CCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert Guide (2023)

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Companion Website and Pearson Test PrepAccess CodeAccess interactive study tools on this book’s companion website, including practice testsoftware, review exercises, a Key Term flash card application, a study planner, and more!To access the companion website, simply follow these steps:1.Go towww.ciscopress.com/register.2.Enter theprint book ISBN:9780138216764.3.Answer the security question to validate your purchase.4.Go to your account page.5.Click on theRegistered Productstab.6.Under the book listing, click on theAccess Bonus Contentlink.When you register your book, your Pearson Test Prep practice test access code will auto-matically be populated in your account under the Registered Products tab. You will needthis code to access the practice test that comes with this book. You can redeem the codeatPearsonTestPrep.com. Simply choose Pearson IT Certification as your product groupand log in to the site with the same credentials you used to register your book. Click theActivate New Productbutton and enter the access code. More detailed instructions onhow to redeem your access code for both the online and desktop versions can be foundon the companion website.If you have any issues accessing the companion website or obtaining your PearsonTest Prep practice test access code, you can contact our support team by going topearsonitp.echelp.org.

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Cisco PressCCNPand CCIEEnterpriseCoreENCOR 350-401OfficialCert Guide,Second EditionBRAD EDGEWORTH,CCIE No. 31574RAMIRO GARZA RIOS,CCIE No. 15469DAVID HUCABY,CCIE No. 4594JASON GOOLEY,CCIE No. 38759

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ivCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR350-401 Official Cert Guide, SecondEditionBrad Edgeworth, Ramiro Garza Rios, David Hucaby, Jason GooleyCopyright© 2024 Cisco Systems, Inc.Published by: Cisco PressAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrievalsystem, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in areview.$PrintCodeISBN-13: 978-0-13-821676-4ISBN-10: 0-13-821676-2Warning and DisclaimerThis book is designed to provide information about the CCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core Exam. Everyeffort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty orfitness is implied.The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shallhave neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arisingfrom the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accom-pany it.The opinions expressed in this book belong to the authors and are not necessarily those of CiscoSystems, Inc.Trademark AcknowledgmentsAll terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropri-ately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information.Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or servicemark.Special SalesFor information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which mayinclude electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, traininggoals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department atcorpsales@pearsoned.com or (800) 382-3419.For government sales inquiries, please contact governmentsales@pearsoned.com.For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contact intlcs@pearson.com.

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vFeedback InformationAt Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each bookis crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise ofmembers from the professional technical community.Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any comments regarding how wecould improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact usthrough email at feedback@ciscopress.com. Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in yourmessage.We greatly appreciate your assistance.Vice President, IT Professional:Mark TaubComposition:codeMantraAlliances Managers, Cisco Press:Technical Editors:Richard Furr, DeniseJaci Featherly, James RislerFishburne, Dmitry Figol, Patrick CroakDirector, ITP Product Management:Brett BartowEditorial Assistant:Cindy TeetersExecutive Editor:Malobika ChakrabortyCover Designer:Chuti PrasertsithManaging Editor:Sandra SchroederDevelopment Editor:Ellie BruSenior Project Editor:Tonya SimpsonIndexer:Timothy WrightCopy Editor:Chuck HutchinsonProofreader:Donna E. MulderAmericas HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.San Jose, CAAsia Pacific HeadquartersCisco Systems (USA) Pte. Ltd.SingaporeEurope HeadquartersCisco Systems International BV Amsterdam,The NetherlandsCisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Website atwww.cisco.com/go/offices.Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, goto this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not implya partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R)Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks,go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner doesnot imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R)Americas HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.San Jose, CAAsia Pacific HeadquartersCisco Systems (USA) Pte. Ltd.SingaporeEurope HeadquartersCisco Systems International BV Amsterdam,The NetherlandsCisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Website atwww.cisco.com/go/offices.

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viCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideAbout the Author(s)Brad Edgeworth, CCIE No. 31574 (R&S and SP), is an SD-WAN technical solutionsarchitect at Cisco Systems. Brad is a distinguished speaker at Cisco Live, where he haspresented on various topics. Before joining Cisco, Brad worked as a network architect andconsultant for various Fortune 500 companies. Brad’s expertise is based on enterpriseand service provider environments, with an emphasis on architectural and operationalsimplicity. Brad holds a bachelor of arts degree in computer systems management from St.Edward’s University in Austin, Texas. Brad can be found on Twitter as @BradEdgeworth.Ramiro Garza Rios, CCIE No. 15469 (R&S, SP, and Security), has over 20 years ofexperience in the networking industry and currently works as a solutions architect in theCisco Customer Experience (CX) organization. His expertise is on enterprise and serviceprovider network environments, with a focus on evolving architectures and next-genera-tion technologies. He is also a Cisco Live distinguished speaker.Before joining Cisco Systems in 2005, he was a network consulting and presales engineerfor a Cisco Gold Partner in Mexico, where he planned, designed, and implemented bothenterprise and service provider networks.David Hucaby, CCIE No. 4594 (R&S), CWNE No. 292, is a technical education contentengineer for Cisco Meraki, where he focuses on eLearning for the Meraki product lines.David holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees in electrical engineering from the Universityof Kentucky. He has been authoring Cisco Press titles for almost 25 years.Jason Gooley, CCIEx2 (RS, SP) No. 38759, has over 30 years of experience in the indus-try and currently works as a technical evangelist for the Worldwide Enterprise Network-ing and Software Sales team at Cisco Systems. Jason is passionate about helping othersin the industry succeed. In addition to being a public speaker, Jason is a published CiscoPress author, developer of CCIE exams, an online training instructor, and a blogger. Jasonis also co-founder and organizer of the Chicago Network Operators Group (CHI-NOG).He is the founder and host ofMetalDevOps, which is a YouTube video show about theintersection of metal music and technology.

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viiAbout the Technical ReviewersRichard Furr, CCIE No. 9173 (R&S and SP), is an technical leader in the Cisco CustomerExperience (CX) organization, providing support for customers and TAC teams aroundthe world. Richard has authored and acted as a technical editor for Cisco Press publica-tions. During the past 19 years, Richard has provided support to service provider, enter-prise, and data center environments, resolving complex problems with routing protocols,MPLS, IP Multicast, IPv6, and QoS.Denise “Fish” Fishburne, CCDE No. 2009::0014, CCIE No. 2639 (R&S and SNA), is asolutions architect with Cisco Systems. Fish is a geek who absolutely adores learning andpassing it on. Fish has been with Cisco since 1996 and has worn many varying “hats,”such as TAC engineer, advanced services engineer, CPOC engineer, and now solutionsarchitect. Fish is heavily involved with Cisco Live, which is a huge passion of hers.Outside of Cisco, you will find her actively sharing and “passing it on” on her blog site,YouTube channel, and Twitter. Look for Fish swimming in the bits and bytes all aroundyou or just go to www.NetworkingWithFish.com.Dmitry Figol, CCIE No. 53592 (R&S), is a systems engineer in Cisco Systems EnterpriseSales. He is in charge of design and implementation of software applications and automa-tion systems for Cisco. His main expertise is network programmability and automation.Before joining Cisco Sales, Dmitry worked on the Cisco Technical Assistance Center(TAC) Core Architecture and VPN teams. Dmitry maintains several open-source projectsand is a regular speaker at conferences. He also does live streams on Twitch aboutnetwork programmability and Python. Dmitry holds a bachelor of science degree intelecommunications. Dmitry can be found on Twitter as @dmfigol.Patrick Croak, CCIE No. 34712 (Wireless), is a systems engineer with a focus on wire-less and mobility. He is responsible for designing, implementing, and optimizing enter-prise wireless networks. He also works closely with the business unit and account teamsfor product development and innovation. Prior to this role, he spent several years workingon the TAC Support Escalation team, troubleshooting complex wireless network issues.Patrick has been with Cisco since 2006.

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viiiCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideDedicationsBrad Edgeworth:This book is dedicated to my wife, Tanya. The successes and achievements I have todayare because of Tanya. Whenever I failed an exam, she provided the support and encour-agement to dust myself off and try again. She sacrificed years’ worth of weekends whileI studied for my CCIE certifications. Her motivation has allowed me to overcome avariety of obstacles with great success.Ramiro Garza:I would like to dedicate this book to my wonderful and beautiful wife, Mariana, and tomy four children, Ramiro, Frinee, Felix, and Lucia, for their love, patience, and supportas I worked on this project. And to my parents, Ramiro and Blanca D., and my in-laws,Juan A. and Marisela, for their continued support and encouragement. And mostimportant of all, I would like to thank God for all His blessings in my life.David Hucaby:As always, my work is dedicated to my wife and my daughters, for their love andsupport, and to God, who has blessed me with opportunities to learn, write, and workwith so many friends.Jason Gooley:This book is dedicated to my wife, Jamie, and my children, Kaleigh and Jaxon. Withouttheir support, these books would not be possible. To my father and brother, thank youfor always supporting me.

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ixAcknowledgmentsBrad Edgeworth:A debt of gratitude goes to my co-authors, Ramiro, Jason, and David. I’m privileged tobe able to write a book with all of you.To Brett Bartow, thank you for giving me the privilege to write on such an esteemedbook. I’m thankful to work with Ellie Bru and Tonya Simpson again, along with the restof the Pearson team.To the technical editors—Richard, Denise, Dmitry, and Patrick—thank you for yourattention to detail.Many people within Cisco have provided feedback and suggestions to make this a greatbook. And to all of those who share knowledge (wherever you are located), keep doing it.That is how we make this world a better place.To the readers of this text, never give up. Failure is an opportunity to learn and growyourself. You probably will not like it, it does not taste good, but after you learn andovercome, you will learn to embrace it (or at least that is what I keep telling myself).Ramiro Garza Rios:I’d like to give a special thank you to Brett Bartow for giving us the opportunity to workon this project and for being our guiding light. I’m also really grateful and honored tohave worked with Brad, Jason, and David; they are amazing and great to work with. I’dlike to give special recognition to Brad for providing the leadership for this project. A bigthank you to the Cisco Press team for all your support, especially to Ellie Bru. I wouldalso like to thank our technical editors—Denise, Richard, Patrick, and Dmitry—for theirvaluable feedback to ensure that the technical content of this book is top-notch. Andmost important of all, I would like to thank God for all His blessings in my life.David Hucaby:I am very grateful to Brett Bartow for giving me the opportunity to work on this project.Brad, Ramiro, and Jason have been great to work with. Many thanks to Ellie Bru for herhard work editing our many chapters!Jason Gooley:Thank you to the rest of the author team for having me on this book. It has been a blast!Thanks to Brett and the whole Cisco Press team for all the support and always beingavailable. This project is near and dear to my heart, as I am extremely passionate abouthelping others on their certification journey.

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xCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideContents at a GlanceIntroductionxliPart IForwardingChapter 1Packet Forwarding2Part IILayer 2Chapter 2Spanning Tree Protocol36Chapter 3Advanced STP Tuning58Chapter 4Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol80Chapter 5VLAN Trunks and EtherChannel Bundles94Part IIIRoutingChapter 6IP Routing Essentials124Chapter 7EIGRP154Chapter 8OSPF170Chapter 9Advanced OSPF202Chapter 10OSPFv3230Chapter 11BGP244Chapter 12Advanced BGP288Chapter 13Multicast334Part IVServicesChapter 14Quality of Service (QoS)370Chapter 15IP Services418Part VOverlayChapter 16Overlay Tunnels466Part VIWirelessChapter 17Wireless Signals and Modulation510Chapter 18Wireless Infrastructure542

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Contents xiChapter 19Understanding Wireless Roaming and Location Services572Chapter 20Authenticating Wireless Clients590Chapter 21Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity608Part VIIArchitectureChapter 22Enterprise Network Architecture622Chapter 23Fabric Technologies642Chapter 24Network Assurance672Part VIIISecurityChapter 25Secure Network Access Control736Chapter 26Network Device Access Control and Infrastructure Security778Part IXSDNChapter 27Virtualization826Chapter 28Foundational Network Programmability Concepts850Chapter 29Introduction to Automation Tools892Chapter 30Final Preparation926Chapter 31ENCOR 350-401 Exam Updates932Appendix AAnswers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Questions936Glossary956Index978Online ElementsAppendix BMemory TablesAppendix CMemory Tables Answer KeyAppendix DStudy PlannerGlossary

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xiiCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideReader ServicesRegister your copyat www.ciscopress.com/title/9780138216764 for convenient accessto downloads, updates, and corrections as they become available. To start the registrationprocess, go to www.ciscopress.com/register and log in or create an account.*Enter theproduct ISBN 9780138216764 and click Submit. When the process is complete, you willfind any available bonus content under Registered Products.*Be sure to check the box that you would like to hear from us to receive exclusivediscounts on future editions of this product.

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xiiiContentsIntroductionxliPart IForwardingChapter 1Packet Forwarding2“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz2Foundation Topics3Network Device Communication3Layer 2 Forwarding4Collision Domains5Virtual LANs7Access Ports11Trunk Ports12Layer 2 Diagnostic Commands15Layer 3 Forwarding19Local Network Forwarding19Packet Routing20IP Address Assignment21Verification of IP Addresses24Forwarding Architectures26Process Switching26Cisco Express Forwarding27Ternary Content Addressable Memory27Centralized Forwarding28Distributed Forwarding28Software CEF29Hardware CEF30SDM Templates30Exam Preparation Tasks32Review All Key Topics32Complete Tables and Lists from Memory33Define Key Terms33Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory33References in This Chapter34

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xivCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuidePart IILayer 2Chapter 2Spanning Tree Protocol36“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz36Foundation Topics38Spanning Tree Protocol Fundamentals38IEEE 802.1D STP38802.1D Port States39802.1D Port Types39STP Key Terminology39Building the STP Topology41Spanning Tree Path Cost41Root Bridge Election41Locating Blocked Designated Switch Ports45Verification of VLANs on Trunk Links48STP Topology Changes49Converging with Direct Link Failures50Indirect Failures52Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol53RSTP (802.1W) Port States54RSTP (802.1W) Port Roles54RSTP (802.1W) Port Types54Building the RSTP Topology55RSTP Convergence55Exam Preparation Tasks56Review All Key Topics56Complete Tables and Lists from Memory56Define Key Terms56Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory56Chapter 3Advanced STP Tuning58“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz58Foundation Topics59STP Topology Tuning59Placing the Root Bridge60Modifying STP Root Port and Blocked Switch Port Locations63Modifying STP Port Priority66Additional STP Protection Mechanisms67Root Guard68

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Contents xvSTP Portfast68BPDU Guard70BPDU Filter72Problems with Unidirectional Links73STP Loop Guard74Unidirectional Link Detection75Review All Key Topics76Exam Preparation Tasks76Complete Tables and Lists from Memory77Define Key Terms77Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory77Chapter 4Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol80“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz80Foundation Topics81Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol81MST Instances (MSTIs)83MST Configuration84MST Verification85MST Tuning87Common MST Misconfigurations89VLAN Assignment to the IST89Trunk Link Pruning90MST Region Boundary90MST Region as the Root Bridge91MST Region Not a Root Bridge for Any VLAN91Exam Preparation Tasks92Review All Key Topics92Complete Tables and Lists from Memory92Define Key Terms92Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory92Chapter 5VLAN Trunks and EtherChannel Bundles94“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz94Foundation Topics96VLAN Trunking Protocol96VTP Communication97VTP Configuration98VTP Verification99Dynamic Trunking Protocol101

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xviCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideEtherChannel Bundle104Dynamic Link Aggregation Protocols106PAgP Port Modes106LACP Port Modes106EtherChannel Configuration107Verifying EtherChannel Status108Viewing EtherChannel Neighbors110LACP112PAgP113Verifying EtherChannel Packets113LACP113PAgP114Advanced LACP Configuration Options114LACP Fast115Minimum Number of EtherChannel Member Interfaces115Maximum Number of EtherChannel Member Interfaces116LACP System Priority117LACP Interface Priority118Troubleshooting EtherChannel Bundles118Load Balancing Traffic with EtherChannel Bundles119Exam Preparation Tasks121Review All Key Topics121Complete Tables and Lists from Memory121Define Key Terms121Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory121Part IIIRoutingChapter 6IP Routing Essentials124“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz124Foundation Topics126Routing Protocol Overview126Distance Vector Algorithms128Enhanced Distance Vector Algorithms129Link-State Algorithms130Path Vector Algorithm131Path Selection132

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Contents xviiPrefix Length133Administrative Distance133Metrics135Equal-Cost Multipathing135Unequal-Cost Load Balancing136Static Routing137Static Route Types138Directly Attached Static Routes138Recursive Static Routes139Fully Specified Static Routes141Floating Static Routing141Static Routes to Null Interfaces143IPv6 Static Routes145Policy-based Routing146Virtual Routing and Forwarding149Exam Preparation Tasks151Review All Key Topics152Complete Tables and Lists from Memory152Define Key Terms152Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory153Chapter 7EIGRP154“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz154Foundation Topics156EIGRP Fundamentals156Autonomous Systems157EIGRP Terminology157Topology Table159EIGRP Neighbors160Path Metric Calculation160Wide Metrics162Metric Backward Compatibility163Load Balancing163Failure Detection and Timers164Convergence164Route Summarization166

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xviiiCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideExam Preparation Tasks167Review All Key Topics167Complete Tables and Lists from Memory167Define Key Terms168References in This Chapter168Chapter 8OSPF170“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz170Foundation Topics172OSPF Fundamentals172Inter-Router Communication174OSPF Hello Packets175Router ID175Neighbors175Designated Router and Backup Designated Router176OSPF Configuration178OSPF Network Statement178Interface-Specific Configuration180Statically Setting the Router ID180Passive Interfaces181Requirements for Neighbor Adjacency181Sample Topology and Configuration181Confirmation of Interfaces184Verification of OSPF Neighbor Adjacencies185Verification of OSPF Routes186Default Route Advertisement187Common OSPF Optimizations188Link Costs189Failure Detection189Hello Timer190Dead Interval Timer190OSPF Timers190DR Placement190Designated Router Elections190DR and BDR Placement192OSPF Network Types194

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Contents xixBroadcast194Point-to-Point Networks195Loopback Networks196Exam Preparation Tasks198Review All Key Topics198Complete Tables and Lists from Memory199Define Key Terms199Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory199References in This Chapter200Chapter 9Advanced OSPF202“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz202Foundation Topics204Areas204Area ID207OSPF Route Types207Link-State Advertisements209LSA Sequences210LSA Age and Flooding210LSA Types210LSA Type 1: Router Link210LSA Type 2: Network Link213LSA Type 3: Summary Link213Discontiguous Networks217OSPF Path Selection218Intra-Area Routes218Inter-Area Routes219Equal-Cost Multipathing220Summarization of Routes220Summarization Fundamentals221Inter-Area Summarization222Summarization Metrics222Configuration of Inter-Area Summarization223Route Filtering224Filtering with Summarization225Area Filtering225

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xxCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideExam Preparation Tasks228Review All Key Topics228Complete Tables and Lists from Memory228Define Key Terms228Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory229References in This Chapter229Chapter 10OSPFv3230“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz230Foundation Topics231OSPFv3 Fundamentals231OSPFv3 Link-State Advertisement232OSPFv3 Communication232OSPFv3 Configuration233OSPFv3 Verification235Passive Interface237Summarization238Network Type239IPv4 Support in OSPFv3240Exam Preparation Tasks242Review All Key Topics242Complete Tables and Lists from Memory242Define Key Terms242Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory242References in This Chapter243Chapter 11BGP244“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz244Foundation Topics246BGP Fundamentals246Autonomous System Numbers246Path Attributes247Loop Prevention247Address Families248Inter-Router Communication248BGP Session Types249BGP Messages252

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Contents xxiBGP Neighbor States253Idle254Connect254Active254OpenSent254OpenConfirm255Established255Basic BGP Configuration255Verification of BGP Sessions257Route Advertisement260Receiving and Viewing Routes262BGP Route Advertisements from Indirect Sources265IPv4 Route Summarization268Aggregate Address269Atomic Aggregate274Route Aggregation with AS_SET276Multiprotocol BGP for IPv6278IPv6 Configuration279IPv6 Route Summarization284Exam Preparation Tasks285Review All Key Topics285Complete Tables and Lists from Memory286Define Key Terms286Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory286References in This Chapter287Chapter 12Advanced BGP288“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz288Foundation Topics290BGP Multihoming291Resiliency in Service Providers291Internet Transit Routing292Branch Transit Routing293Conditional Matching295Access Control Lists295Standard ACLs295

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xxiiCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideExtended ACLs296BGP Network Selection296Prefix Matching297Prefix Lists299IPv6 Prefix Lists299Regular Expressions (regex)300Route Maps301Conditional Matching302Multiple Conditional Match Conditions303Complex Matching304Optional Actions304The continue Keyword305BGP Route Filtering and Manipulation306Distribute List Filtering307Prefix List Filtering308AS_Path ACL Filtering309Route Maps311Clearing BGP Connections313BGP Communities313Well-Known Communities314Enabling BGP Community Support314Conditionally Matching BGP Communities315Setting Private BGP Communities317Understanding BGP Path Selection318Routing Path Selection Using Longest Match319BGP Best Path Overview320Weight321Local Preference322Locally Originated via Network or Aggregate Advertisement323Accumulated Interior Gateway Protocol Metric323Shortest AS Path324Origin Type325Multi-Exit Discriminator326eBGP over iBGP327Lowest IGP Metric327Prefer the Path from the Oldest eBGP Session328

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Contents xxiiiRouter ID328Minimum Cluster List Length329Lowest Neighbor Address329Exam Preparation Tasks329Review All Key Topics330Complete Tables and Lists from Memory330Define Key Terms330Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory331References in This Chapter332Chapter 13Multicast334“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz334Foundation Topics337Multicast Fundamentals337Multicast Addressing340Layer 2 Multicast Addresses342Internet Group Management Protocol343IGMPv2344IGMPv3346IGMP Snooping346Protocol Independent Multicast349PIM Distribution Trees349Source Trees349Shared Trees350PIM Terminology352PIM Dense Mode354PIM Sparse Mode357PIM Shared and Source Path Trees357Shared Tree Join358Source Registration358PIM SPT Switchover358Designated Routers359Reverse Path Forwarding360PIM Forwarder361Rendezvous Points363

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xxivCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideStatic RP364Auto-RP364Candidate RPs364RP Mapping Agents365PIM Bootstrap Router366Candidate RPs366Exam Preparation Tasks367Review All Key Topics367Complete Tables and Lists from Memory368Define Key Terms368References in This Chapter369Part IVServicesChapter 14Quality of Service (QoS)370“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz371Foundation Topics374The Need for QoS374Lack of Bandwidth374Latency and Jitter374Propagation Delay375Serialization Delay375Processing Delay376Delay Variation376Packet Loss376QoS Models377Modular QoS CLI379Classification and Marking381Classification381Layer 7 Classification382MQC Classification Configuration382Marking385Layer 2 Marking385Priority Code Point (PCP)386Layer 3 Marking386DSCP Per-Hop Behaviors387Class Selector (CS) PHB388Default Forwarding (DF) PHB388Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB388

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Contents xxvExpedited Forwarding (EF) PHB390Scavenger Class391Trust Boundary391Class-Based Marking Configuration392A Practical Example: Wireless QoS393Policing and Shaping394Placing Policers and Shapers in the Network395Markdown395Token Bucket Algorithms395Class-Based Policing Configuration398Types of Policers399Single-Rate Two-Color Markers/Policers399Single-Rate Three-Color Markers/Policers (srTCM)400Two-Rate Three-Color Markers/Policers (trTCM)403Congestion Management and Avoidance406Congestion Management406Congestion-Avoidance Tools408CBWFQ Configuration410Exam Preparation Tasks414Review All Key Topics414Complete Tables and Lists from Memory415Define Key Terms416Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory416References in This Chapter417Chapter 15IP Services418“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz418Foundation Topics420Time Synchronization420Network Time Protocol420NTP Configuration421Stratum Preference424NTP Peers424Precision Time Protocol (PTP)425PTP Configuration427First-Hop Redundancy Protocol429Object Tracking430

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xxviCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideHot Standby Router Protocol432Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol438VRRPv2 Configuration438VRRPv3 Configuration440Gateway Load Balancing Protocol441Network Address Translation446NAT Topology447Static NAT449Inside Static NAT449Outside Static NAT452Pooled NAT455Port Address Translation458Exam Preparation Tasks461Review All Key Topics461Complete Tables and Lists from Memory462Define Key Terms462Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory462Part VOverlayChapter 16Overlay Tunnels466“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz467Foundation Topics469Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnels469GRE Tunnel Configuration470GRE Configuration Example472Problems with Overlay Networks: Recursive Routing474IPsec Fundamentals475Authentication Header476Encapsulating Security Payload477Transform Sets478Internet Key Exchange480IKEv1480IKEv2482IPsec VPNs484Site-to-Site (LAN-to-LAN) IPsec VPNs486Cisco Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN)486

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ContentsxxviiCisco Group Encrypted Transport VPN (GET VPN)486Cisco FlexVPN486Remote VPN Access486Site-to-Site IPsec Configuration486Site-to-Site GRE over IPsec487Site-to-Site VTI over IPsec493Cisco Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)495LISP Architecture and Protocols497LISP Routing Architecture497LISP Control Plane497LISP Data Plane498LISP Operation499Map Registration and Notification499Map Request and Reply500LISP Data Path501Proxy ETR (PETR)502Proxy ITR (PITR)503Virtual Extensible Local Area Network (VXLAN)504Exam Preparation Tasks507Review All Key Topics507Complete Tables and Lists from Memory508Define Key Terms508Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory509Part VIWirelessChapter 17Wireless Signals and Modulation510“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz510Foundation Topics512Understanding Basic Wireless Theory512Understanding Frequency514Understanding Phase519Measuring Wavelength519Understanding RF Power and dB520Important dB Laws to Remember522Comparing Power Against a Reference: dBm524Measuring Power Changes Along the Signal Path525Free Space Path Loss527

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xxviiiCCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert GuideUnderstanding Power Levels at the Receiver530Carrying Data Over an RF Signal531Maintaining AP–Client Compatibility533Using Multiple Radios to Scale Performance535Spatial Multiplexing535Transmit Beamforming536Maximal-Ratio Combining538Maximizing the AP–Client Throughput538Exam Preparation Tasks540Review All Key Topics540Complete Tables and Lists from Memory540Define Key Terms541Chapter 18Wireless Infrastructure542“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz542Foundation Topics545Wireless Deployment Models545Autonomous Deployment545Cisco AP Operation547Cisco Wireless Deployments548Pairing Lightweight APs and WLCs552AP States552Discovering a WLC554Selecting a WLC555Maintaining WLC Availability556Segmenting Wireless Configurations557Leveraging Antennas for Wireless Coverage559Radiation Patterns560Gain562Beamwidth563Polarization563Omnidirectional Antennas564Directional Antennas567Exam Preparation Tasks570Review All Key Topics570Complete Tables and Lists from Memory571Define Key Terms571

CCNP and CCIE Enterprise Core ENCOR 350-401 Official Cert Guide (2023) - Page 31 preview image

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ContentsxxixChapter 19Understanding Wireless Roaming and Location Services572“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz572Foundation Topics574Roaming Overview574Roaming Between Autonomous APs574Intracontroller Roaming577Intercontroller Roaming579Layer 2 Roaming579Layer 3 Roaming581Scaling Mobility with Mobility Groups583Locating Devices in a Wireless Network584Exam Preparation Tasks587Review All Key Topics587Complete Tables and Lists from Memory588Define Key Terms588Chapter 20Authenticating Wireless Clients590“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz590Foundation Topics592Open Authentication593Authenticating with Pre-Shared Key595Authenticating with EAP597Configuring EAP-Based Authentication with External RADIUSServers600Verifying EAP-Based Authentication Configuration602Authenticating with WebAuth603Exam Preparation Tasks606Review All Key Topics606Complete Tables and Lists from Memory606Define Key Terms606Chapter 21Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity608“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz608Foundation Topics610Troubleshooting Client Connectivity from the WLC611Checking the Client’s Association and Signal Status613Checking the Client Properties614吀攀挀栀渀攀琀㈀㐀

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