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Fluid Dynamics of Single Particles

Physics10 CardsCreated 6 days ago

This deck covers key concepts from the study of fluid dynamics related to single solid particles in fluids, focusing on drag coefficients, terminal velocity, and the effects of various conditions on particle motion.

What is the drag coefficient (CD)?

The drag coefficient is the ratio of the force on a particle to the fluid dynamic pressure times the area projected by the particle.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is the drag coefficient (CD)?
The drag coefficient is the ratio of the force on a particle to the fluid dynamic pressure times the area projected by the particle.
What are the four regions of the standard drag curve?
The four regions are the Stokes' law region, the Newton's law region, the intermediate region, and the boundary layer separation region.
What is the Stokes' law regime?
In the Stokes' law regime, the viscosity of the fluid dominates, and the drag coefficient is inversely proportional to the Reynolds number.
What factors affect the terminal velocity of a particle in a fluid?
Terminal velocity is affected by particle size, density, fluid viscosity, and the drag coefficient.
How does the presence of boundaries affect terminal velocity?
Boundaries increase drag by distorting flow patterns and reflecting streamlines, reducing terminal velocity.
What is the effect of turbulence on the drag coefficient?
Turbulence can increase the drag coefficient, especially when the fluid has a high velocity gradient or is agitated.

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TermDefinition
What is the drag coefficient (CD)?
The drag coefficient is the ratio of the force on a particle to the fluid dynamic pressure times the area projected by the particle.
What are the four regions of the standard drag curve?
The four regions are the Stokes' law region, the Newton's law region, the intermediate region, and the boundary layer separation region.
What is the Stokes' law regime?
In the Stokes' law regime, the viscosity of the fluid dominates, and the drag coefficient is inversely proportional to the Reynolds number.
What factors affect the terminal velocity of a particle in a fluid?
Terminal velocity is affected by particle size, density, fluid viscosity, and the drag coefficient.
How does the presence of boundaries affect terminal velocity?
Boundaries increase drag by distorting flow patterns and reflecting streamlines, reducing terminal velocity.
What is the effect of turbulence on the drag coefficient?
Turbulence can increase the drag coefficient, especially when the fluid has a high velocity gradient or is agitated.
How does particle shape affect drag coefficient?
Non-spherical particles have variable drag coefficients depending on their orientation and sphericity.
What is the Archimedes number (Ar)?
The Archimedes number is a dimensionless number used to characterize the motion of fluids due to density differences.
What is the significance of the Reynolds number (Rep) for particles?
The Reynolds number determines the flow regime and influences the drag coefficient and terminal velocity of particles.
What is the effect of Brownian motion on very fine particles?
Brownian motion causes random movement due to molecular collisions, affecting the settling behavior of very fine particles.