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U.S. History I - Slavery and the South

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Study GuideU.S. History I–Slavery and the South1.Slave Society and CultureLife for enslaved people in the Southvaried depending on the size of the plantation, the workassigned, and the master's attitude.•Household slaves, blacksmiths, carpenters, and driverswere generally better off thanfield hands.•Ultimately, theowner controlled all aspects of a slave’s life, including punishment andprivileges.1.1Labor and Daily Life•Field work:oHarvest: up to 16 hours/dayoWinter: 10+ hours/dayoWorkweek: 6 days, with a half-day on Saturday•Work organization:oGang system:groups of ~25 under a driver and overseeroTask system:assigned specific daily jobs•Discipline:oWhippings, extra work, or reduced food rationsoGood work could earn extra food, visits to other plantations, or small gardensClothing and food:•Men: clothes twice a year, shoes once a year•Women: cloth to make dresses and children’s clothing•Food: cornmeal, salt pork or bacon, molasses; sometimes supplemented with fish, game, orvegetables•Housing: one-or two-room dirt-floored cabins; multiple families often shared one cabin•Health: poor diet, hard labor, and lack of medical care contributed tohigh infant mortality(20%) and shorter life expectancy

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Study Guide1.2Slave Families•Marriage:oNo legal standing, but often accepted by planters to reduce escape riskoCould involve “jumping the broom,” a simple agreement, or a formal ceremonyoFamily separations were common; women faced sexual abuse•Roles:oHusband: provider—fishing, hunting, firewood, cabin maintenanceoWife: child care, cooking, sewing, other domestic choresoExtended family (aunts, uncles, grandparents) helped provide support•Challenges:Despite constant threats to family stability, slaves worked to maintain strongfamily and community ties1.3Religion and Culture•Plantersencouraged religionto control slaves, focusing on obedience and morality•Slaves created their own religious practices:oBlendedevangelical ChristianityandWest African traditionsoSecret meetings emphasizedfreedom from bondageoBiblical stories ofMoses and the Israelitesresonated with the hope for deliverance•Music:o“Negro spirituals” expressed sorrow, family separation, hard labor, and hope forfreedomoWhites often misinterpreted singing as contentment, ignoring the deeper meaning
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Document Details

University
Texas A&M University
Course
U.S. History I
Subject
History

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