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CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide (2023)

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    CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide Companion Website and Pearson Test Prep Access Code Access interactive study tools on this book’s companion website, including practice test software, review exercises, video training, Key Term flash card application, a study planner, and more! To access the companion website, simply follow these steps: 1. Go to ciscopress.com/register . 2. Enter the print book ISBN: 9780138217525. 3. Answer the security question to validate your purchase. 4. Go to your account page. 5. Click on the Registered Products tab. 6. Under the book listing, click on the Access Bonus Content link. When you register your book, your Pearson Test Prep practice test access code will automatically be populated with the book listing under the Registered Products tab. You will need this code to access the practice test that comes with this book. You can redeem the code at PearsonTestPrep.com . Simply choose Pearson IT Certification as your product group and log into the site with the same credentials you used to register your book. Click the Activate New Product button and enter the access code. More detailed instructions on how to redeem your access code for both the online and desktop versions can be found on the companion website. If you have any issues accessing the companion website or obtaining your Pearson Test Prep practice test access code, you can contact our support team by going to pearsonitp.echelp.org .

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    Cisco Press CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing Official Cert Guide, Second Edition RAYMOND LACOSTE BRAD EDGEWORTH , CCIE No. 31574 ENARSI 300-410

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    iv CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide, Second Edition Raymond Lacoste, Brad Edgeworth Copyright© 2024 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions Department, please visit www.pearson.com/permissions. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. $PrintCode Library of Congress Control Number: 2023911481 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-821752-5 ISBN-10: 0-13-821752-1 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about Implementing Cisco Enterprise Advanced Routing and Services (ENARSI 300-410). Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accu- rate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accom- pany it. The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc. Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropri- ately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Figure credit: Figure 7-1 Wireshark

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    v Special Sales For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department at corpsales@pearsoned.com or (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact governmentsales@pearsoned.com. For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contact international@pearsoned.com. Feedback Information At Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each book is crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community. Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any comments regarding how we could improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through email at feedback@ciscopress.com. Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message. We greatly appreciate your assistance. Vice President, IT Professional: Mark Taub Technical Editor: Hector Mendoza, Jr Alliances Manager, Cisco Press: Jaci Featherly; James Risler Editorial Assistant: Cindy Teeters Director, ITP Product Management: Brett Bartow Designer: Chuti Prasertsith Managing Editor: Sandra Schroeder Composition: Codemantra Development Editor: Ellie C. Bru Indexer: Erika Millen Senior Project Editor: Mandie Frank Proofreader: Barbara Mack Copy Editor: Kitty Wilson Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. San Jose, CA Asia Pacific Headquarters Cisco Systems (USA) Pte. Ltd. Singapore Europe Headquarters Cisco Systems International BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Website at www.cisco.com/go/offices. Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R) Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R) Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. San Jose, CA Asia Pacific Headquarters Cisco Systems (USA) Pte. Ltd. Singapore Europe Headquarters Cisco Systems International BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Cisco has more than 200 offices worldwide. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco Website at www.cisco.com/go/offices.

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    Pearson’s Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pearson is dedicated to creating bias-free content that reflects the diversity of all learners. We embrace the many dimensions of diversity, including but not limited to race, ethnic- ity, gender, socioeconomic status, ability, age, sexual orientation, and religious or political beliefs. Education is a powerful force for equity and change in our world. It has the potential to deliver opportunities that improve lives and enable economic mobility. As we work with authors to create content for every product and service, we acknowledge our responsibil- ity to demonstrate inclusivity and incorporate diverse scholarship so that everyone can achieve their potential through learning. As the world’s leading learning company, we have a duty to help drive change and live up to our purpose to help more people create a better life for themselves and to create a better world. Our ambition is to purposefully contribute to a world where ■ Everyone has an equitable and lifelong opportunity to succeed through learning ■ Our educational products and services are inclusive and represent the rich diversity of learners ■ Our educational content accurately reflects the histories and experiences of the learners we serve ■ Our educational content prompts deeper discussions with learners and motivates them to expand their own learning (and worldview) While we work hard to present unbiased content, we want to hear from you about any concerns or needs with this Pearson product so that we can investigate and address them. Please contact us with concerns about any potential bias at https://www.pearson.com/ report-bias.html.

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    vii About the Authors Raymond Lacoste has dedicated his career to developing the skills of those interested in IT. In 2001, he began to mentor hundreds of IT professionals pursuing their Cisco certification dreams. This role led to teaching Cisco courses full time. Raymond is currently a master instructor for Cisco Enterprise Routing and Switching, AWS, ITIL, and CyberSecurity at StormWind Studios. Raymond treats all technologies as an escape room, working to uncover every mystery in the protocols he works with. Along this journey, Raymond has passed more than 120 exams, and his office wall includes certificates from Microsoft, Cisco, ISC2, ITIL, AWS, and CompTIA. If you were visualizing Raymond’s office, you’d probably expect the usual network equipment, certifications, and awards. Those certainly take up space, but they aren’t his pride and joy. Most impressive, at least to Raymond, is his gemstone and mineral collection; once he starts talking about it, he just can’t stop. Who doesn’t get excited by a wondrous barite specimen in a pyrite matrix? Raymond presently resides with his wife and two children in eastern Canada, where they experience many adventures together. Brad Edgeworth , CCIE No. 31574 (R&S and SP), is an SD-WAN technical solutions architect at Cisco Systems. Brad is a distinguished speaker at Cisco Live, where he has presented on various topics. Before joining Cisco, Brad worked as a network architect and consultant for various Fortune 500 companies. Brad’s expertise is based on enterprise and service provider environments, with an emphasis on architectural and operational simplicity. Brad holds a bachelor of arts degree in computer systems management from St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas. Brad can be found on Twitter as @BradEdgeworth.

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    viii CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide About the Technical Reviewer Hector Mendoza, Jr. , CCIE No. 10687 (R&S, SP, and Security), has spent the past 14 years at Cisco Systems and is currently a solutions integration architect supporting large SP customers. Prior to this proactive role in CX, he spent nearly a decade providing reactive support in High Touch Technical Services in the Security Group, where he provided escalation support for some of the largest customers for Cisco. A four-time Cisco Live speaker and an Alpha reviewer of Cisco Security courseware, Hector is a huge advocate of continuing education and knowledge sharing. Hector has a passion for technology, enjoys solving complex problems, and loves working with customers. In his spare time, he tech reviews his esteemed colleagues’ Cisco Press books.

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    ix Dedications Raymond Lacoste: This book (just like the first edition) is dedicated to my wife, Melanie, who has dedicated her life to making me a better person, which is the hardest job in the world. Thank you, Melanie, for being the most amazing wife and mother in the world. Brad Edgeworth: This book is dedicated to my daughter, Teagan. Hopefully you’ll want to learn what is written inside of this text. Until then, enjoy your youth.

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    x CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide Acknowledgments Raymond Lacoste: As with the first edition of this book, a huge thank you goes out to Brad for joining me on this writing adventure. Putting our knowledge together to create this work of art was the best decision. Thank you so much for sharing this with me. Thank you to my wife and children, for allowing me to avoid many family adventures while this book was being developed and supporting me though the entire process. Love you guys! Finally, thank you to the entire team at Cisco Press, as well as their families and friends, who work extremely hard to produce high-quality training material. Brad Edgeworth: To Raymond and Brett, thanks for letting me write this book. I am privileged to be able to share my knowledge with others, and I’m grateful. To the rest of the Cisco Press team, thanks for taking my block of stone and turning it into a work of art. To the technical editor: Hector, thank you for the time and expertise. Many people within Cisco have shared their knowledge with me and taken a chance on me with various projects over the years. For that I’m forever indebted.

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    xi Contents at a Glance Introduction xxxv Chapter 1 IPv4/IPv6 Addressing and Routing Review 2 Chapter 2 EIGRP 72 Chapter 3 Advanced EIGRP 106 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting EIGRP for IPv4 138 Chapter 5 EIGRPv6 188 Chapter 6 OSPF 222 Chapter 7 Advanced OSPF 260 Chapter 8 Troubleshooting OSPFv2 314 Chapter 9 OSPFv3 370 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting OSPFv3 392 Chapter 11 BGP 426 Chapter 12 Advanced BGP 480 Chapter 13 BGP Path Selection 524 Chapter 14 Troubleshooting BGP 556 Chapter 15 Route Maps and Conditional Forwarding 620 Chapter 16 Route Redistribution 648 Chapter 17 Troubleshooting Redistribution 674 Chapter 18 VRF, MPLS, and MPLS Layer 3 VPNs 724 Chapter 19 DMVPN Tunnels 766 Chapter 20 Securing DMVPN Tunnels 820 Chapter 21 Troubleshooting ACLs and Prefix Lists 842 Chapter 22 Infrastructure Security 866 Chapter 23 Device Management and Management Tools Troubleshooting 890 Chapter 24 Final Preparation 944

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    xii CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide Chapter 25 ENARSI 300-410 Exam Updates 954 Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Questions 958 Glossary 972 Index 990 Online Elements Appendix B Command Reference Exercises Appendix C Command Reference Exercises Answer Key Appendix D Study Planner

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    xiii Contents Introduction xxxv Chapter 1 IPv4/IPv6 Addressing and Routing Review 2 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 3 Foundation Topics 7 IPv4 Addressing 7 IPv4 Addressing Issues 7 Determining IP Addresses Within a Subnet 10 DHCP for IPv4 11 Reviewing DHCP Operations 11 Potential DHCP Troubleshooting Issues 16 DHCP Troubleshooting Commands 17 IPv6 Addressing 19 IPv6 Addressing Review 19 EUI-64 20 IPv6 SLAAC, Stateful DHCPv6, and Stateless DHCPv6 22 SLAAC 22 Stateful DHCPv6 27 Stateless DHCPv6 28 DHCPv6 Operation 29 DHCPv6 Relay Agents 30 Packet-Forwarding Process 31 Reviewing the Layer 3 Packet-Forwarding Process 31 Troubleshooting the Packet-Forwarding Process 35 Administrative Distance 38 Data Structures and the Routing Table 39 Sources of Routing Information 39 Static Routes 41 IPv4 Static Routes 42 IPv6 Static Routes 46 Trouble Tickets 48 IPv4 Addressing and Addressing Technologies Trouble Tickets 48 Trouble Ticket 1-1 48 Trouble Ticket 1-2 50

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    xiv CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide IPv6 Addressing Trouble Tickets 53 Trouble Ticket 1-3 54 Trouble Ticket 1-4 57 Static Routing Trouble Tickets 61 Trouble Ticket 1-5 61 Trouble Ticket 1-6 64 Exam Preparation Tasks 66 Review All Key Topics 66 Define Key Terms 68 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 68 Chapter 2 EIGRP 72 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 72 Foundation Topics 74 EIGRP Fundamentals 74 Autonomous Systems 75 EIGRP Terminology 75 Topology Table 76 EIGRP Neighbors 77 Inter-Router Communication 78 Forming EIGRP Neighbors 79 EIGRP Configuration Modes 80 Classic Configuration Mode 80 EIGRP Named Mode 80 EIGRP Network Statement 81 Sample Topology and Configuration 83 Confirming Interfaces 84 Verifying EIGRP Neighbor Adjacencies 85 Displaying Installed EIGRP Routes 86 Router ID 87 Passive Interfaces 88 Authentication 91 Keychain Configuration 92 Enabling Authentication on the Interface 92 Path Metric Calculation 94 Wide Metrics 96 Metric Backward Compatibility 98

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    Contents xv Interface Delay Settings 99 Custom K Values 100 Load Balancing 100 References in This Chapter 102 Exam Preparation Tasks 102 Review All Key Topics 103 Define Key Terms 103 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 103 Chapter 3 Advanced EIGRP 106 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 106 Foundation Topics 108 Failure Detection and Timers 108 Convergence 109 Stuck in Active 112 Route Summarization 114 Interface-Specific Summarization 114 Summary Discard Routes 116 Summarization Metrics 117 Automatic Summarization 118 WAN Considerations 119 EIGRP Stub Router 119 Stub Site Functions 121 IP Bandwidth Percentage 125 Split Horizon 126 Route Manipulation 129 Route Filtering 129 Traffic Steering with EIGRP Offset Lists 132 References in This Chapter 135 Exam Preparation Tasks 135 Review All Key Topics 135 Define Key Terms 136 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 136 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting EIGRP for IPv4 138 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 138 Foundation Topics 141 Troubleshooting EIGRP for IPv4 Neighbor Adjacencies 141

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    xvi CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide Interface Is Down 142 Mismatched Autonomous System Numbers 142 Incorrect Network Statement 144 Mismatched K Values 145 Passive Interface 146 Different Subnets 148 Authentication 148 ACLs 150 Timers 151 Troubleshooting EIGRP for IPv4 Routes 151 Bad or Missing network Command 152 Better Source of Information 154 Route Filtering 157 Stub Configuration 158 Interface Is Shut Down 160 Split Horizon 161 Troubleshooting Miscellaneous EIGRP for IPv4 Issues 162 Feasible Successors 162 Discontiguous Networks and Autosummarization 165 Route Summarization 167 Load Balancing 168 EIGRP for IPv4 Trouble Tickets 169 Trouble Ticket 4-1 169 Trouble Ticket 4-2 177 Trouble Ticket 4-3 180 Exam Preparation Tasks 184 Review All Key Topics 184 Define Key Terms 185 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 185 Chapter 5 EIGRPv6 188 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 188 Foundation Topics 191 EIGRPv6 Fundamentals 191 EIGRPv6 Inter-Router Communication 191 EIGRPv6 Configuration 191 EIGRPv6 Classic Mode Configuration 191

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    Contents xvii EIGRPv6 Named Mode Configuration 192 EIGRPv6 Verification 193 IPv6 Route Summarization 195 Default Route Advertising 196 Route Filtering 197 Troubleshooting EIGRPv6 Neighbor Issues 197 Interface Is Down 198 Mismatched Autonomous System Numbers 198 Mismatched K Values 198 Passive Interfaces 198 Mismatched Authentication 199 Timers 200 Interface Not Participating in Routing Process 200 ACLs 201 Troubleshooting EIGRPv6 Routes 201 Interface Not Participating in the Routing Process 201 Better Source of Information 201 Route Filtering 201 Stub Configuration 202 Split Horizon 203 Troubleshooting Named EIGRP 204 EIGRPv6 and Named EIGRP Trouble Tickets 209 Trouble Ticket 5-1 209 Trouble Ticket 5-2 213 Exam Preparation Tasks 218 Review All Key Topics 218 Define Key Terms 219 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 219 Chapter 6 OSPF 222 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 222 Foundation Topics 225 OSPF Fundamentals 225 Areas 226 Inter-Router Communication 228 Router ID 229 OSPF Hello Packets 229

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    xviii CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide Neighbors 230 Requirements for Neighbor Adjacency 230 OSPF Configuration 232 OSPF Network Statement 232 Interface-Specific Configuration 233 Passive Interfaces 233 Sample Topology and Configuration 233 Confirmation of Interfaces 235 Verification of OSPF Neighbor Adjacencies 237 Viewing OSPF Installed Routes 238 External OSPF Routes 240 Default Route Advertisement 241 The Designated Router and Backup Designated Router 242 Designated Router Elections 244 DR and BDR Placement 245 OSPF Network Types 246 Broadcast 247 Nonbroadcast 247 Point-to-Point Networks 248 Point-to-Multipoint Networks 249 Loopback Networks 253 Failure Detection 254 Hello Timer 255 Dead Interval Timer 255 Verifying OSPF Timers 255 Authentication 255 References in This Chapter 257 Exam Preparation Tasks 258 Review All Key Topics 258 Define Key Terms 258 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 258 Chapter 7 Advanced OSPF 260 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 260 Foundation Topics 262 Link-State Advertisements 262 LSA Sequences 264

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    Contents xix LSA Age and Flooding 264 LSA Types 264 LSA Type 1: Router Link 264 LSA Type 2: Network Link 269 LSA Type 3: Summary Link 271 LSA Type 5: External Routes 277 LSA Type 4: ASBR Summary 279 LSA Type 7: NSSA External Summary 281 LSA Type Summary 283 OSPF Stubby Areas 284 Stub Areas 284 Totally Stubby Areas 287 Not-So-Stubby Areas 289 Totally NSSAs 292 OSPF Path Selection 294 Link Costs 295 Intra-area Routes 295 Inter-area Routes 296 External Route Selection 297 E1 and N1 External Routes 297 E2 and N2 External Routes 297 Equal-Cost Multipathing 298 Summarization of Routes 298 Summarization Fundamentals 299 Inter-area Summarization 301 Configuration of Inter-area Summarization 301 External Summarization 303 Discontiguous Network 305 Virtual Links 307 References in This Chapter 310 Exam Preparation Tasks 310 Review All Key Topics 310 Define Key Terms 311 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 311 Chapter 8 Troubleshooting OSPFv2 314 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 314 Foundation Topics 317

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    xx CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide Troubleshooting OSPFv2 Neighbor Adjacencies 317 Interface Is Down 319 Interface Not Running the OSPF Process 319 Mismatched Timers 321 Mismatched Area Numbers 322 Mismatched Area Type 323 Different Subnets 324 Passive Interface 325 Mismatched Authentication Information 326 ACLs 327 MTU Mismatch 328 Duplicate Router IDs 330 Mismatched Network Types 330 Troubleshooting OSPFv2 Routes 332 Interface Not Running the OSPF Process 333 Better Source of Information 334 Route Filtering 337 Stub Area Configuration 339 Interface Is Shut Down 341 Wrong Designated Router Elected 341 Duplicate Router IDs 344 Troubleshooting Miscellaneous OSPFv2 Issues 346 Tracking OSPF Advertisements Through a Network 346 Route Summarization 348 Discontiguous Areas 350 Load Balancing 352 Default Route 353 OSPFv2 Trouble Tickets 353 Trouble Ticket 8-1 353 Trouble Ticket 8-2 361 Trouble Ticket 8-3 364 Exam Preparation Tasks 366 Review All Key Topics 366 Define Key Terms 367 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 367

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    Contents xxi Chapter 9 OSPFv3 370 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 370 Foundation Topics 371 OSPFv3 Fundamentals 371 OSPFv3 Link-State Advertisement 372 OSPFv3 Communication 373 OSPFv3 Configuration 374 OSPFv3 Verification 377 The Passive Interface 378 IPv6 Route Summarization 379 Network Type 380 OSPFv3 Authentication 381 OSPFv3 Link-Local Forwarding 383 OSPFv3 LSA Flooding Scope 384 References in This Chapter 390 Exam Preparation Tasks 390 Review All Key Topics 390 Define Key Terms 391 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 391 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting OSPFv3 392 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 392 Foundation Topics 394 Troubleshooting OSPFv3 for IPv6 394 OSPFv3 Troubleshooting Commands 395 OSPFv3 Trouble Tickets 401 Trouble Ticket 10-1 401 Trouble Ticket 10-2 404 Troubleshooting OSPFv3 Address Families 408 OSPFv3 AF Trouble Ticket 418 Trouble Ticket 10-3 419 Exam Preparation Tasks 423 Review All Key Topics 423 Define Key Terms 424 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 424 Chapter 11 BGP 426 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 426 Foundation Topics 428

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    xxii CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide BGP Fundamentals 428 Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) 428 BGP Sessions 429 Path Attributes 429 Loop Prevention 430 Address Families 430 Inter-Router Communication 430 BGP Messages 431 BGP Neighbor States 432 Basic BGP Configuration 435 Verification of BGP Sessions 437 Route Advertisement 440 Receiving and Viewing Routes 443 Understanding BGP Session Types and Behaviors 448 iBGP 448 iBGP Full Mesh Requirement 450 Peering Using Loopback Addresses 451 eBGP 453 eBGP and iBGP Topologies 454 Next-Hop Manipulation 456 iBGP Scalability Enhancements 457 Route Reflectors 457 Confederations 462 Multiprotocol BGP for IPv6 465 IPv6 Configuration 466 IPv6 over IPv4 471 References in This Chapter 475 Exam Preparation Tasks 476 Review All Key Topics 476 Define Key Terms 477 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 477 Chapter 12 Advanced BGP 480 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 480 Foundation Topics 482 Route Summarization 482 Aggregate Addresses 482 The Atomic Aggregate Attribute 488

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    Contents xxiii Route Aggregation with AS_SET 489 IPv6 Summarization 492 BGP Route Filtering and Manipulation 493 Distribute List Filtering 495 Prefix List Filtering 496 AS_Path Filtering 497 Regular Expressions (Regex) 497 AS_Path ACLs 503 Route Maps 505 Clearing BGP Connections 507 BGP Communities 507 Enabling BGP Community Support 508 Well-Known Communities 508 The No_Advertise BGP Community 509 The No_Export BGP Community 510 The Local AS (No_Export_SubConfed) BGP Community 511 Conditionally Matching BGP Communities 512 Setting Private BGP Communities 514 Maximum Prefix 516 Configuration Scalability 517 IOS XE Peer Groups 517 IOS XE Peer Templates 518 References in This Chapter 519 Exam Preparation Tasks 520 Review All Key Topics 520 Define Key Terms 520 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 521 Chapter 13 BGP Path Selection 524 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 524 Foundation Topics 526 Understanding BGP Path Selection 526 BGP Best Path 527 Weight 528 Local Preference 532 Phase I: Initial BGP Edge Route Processing 535 Phase II: BGP Edge Evaluation of Multiple Paths 536 Phase III: Final BGP Processing State 538

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    xxiv CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide Locally Originated in the Network or Aggregate Advertisement 538 Accumulated Interior Gateway Protocol (AIGP) 539 Shortest AS_Path 540 Origin Type 542 Multi-Exit Discriminator 545 Missing MED Behavior 548 Always Compare MED 549 BGP Deterministic MED 549 eBGP over iBGP 550 Lowest IGP Metric 551 Prefer the Oldest EBGP Session 551 Router ID 551 Minimum Cluster List Length 552 Lowest Neighbor Address 552 BGP Multipath 553 Exam Preparation Tasks 554 Review All Key Topics 554 Define Key Terms 554 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 554 Chapter 14 Troubleshooting BGP 556 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 557 Foundation Topics 559 Troubleshooting BGP Neighbor Adjacencies 559 Interface Is Down 561 Layer 3 Connectivity Is Broken 561 Path to the Neighbor Is Through the Default Route 562 Neighbor Does Not Have a Route to the Local Router 563 Incorrect neighbor Statement 564 BGP Packets Sourced from the Wrong IP Address 564 ACLs 566 The TTL of the BGP Packet Expires 568 Mismatched Authentication 570 Misconfigured Peer Groups 570 Timers 572 Troubleshooting BGP Routes 573

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    Contents xxv Missing or Bad network mask Command 575 Next-Hop Router Not Reachable 577 BGP Split-Horizon Rule 579 Better Source of Information 580 Route Filtering 582 Troubleshooting BGP Path Selection 588 Understanding the Best-Path Decision-Making Process 588 Private Autonomous System Numbers 591 Using debug Commands 592 Troubleshooting BGP for IPv6 593 BGP Trouble Tickets 598 Trouble Ticket 14-1 598 Trouble Ticket 14-2 604 Trouble Ticket 14-3 610 MP-BGP Trouble Ticket 614 Trouble Ticket 14-4 615 Exam Preparation Tasks 617 Review All Key Topics 617 Define Key Terms 618 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 618 Chapter 15 Route Maps and Conditional Forwarding 620 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 620 Foundation Topics 622 Conditional Matching 622 Access Control Lists (ACLs) 622 Standard ACLs 622 Extended ACLs 623 Prefix Matching 624 Prefix Lists 626 IPv6 Prefix Lists 627 Route Maps 627 Conditional Matching 629 Complex Matching 630 Optional Actions 631 Continue 631 Conditional Forwarding of Packets 632

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    xxvi CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide PBR Configuration 633 Local PBR 635 Trouble Tickets 637 Trouble Ticket 15-1 638 Trouble Ticket 15-2 641 Trouble Ticket 15-3 643 Exam Preparation Tasks 645 Review All Key Topics 646 Define Key Terms 646 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 646 Chapter 16 Route Redistribution 648 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 648 Foundation Topics 650 Redistribution Overview 650 Redistribution Is Not Transitive 651 Sequential Protocol Redistribution 653 Routes Must Exist in the RIB 653 Seed Metrics 655 Protocol-Specific Configuration 656 Source-Specific Behaviors 657 Connected Networks 657 BGP 657 Destination-Specific Behaviors 658 EIGRP 658 EIGRP-to-EIGRP Redistribution 661 OSPF 663 OSPF-to-OSPF Redistribution 666 OSPF Forwarding Address 667 BGP 670 Reference in This Chapter 672 Exam Preparation Tasks 672 Review All Key Topics 672 Define Key Terms 673 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 673

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    Contents xxvii Chapter 17 Troubleshooting Redistribution 674 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 674 Foundation Topics 677 Troubleshooting Advanced Redistribution Issues 677 Troubleshooting Suboptimal Routing Caused by Redistribution 678 Troubleshooting Routing Loops Caused by Redistribution 679 Troubleshooting IPv4 and IPv6 Redistribution 687 Route Redistribution Review 687 Troubleshooting Redistribution into EIGRP 689 Troubleshooting Redistribution into OSPF 694 Troubleshooting Redistribution into BGP 699 Troubleshooting Redistribution with Route Maps 702 Redistribution Trouble Tickets 702 Trouble Ticket 17-1 703 Trouble Ticket 17-2 708 Trouble Ticket 17-3 711 Trouble Ticket 17-4 717 Exam Preparation Tasks 721 Review All Key Topics 722 Define Key Terms 722 Command Reference to Check Your Memory 723 Chapter 18 VRF, MPLS, and MPLS Layer 3 VPNs 724 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 724 Foundation Topics 727 Implementing and Verifying VRF-Lite 727 VRF-Lite Overview 728 Creating and Verifying VRF Instances 728 An Introduction to MPLS Operations 747 MPLS LIB and LFIB 748 Label Switching Routers 748 Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) 749 Label-Switched Path 749 Labels 750 Label Distribution Protocol 751 Label Switching 752

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    xxviii CCNP Enterprise Advanced Routing ENARSI 300-410 Official Cert Guide Penultimate-Hop Popping 753 MPLS LDP Features 754 MPLS Traffic Engineering 755 An Introduction to MPLS Layer 3 VPNs 755 MPLS Layer 3 VPNs 756 MPLS Layer 3 VPNv4 Addresses, RDs, and RTs 757 MPLS Layer 3 VPN Label Stack 759 Reference in This Chapter 762 Exam Preparation Tasks 762 Review All Key Topics 762 Define Key Terms 763 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 763 Chapter 19 DMVPN Tunnels 766 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 766 Foundation Topics 769 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnels 769 GRE Tunnel Configuration 769 GRE Sample Configuration 771 Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) 774 Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) 776 Phase 1: Spoke-to-Hub 777 Phase 2: Spoke-to-Spoke 777 Phase 3: Hierarchical Tree Spoke-to-Spoke 777 DMVPN Phase Comparison 777 DMVPN Configuration 779 DMVPN Hub Configuration 780 DMVPN Spoke Configuration for DMVPN Phase 1 (Point-to-Point) 782 Viewing DMVPN Tunnel Status 784 Viewing the NHRP Cache 787 DMVPN Configuration for Phase 3 DMVPN (Multipoint) 792 IP NHRP Authentication 794 Unique IP NHRP Registration 794 Spoke-to-Spoke Communication 795 Forming Spoke-to-Spoke Tunnels 796 NHRP Routing Table Manipulation 800 NHRP Routing Table Manipulation with Summarization 802

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    Contents xxix Problems with Overlay Networks 806 Recursive Routing Problems 806 Outbound Interface Selection 808 Front Door Virtual Routing and Forwarding (FVRF) 808 Configuring Front Door VRF (FVRF) 809 FVRF Static Routes 810 DMVPN Failure Detection and High Availability 810 DMVPN Hub Redundancy 811 IPv6 DMVPN Configuration 811 IPv6-over-IPv6 Sample Configuration 813 IPv6 DMVPN Verification 816 References in This Chapter 817 Exam Preparation Tasks 817 Review All Key Topics 817 Define Key Terms 818 Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 818 Chapter 20 Securing DMVPN Tunnels 820 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 820 Foundation Topics 821 Elements of Secure Transport 821 IPsec Fundamentals 823 Security Protocols 824 Authentication Header 824 Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) 824 Key Management 825 Security Associations 825 ESP Modes 825 DMVPN Without IPsec 826 DMVPN with IPsec in Transport Mode 826 DMVPN with IPsec in Tunnel Mode 827 IPsec Tunnel Protection 827 Pre-Shared Key Authentication 827 IKEv2 Keyring 828 IKEv2 Profile 829 IPsec Transform Set 831 IPsec Profile 832 Encrypting the Tunnel Interface 833

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