explain this? (A) The new organisms were hypotonic compared to the tank and they lost water via osmosis. (B) The new organisms expelled waste products that increased the tank’s osmolality. (C) The new organism competed with organism 1 for food and caused it to become active. (D) The new organism ingested large amounts of fluid and the tank fluid level decreased. Questions 6-9 refer to the following passage. The active site of the enzyme Ritzolinine (RZN45) contains three positively charged lysine residues. When ascorbic acid is present, binding of JB-76, the substrate of RZN45, decreases. The reaction rate is affected by the presence of ascorbic acid as shown in the figure below. It is thought that a daily supplement of Vitamin C might aid those suffering from Ritzolierre’s Disease, which is caused by elevated levels of RZN45.

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    Figure 1. Reaction rate based on ascorbic acid 6. Which of the following is likely true? (A) RZN45 and JB-76 have similarly charged amino acids at their active sites. (B) Ritzolinine is stabilized in the presence of Vitamin C. (C) Ascorbic acid and JB-76 each have a pocket of negatively charged amino acids. (D) JB-76 and ascorbic acid have an identical number of amino acids. 7. Which is the best explanation for the differing effects on reaction rate caused by ascorbic acid at low and high concentrations of JB-76? (A) At high concentrations of JB-76, there are fewer free active sites for the ascorbic acid to bind to. (B) At low concentrations of JB-76, there are fewer free allosteric sites for the RZN45 to bind to. (C) At high concentrations of JB-76, there are more free allosteric sites for the ascorbic acid to bind to. (D) At low concentrations of JB-76, there are more free active sites for the RZN45 to bind to. 8. A patient with Ritzolierre’s Disease would likely benefit from which of the following: 1. Injections of RZN45 II. Injections of JB-76 III. Injections of ascorbic acid (A) I only (B) IT only (C) III only (D) IT and IIT 9. If Figure 1 were to include additional data for higher concentrations of JB-76, how would the reaction rate change? (A) The reaction rate would be lower than any reaction rate shown in Figure 1. (B) The reaction rate would be higher than any reaction rate shown in Figure 1. (C) The reaction rate would be equal to the highest reaction rate shown in Figure 1. + StudyXy

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    (D) The reaction rate would increase gradually for each concentration of JB- 76 added. 10. The Galapagos Islands contain about 15 species of finches that vary in terms of beak size and strength. The differences are believed to have occurred as a result of allopatric speciation acting on the finch populations. Which of the following best explains how the finch populations developed different beaks? (A) As finches migrated between islands, alleles were transferred between populations through the process of gene flow. (B) Genetic drift occurred due to a hurricane near the islands, causing a bottleneck effect. (C) Through convergent evolution, the finches developed comparable features due to being exposed to comparable selective pressures. (D) Geographic isolation between the different islands kept the populations from breeding with each other, and each population evolved separately. 11. A cell experiences a nondisjunction event in Meiosis I. Calculate the chances of each resulting gamete exhibiting a normal karyotype. (A) 0% (B) 25% (C) 50% (D) 100% Questions 12-16 refer to the following passage. A gene responsible for production of hair pigment in dogs is called Fursilla (frsl). A map of the Fursilla locus is shown in Figure 1, below. When expressed, it results in darkly pigmented dog fur. When unexpressed, the hair is devoid of pigmentation and appears pure white. Expression of Fursilla (frsl) depends on the binding/lack of binding of several proteins: Nefur (NEFR), Lesfur (LSFR), and Dirkfur (DRKFR). Figure 2 shows the relative levels of frsl transcript as measured via RT-qPCR when each protein is overexpressed or unexpressed in the cell. Figure 1. Map of the Fursilla region of chromosome 8 Figure 2. Relative amounts of Fursilla transcript + StudyXy

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    12. Scientists identified a mutant allele of the Fursilla gene caused by a deletion of bases 1231-1295 on chromosome 8. What is the likely effect of this mutation? (A) No transcription and no translation of Fursilla will occur. (B) Transcription will not occur, but translation will be unaffected. (C) Transcription of Fursilla will occur, but no translation will occur. (D) Both transcription and translation of Fursilla will be unaffected. 13. Which of the following would likely produce a dog with the darkest fur? (A) High levels of LSFR and high levels of DRKFR (B) High levels of LSFR and low levels of DRKFR (C) Low levels of LSFR and high levels of DRKFR (D) Low levels of LSFR and low levels of DRKFR 14. Based on the data, which of the following most likely describes how the binding of proteins affects the production of Fursilla transcript? (A) Because Fursilla transcript levels change when certain proteins are overexpressed or unexpressed in the cell, Fursilla must interfere with the other proteins. (B) Because Fursilla transcript levels stay the same whether NEFR is overexpressed or unexpressed, NEFR must bind inhibit the production of Fursilla transcript. (C) Because Fursilla transcript levels decrease when LSFR is unexpressed in the cell, LSFR must compete for the binding site or RNA polymerase. (D) Because Fursilla transcript levels increase when DRKFR is unexpressed in the cell, DRKFR must compete for the binding site of RNA polymerase. 15. An additional protein, Baldidog (BLD), was identified and found to interact with the DRKFR protein. Based on this information, which of the following best describes why these proteins are able to bind together? (A) Complementary nucleotides sequences (B) Amino acid pockets with complementary conformations (C) Opposing regions rich in cytosines and thymines (D) Hydrophobic lipids and hydrophobic molecules 16. How would the overexpression of BLD affect the transcript levels of Fursilla? (A) Fursilla transcript levels would increase. (B) Fursilla transcript levels would decrease. (C) Fursilla transcript levels would be unaffected. + StudyXY

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    (D) Fursilla transcript would completely disappear. 17. Water molecules experience intermolecular forces when interacting with each other. Which of the following would most likely occur if water became a nonpolar molecule? (A) Polar solutes would dissolve in water forming aqueous solutions of various concentrations. (B) The amount of liquid water on the planet would increase, and the amount of water vapor in the air would decrease. (C) The melting and boiling points of water would increase. (D) Solid water would be more dense than liquid water, so ice would no longer float. Questions 18-21 refer to the following passage. A chain of three small islands was found to be the home to a small species of mouse. The angle of jaw opening was found to vary significantly. The average size angle of the maximal jaw opening found in mice at 10 locations on the three small islands is shown in Figure 1, below. Figure 1. Angles of maximal jaw opening (in degrees) for mice found at various island positions 18. A scientist wants to analyze the data to determine what factor accounts for the variation in maximal jaw angle. Which of the following analyses would best allow him to determine this cause? (A) Plot the wind speeds on each island versus the jaw angle. (B) Plot the heights of trees on each island versus the jaw angle. (C Plot the sizes of seeds on each island versus the jaw angle. (D) Plot the differences in altitude on each island versus the jaw angle. 19. If the mice from Island A and the mice from Island B were placed together, what would likely happen? (A) The mice would mate, but it is impossible to predict jaw angle. (B) The mice would mate, and the jaw angle would be approximately 27°. (C) The mice would mate, and the jaw angle would be either 21° or 32°. (D) The mice would not be capable of mating. + StudyXy

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    20. Skeletons have been found that indicate that mice with jaw angles less than 30 degrees were once found on Island B. Which explanation best accounts for this? (A) A small jaw angle hinders the survival of mice on Island B. (B) A large jaw angle hinders the survival of mice on Island A. (C) A small jaw angle encourages the survival of mice on Island C. (D) A large jaw angle encourages the survival of mice on Island A. 21. Which of the following statements best supports that the jaw angle on Island B changed via punctuated equilibrium? (A) Fossil evidence has shown that over time the jaw angle on Island B slowly increased. (B) Fossil evidence has shown that the jaw angle of the mice on Island B increased very quickly. (C) Fossil evidence has shown that over time the jaw angle on Island B slowly decreased. (D) Fossil evidence has shown that the jaw angle of the mice on Island B fluctuates over time. 22. A scientist studying osmosis placed six similarly sized pieces of potato in sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations and then measured the percent change in mass. Table 1. % change in mass of potato samples Sodium chloride concentration The percent change in mass is closest to 0% at which of the following approximate concentrations of the solutions? (A) 0.01 M (B) 0.25 M (©) 03M + StudyXY

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    (D) 0.45 M Questions 23-26 refer to the following passage. Proteins often need the equivalent of a shipping label so that they can be sent intracellularly or extracellularly to the correct location. These labels are typically found in three forms: signal sequences, target signals, or localization signals. A signal sequence is a stretch of hydrophobic amino acid residue that is only located within polypeptides destined to fold into EITHER extracellular proteins, intermembrane proteins that will anchor to the cell surface, or proteins that will be members of the secretory pathway that packs and ships things towards the cell surface. A targeting signal is a sequence that identifies the proteins of the secretory pathway. A localization signal is a sequence that labels proteins that are destined to go to specific organelles (that are not part of the secretory pathway). The table below shows seven eukaryotic proteins, and the sequences have been identified in each. Table 1. Sequences identified within eukaryotic proteins Signal Sequence Targeting Signal Localization Sequence 23. Which of following could be a description for HRIET1? (A) A protein found in the blood that plays a role in the immune system (B) A protein found in the Golgi apparatus that helps tether vesicles (C) A protein found in the nucleolus aiding in ribosome assembly (D) A protein found in the cytosol serving as a cytoskeletal anchor 24. One of the proteins was found to be a receptor for a large protein that is produced in the brain and travels through the blood until it can dock at the target cells that it stimulates. Which of the proteins is likely this receptor? + StudyXy

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