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Art /Soil Classification and Taxonomy

Soil Classification and Taxonomy

Art10 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

This deck covers key concepts in soil classification and taxonomy, including soil properties, diagnostic horizons, soil moisture regimes, and soil orders.

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What is soil taxonomy based on?

Soil taxonomy is based on soil properties that can be measured or observed, not on soil forming factors or language.

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Key Terms

Term

Definition

What is soil taxonomy based on?

Soil taxonomy is based on soil properties that can be measured or observed, not on soil forming factors or language.

List some properties used in soil classification.

Temperature, color, texture, structure, organic matter, clay, salts, and pH.

What is a mollic epipedon?

A mollic epipedon is a dark-colored, thick surface horizon high in organic matter with over 50% base saturation, common in grassland soils.

Define base saturation.

Base saturation is the proportion of soil bases (such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium) to the total cation exchange capacity of the soil.

What characterizes an argillic horizon?

An argillic horizon is characterized by the subsurface accumulation of clay, often transported down by water.

Describe the characteristics of a natric horizon.

A natric horizon has clay films and more than 15% exchangeable sodium, typically found in arid or semiarid environments.

What is a histosol?

Histosols are organic soils without permafrost, often found in bogs, with high organic matter due to slow decomposition in low oxygen environments.

What are vertisols known for?

Vertisols are known for their high shrink/swell capacity due to clay content, causing large cracks when dry and swelling when wet.

What is the main feature of oxisols?

Oxisols are highly weathered soils dominated by oxides, found in hot climates with year-round moisture, such as rainforests.

What is a spodic horizon?

A spodic horizon is characterized by the accumulation of organic matter and aluminum oxides, typically found under cool pine forests.

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Soil Classification and Taxonomy

Term	Definition
What is soil taxonomy based on?	Soil taxonomy is based on soil properties that can be measured or observed, not on soil forming factors or language.
List some properties used in soil classification.	Temperature, color, texture, structure, organic matter, clay, salts, and pH.
What is a mollic epipedon?	A mollic epipedon is a dark-colored, thick surface horizon high in organic matter with over 50% base saturation, common in grassland soils.
Define base saturation.	Base saturation is the proportion of soil bases (such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium) to the total cation exchange capacity of the soil.
What characterizes an argillic horizon?	An argillic horizon is characterized by the subsurface accumulation of clay, often transported down by water.
Describe the characteristics of a natric horizon.	A natric horizon has clay films and more than 15% exchangeable sodium, typically found in arid or semiarid environments.
What is a histosol?	Histosols are organic soils without permafrost, often found in bogs, with high organic matter due to slow decomposition in low oxygen environments.
What are vertisols known for?	Vertisols are known for their high shrink/swell capacity due to clay content, causing large cracks when dry and swelling when wet.
What is the main feature of oxisols?	Oxisols are highly weathered soils dominated by oxides, found in hot climates with year-round moisture, such as rainforests.
What is a spodic horizon?	A spodic horizon is characterized by the accumulation of organic matter and aluminum oxides, typically found under cool pine forests.