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Test Bank for Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, First Canadian Edition

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    T EST I TEM F ILE Jeff Stuart Brock University C AMPBELL BIOLOGY C ONCEPTS & C ONNECTIONS Canadian Edition Jane B. Reece / Martha R. Taylor / Eric J. Simon Jean L. Dickey / Kevin G-E. Scott

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    Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, Canadian Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Scott ii Table of Contents Chapter 1: Exploring Biology ........................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2: The Essential Chemistry of Life ................................................................................. 12 Chapter 3: The Compounds of Cells ............................................................................................ 28 Chapter 4: Cellular Structure ........................................................................................................ 44 Chapter 5: Cellular Function ........................................................................................................ 66 Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy ......................................................................... 85 Chapter 7: Photosynthesis .......................................................................................................... 104 Chapter 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance ................................................ 121 Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance .............................................................................................. 137 Chapter 10: Molecular Genetics ................................................................................................. 153 Chapter 11: Gene Expression ..................................................................................................... 167 Chapter 12: DNA Technology and Genomics............................................................................ 183 Chapter 13: Evolution: In the Beginning.................................................................................... 200 Chapter 14: Mechanisms of Evolution ....................................................................................... 213 Chapter 15: Speciation and Phylogeny....................................................................................... 228 Chapter 16: Viruses and Other Acellular “Life” ........................................................................ 244 Chapter 17: Bacteria and Other Prokaryotes .............................................................................. 256 Chapter 18: Biodiversity of Protists and Fungi .......................................................................... 265 Chapter 19: Biodiversity of Plants ............................................................................................. 277 Chapter 20: Biodiversity of Invertebrate Animals ..................................................................... 291 Chapter 21: Biodiversity of Vertebrate Animals ........................................................................ 307 Chapter 22: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction ............................................................ 324 Chapter 23: Nutrition in Plants ................................................................................................... 340 Chapter 24: Control Systems in Plants ....................................................................................... 353 Chapter 25: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function ........................................... 367 Chapter 26: Nutrition in Animals ............................................................................................... 384 Chapter 27: Gas Exchange ......................................................................................................... 403 Chapter 28: Circulation and Waste Removal ............................................................................. 417 Chapter 29: Hormones and Endocrine Systems ......................................................................... 440 Chapter 30: Animal Reproduction and Development ................................................................ 454 Chapter 31: Neurons and Nervous Systems ............................................................................... 470

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    Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, Canadian Edition Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Scott iii Chapter 32: Sensation ................................................................................................................. 486 Chapter 33: Animal Locomotion ................................................................................................ 501 Chapter 34: Animal Immune Systems ........................................................................................ 516 Chapter 35: The Biosphere: An Introduction to Earth’s Diverse Environments ........................ 529 Chapter 36: Behavioural Ecology .............................................................................................. 544 Chapter 37: Population Ecology ................................................................................................. 559 Chapter 38: Community Ecology ............................................................................................... 572 Chapter 39: Symbioses ............................................................................................................... 582 Chapter 40: Ecosystem Ecology ................................................................................................. 593 Chapter 41: Conservation and Sustainability ............................................................................. 602

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    1 Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, Cdn. Ed. (Reece et al.) Chapter 1 Exploring Biology 1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false ? A) All organisms have the ability to take in energy and use it. B) All organisms have the ability to respond to stimuli from the environment. C) All organisms have the ability to reproduce. D) All organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal temperature. Answer: D Topic: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Which of the following is not one of the seven properties and processes that we associate with life? A) Order B) Balance C) Regulation D) Energy processing Answer: B Topic: 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive? A) ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, organelle, tissue B) cell, molecule, organ system, organ, organelle, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community C) organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, organelle, community, cell, ecosystem, molecule D) molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem Answer: D Topic: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 4) What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system? A) The tissue level of organization is more inclusive than the organ system level. B) Tissues are not composed of cells; organ systems are composed of cells. C) A tissue cannot exist unless it is a component of an organ system; whereas, an organ system can exist independently of tissues. D) An organ system includes tissues. Answer: D Topic: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    2 5) The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp’s nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent A) a species. B) a community. C) a population. D) an ecosystem. Answer: B Topic: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 6) If you eat a hamburger, you are mainly eating ground-up beef muscle. What levels of organization are represented in this ground-up muscle? A) organism, population, and community B) organ, organ system, and organism C) organelle, cell, and tissue D) tissue, organ, and organ system Answer: C Topic: 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 7) Which of the following statements regarding a common cellular activity is false ? A) Cells respond to the environment. B) Cells develop and maintain complex organization. C) Cells regulate their internal environment. D) New cells are derived from cellular components like organelles. Answer: D Topic: 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 8) Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that A) has a nucleus. B) has a membrane. C) makes up most of the tissues of your body. D) is much larger than most cells in your body. Answer: B Topic: 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis 9) Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false ? A) Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem. B) Plants and other photosynthetic organisms are producers in ecosystems. C) Chemical nutrients cycle within an ecosystem. D) In the process of energy conversions within an ecosystem, some energy is converted to heat. Answer: A Topic: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    3 10) The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is A) wind. B) sunlight. C) electricity. D) radioactivity. Answer: B Topic: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 11) In an ecosystem, energy A) cycles along with chemical nutrients. B) typically flows from consumers to producers to decomposers. C) typically flows from producers through a series of consumers. D) ultimately comes from bacteria. Answer: C Topic: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 12) A tree’s leaves use energy from sunlight to convert ________ to O2. A) H2O and sugar B) O2 and H2O C) CO2 and H2O D) sugar and CO2 Answer: C Topic: 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 13) Which of the following statements about genetics is true ? A) Genes are proteins that produce DNA. B) DNA is made up of six different kinds of nucleotides. C) Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA. D) Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides. Answer: C Topic: 1.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 14) Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains A) Bacteria and Archaea. B) Plantae and Animalia. C) Eukarya and Archaea. D) Fungi and Bacteria. Answer: A Topic: 1.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    4 15) Which of the following statements about the domain Bacteria is true ? A) Archaea belong to this domain. B) All bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus. C) All bacteria are multicellular organisms. D) All bacteria lack a nucleus. Answer: D Topic: 1.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 16) Members of the kingdom Animalia A) can obtain their food either by absorption or by photosynthesis. B) are composed of cells that lack a cell membrane. C) can obtain their food by eating other organisms. D) make their own food through photosynthesis. Answer: C Topic: 1.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 17) Kingdom Fungi includes species A) such as mushrooms and plants. B) that obtain food by ingestion. C) that use photosynthesis to obtain food. D) that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients. Answer: D Topic: 1.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 18) Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain Eukarya? A) Viruses B) Fungi C) Archaea D) Bacteria Answer: B Topic: 1.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 19) All organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae A) are photosynthetic. B) obtain food by decomposing the remains of dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients. C) are unicellular and lack a nucleus. D) are multicellular and lack a nucleus. Answer: A Topic: 1.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    5 20) The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as horses) are usually broad and ridged. This makes the teeth suitable for grinding and chewing. Meat-eating animals (such as lions) have pointed teeth that are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. This illustrates A) a result of natural selection only. B) the connection between form and function only. C) a food web. D) a result of natural selection as well as the connection between form and function. Answer: D Topic: 1.7 Skill: Application/Analysis 21) Which of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin’s theory of natural selection? A) Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are passed from parents to offspring. B) Individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their lifespans to better fit their environment. C) Factors in the environment result in some organisms having better reproductive success than others. D) Natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species. Answer: B Topic: 1.7 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 22) An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria A) to be just as susceptible to that antibiotic as was the previous generation. B) to be more resistant to that antibiotic. C) to die out due to the drastic decrease in population size. D) to be more contagious than the prior generation. Answer: B Topic: 1.7 Skill: Application/Analysis 23) Which of the following statements about evolution is true ? A) Individuals evolve within the span of their own lifetimes. B) Organisms evolve structures in response to needs. C) Evolution is deliberate and purposeful. D) Evolution can result in adaptations. Answer: D Topic: 1.7 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    6 24) Consider the following statement: “If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones.” This statement is an example of A) a hypothesis. B) rationalization. C) deductive reasoning. D) inductive reasoning. Answer: C Topic: 1.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 25) A hypothesis is A) the same as a theory. B) a proposed explanation for a set of observations. C) an explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence. D) a widely accepted idea about a phenomenon. Answer: B Topic: 1.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 26) You notice that over the past month, many students on campus have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself that perhaps the bookstore has recently started selling this new sweatshirt style. This prediction is an example of A) an experimental question. B) a type of observation. C) a hypothesis. D) an experiment. Answer: C Topic: 1.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) A theory is A) an idea that has been proven. B) a concept in the early stages that still needs to be tested. C) a description of a belief that invokes the supernatural. D) an explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence. Answer: D Topic: 1.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 28) To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be A) part of a theory. B) controlled. C) reasonable. D) testable and falsifiable. Answer: D Topic: 1.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    7 29) Which of the following describes inductive reasoning? A) a predicted explanation for a set of observations B) collecting and analyzing observations to lead to a conclusion C) searching for information to answer specific questions D) The logic flows from general premises to specific results. Answer: B Topic: 1.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 30) A well designed experiment should use a large number of samples and be A) controlled, randomized, and blinded. B) uncontrolled, randomized, and blinded. C) controlled, carefully chosen, and blinded. D) uncontrolled, carefully chosen, and blinded. Answer: A Topic: 1.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 31) The role of a control in an experiment is to A) provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group. B) prove that a hypothesis is correct. C) ensure repeatability. D) counteract the negative effect of the experiment. Answer: A Topic: 1.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 32) A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that A) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate. B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data. C) two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable. D) one experiment is performed, but the scientist controls the variables. Answer: C Topic: 1.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 33) Which of the following best represents an example of technology? A) figuring out what mountain gorillas eat B) sequencing the human genome C) developing a test for genetic diseases D) identifying the cause of a new contagious disease Answer: C Topic: 1.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    8 34) Which of the following is not an example of evolution that has resulted from human activity? A) Many strains of bacteria are now resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. B) Like certain other crops, domesticated strawberries are larger than wild strawberries. C) Because of hunting, species such as bears and wolves are in danger of extinction. D) Some insect species are now resistant to pesticides. Answer: C Topic: 1.11 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 1.2 Art Questions 1) Which level in the hierarchy shown is a community? A) level A B) level B C) level C D) level D Answer: C Topic: 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    9 2) Which of the following organisms belongs to the group represented in Box 1? A) giraffe B) tree C) decomposing bacteria D) leopard Answer: B Topic: 1.4 Skill: Application/Analysis

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    10 1.3 Scenario Questions After reading the paragraph below, answer the question(s) that follow(s). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) set up a study to determine whether large doses of vitamin C would shorten the length of time it takes to recover from a cold. Three thousand volunteers were split into two groups. For two weeks, members of Group A took 3000 mg of vitamin C daily. Group B received 3000 mg of a placebo. At the end of the two-week period, the researchers inserted live cold viruses directly into the noses of all the volunteers. The volunteers in both Group A and B continued to take their daily pills. All the volunteers got colds, and there was no significant difference in the length of time the colds lasted. 1) Which was the experimental group? A) Group A only B) Group B only C) all 3000 volunteers D) the researchers that inserted the cold virus Answer: A Topic: 1.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) To have confidence that the results of the experiment were valid, you’d also want to know A) whether any volunteers had colds at the start of the experiment. B) whether the volunteers exercised daily. C) whether the volunteers all worked for the same company. D) what the volunteers ate during the experiment. Answer: A Topic: 1.9 Skill: Application/Analysis After reading the paragraph below, answer the question(s) that follow(s). You have landed on a distant, Earthlike planet and are leading a team of scientists charged with discovering whether life exists there. Realizing how difficult it can be to define life on Earth, let alone on another planet, your team put together a list of criteria that should be met for something to be considered alive. 3) Which of the following would represent a good, relatively unbiased list? A) carbon-based and have ribosomes, DNA, RNA, and proteins B) capable of reproduction, energy interconversions, and response to stimuli C) capable of reproduction, have distinct organelles including mitochondria, and be carbon- based D) multi-cellular, have ribosomes, DNA, RNA, and proteins, and have distinct organelles including mitochondria Answer: B Topic: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis

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    11 4) How long do you think it would take to determine whether an extra-terrestrial potential life form was indeed alive? A) one day B) one week C) one year D) impossible to determine Answer: D Topic: 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis

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    12 Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, Cdn. Ed. (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Essential Chemistry of Life 2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The four most common elements in living organisms are A) C, H, O, Fe. B) C, H, O, Na. C) C, H, O, N. D) C, N, O, Na. Answer: C Topic: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Which of the following is a trace element in the human body? A) nitrogen B) zinc C) oxygen D) hydrogen Answer: B Topic: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) Which of the following statements regarding matter is false ? A) All life is composed of matter. B) All matter has mass. C) All matter is composed of elements. D) All matter exists in the form of compounds. Answer: D Topic: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 4) Which of the following statements best describes a compound? A) A compound is a pure element. B) A compound contains two or more different elements in a fixed ratio. C) A compound is exemplified by sodium. D) A compound is a solution. Answer: B Topic: 2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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