Week 8 Lecture Notes

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Lecture NotesIntroduction to Narrow Ultra Vires'Lthra v -as is when a d e d » o n - m a k a r T i t a sa aecsicn -dietibeyond h a w k e yare al ewedtc exercise their power.DefinitionsJurisdiction■power to docideU ltrs Vires■beyond power*The exercise of executive power may involve:>anadministrative decision,>an administrates action, or>a tegislative acton (delegated legislaton’)> can only be renewed through common law■There s no a rc jn-sta nces ware a c sc sicn-rr akar has uftirr ate p o w e r .■The scope as to where e decision- T a k e r ' s power beg ns and ends will always be equestion ofa■..•Ali administrative powers arelimited.*The courts use the ultra vires grounds of review toidentity and enforce limits an power.-Question of lawPower

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*An adminisiralive decision or action ttial is beyond apower's limit is ...> ultra vires, and ...> an error of law, and ...>trivahd.*Traditionary, ultra vires has been the principal waythatthecommonlawhaswoitedtokeeptheexecutive accountable.*Theproceduresthat mustbefollowed before thepower can be exercised.*Thesubject matterover which power is granted.*The actionsthatpoweris granted to perform.Ultra Vires and Statirtory InterpretationClassic Prosurnptionsnl Statutory Interpretation•Courts ShiuJd flrve ar. nilfip’irtllkjr Ifial gives tiled M |l:e u'dedynypurpose of the staluto over nirfafprelataii that wflctd tend to deical1hat purpose Thepurposiveapproach isP»prefenw! and odhockwappnjaci k> statutory interpxlatKzi: Acte !'ir&7XEiaHorTfid?90f (Cth)s15AA (+■s15AE]; ActsInIsrpefaliorr Act f9K (CH) sUA [+ sUB;■Remedystatutes nr siaintes designed in conferabeneft. sfrruXdbeiiteiy construed■lecslalknshould nolbeinte'p'tfad asderigra'irglongStandngcornrrwn law rights and freedoms wifoutbear words (eg.'Jraedornof contract, property rgils, piracy and trespass;■letrda&cri shoiAd n« Irrpose retwpectiv* obligation* unless mereare clear words■Expresspowersendixta addiboral mplied powers>lesJaben dcesn t regtriti access ro Cajrts wthcul veryc'.earwords(and even LnenCourts read sucft reslncticns very nsrroty)

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>PurposiveInterpreiHtionWaters if pL'Wrc Transport CCVT1711SLIL11? (1991} 103 ALR 513>DidtheVide- anSqual Opportunities Board possess lhepowertoinvestigate acomplaint againstadecisiontoreplacetramconductorswithticketvenS'ngmachinesunderan express powerto investigate ‘discrimination onthe ground of disability?> T h eprinciple that reqtires that the partcular provisions ofthe Act must be need in the light dthe sWtutcry ob.eels isolparticular significance inthe casedlegislatewhichprotects orentreeshumanrights:(perMasonCJandCaudron J at 520).Common law principles and Individual rights•Awell-asteblislwdcommontawprmopteotstatutoryIrrterpfetatonisthepresumptionthatlegisaluresdonotintend10enowerctecteton-maimtoaverselyimpactindividualngfiliunlessthereisaclearintentiontothecontrary.*firopto v Western Ausfrafia (1990} 171 CLR1: Crown wasbourxJ 10 comply wthstatutory protections ofan Aboriginalhentaga site. The HC said>11is'...improbable thatthelegislature wouldoverthrowfundamentalprinoptes, infringeghtsor dec-art from thegeneral system of law. without expressing its intention wlhirresistible clearness.' (at 17-10)*Cocc v R (1994) 120 ALR 415: the H 01 Court herd tiat a genarailh-w d MacttinisWlw power to auifonse police to irstai a HsHnqjdevice to collect evdence did not rictode a power authoreing secralentry to the house m oner lo Instar fie deviceHowever, the prolection of common lew nghtican often conflictwllti Mhanetaig ItM objects of legislation with e remedial purpose.■Arthwy Lagcai SialnoPtyLtfv Mawcs(197B) 74 ALR 77>The painttffS sough* Io overturn an cmer of the Carrrnlsaonerattowng the Northern Land Ccuncl to acctss crown tend subjecito a land rights claim The pianirffs pastoral ease surrounded thetendsubject to Hie dam.> FC held the order was ultra vires (2 1) and split war whether thelegislatorneededtospecifyapower‘wennesisfiNerteamess'.> As t apo«cr had nd t«r.ini nJ d enrty in th* erjsn-nfd ornr r ofr*i Cciii'i'ifiHorrH' was lAS 6'ul.

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Judicial deference to executive power*VanoL® factors influence the degras of de’eraocedat (hecourtsgrant10an agency:> Statutory termse g. w th unstructured powers' the courtsare tew likely to scrutinise the agency ico dosely becausethe subject matier may be tco controversial or 'po ifcal>Thenature ofthe agency's role: Courts wll defer Io anagency's technical expertise, particularly in relation to (non-jjritocliwal) fact’li-iding (geelectureM j>Th# effect onthe applicant'sinterests, a court is likely iomore closely scretinisfranadministraiM deo&nn which has aserious and erect affect on the legrtmate inwests of theappfcantProcedural Ultra Vires■The most basic form of ultra vires is proceduralultra vires,■Afailure to oorripiy with statutory procedures willconstitute grounds for judicial review under both:> A D J R Ass 5(1}(b) & 6(1)(b)> J R A s s 20(2)(b) &21{2)(b)•Pp,zzaa .ra: uhra vires requires us to »en:ify"thesto'ps'tha: have to be fa;zv.sa by adeclaton-nnaltor :n craarfora power to exist■The decision- v aker f as to follow :b ose stops in order to valirz y axcrcis: :hat power.■If :hszez sion-mansr■zoss-' : faz w t h a stops praparty :hs n :hsy -..or t os acting with "ftopowsr thay■-s baan granite ano their decision will ba ultra . ' i t s .

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