Geosystems: An Introduction To Physical Geography, 10th Edition Test Bank

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1Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 10e(Christopherson)Chapter 1Essentials of Geography1) ________ is the practice of using public participation for scientific data collection andmonitoring.A) Citizen scienceB) Public engagementC) Amateur analysisD) Participatory observationsE) MicronettingAnswer: ADiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.2) The term "geography" (geo graphein) literally meansA) place names.B) the study of rocks.C) map making.D) to write (about) Earth.E) spatial reasoning and cognition.Answer: DDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.3) The main methodology governing geographic inquiryA) is behavioral analysis.B) involves spatial analysis.C) uses chronological organization.D) is field work based.E) utilizes ecological concepts.Answer: BDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.

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24) The word "spatial" refers toA) the nature and character of physical space and the distribution of things within it.B) the organization of human societies in relationship to the physical environment.C) the point at which a system can no longer maintain its character and lurches into a newoperational level.D) the chronological organization of Earth's major geological events.E) system operations, such as feedback loops, that influence its own operations.Answer: ADiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.5) Relative to the five themes of geography, communication and diffusion refer toA) location.B) place.C) human-Earth relationships.D) movement.E) region.Answer: DDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.6) Relative to the five themes of geographic science, resource management and sustainablegrowth refer toA) location.B) place.C) human-Earth relationships.D) movement.E) region.Answer: CDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.

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37) Relative to the five themes of geographic science, latitude and longitude refer toA) location.B) place.C) human-Earth relationships.D) movement.E) region.Answer: ADiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.8) Relative to the five themes of geographic science, areas that display uniform human orphysical characteristics refer toA) location.B) place.C) human-Earth relationships.D) movement.E) region.Answer: EDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.9) Relative to the five themes of geographic science, characteristics of a location refers toA) location.B) place.C) human-Earth relationships.D) movement.E) region.Answer: BDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.

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410) Which of the following most accurately characterizes the goal of geography?A) the production of paper and digital maps using remote sensing, GPS, and GISB) memorization of place names and region on a world mapC) understanding the imports and exports of major countries in the worldD) study of the nature and character of physical space and the distribution of things within itE) socioeconomic analysis of regions to determine similarities and differences across the planetAnswer: DDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.11) Which isnottrue of geographers?A) Geographers may utilize Earth systems science.B) Geographers are primarily concerned with place names.C) Geographers are concerned with spatial and temporal relationships.D) Geographers utilize various technologies, such as GIS, remote sensing, and GPS.E) Geographers often analyze the overlap between human-Earth connections.Answer: BDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.12) Which of the following comprise the fundamental duality in the field of geography?A) physical versus humanB) physical versus economicC) economic versus politicalD) political versus environmentalE) environmental versus socialAnswer: ADiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.

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513) A physical geographer would likelynotstudyA) the impact of a hurricane's landfall to coastal areas.B) vulnerability of human populations to landslides.C) effects of drought and changing climate on regional water supplies.D) the diffusion of various religions from the so-called Middle East.E) human influences on native ecosystems.Answer: DDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.14) Scale in the context of examining physical geographic patterns and processes is bestdescribed as theA) distance or area on a map relative to actual distance or area in the "real world."B) direct measurements of spatial distributions natural phenomena.C) relative spatial and/or temporal size or extent of some attribute.D) simple, organized steps leading to concrete, objective decisions.E) communication of the findings of scientific research in peer reviewed forums.Answer: CDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.1 Define geography and physical geography, and describe spatial analysis.15) The scientific method is described by which of the following?A) A single, definitive method for doing science.B) The acceptance of supernatural explanations for phenomena until science proves otherwise.C) Organized processes and procedures for analyzing phenomena and acquiring new knowledge.D) Irreproducible results accepted as theory.E) Conjecture of how phenomena operate based on cursory observations.Answer: CDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G9 Apply the scientific method in lab experiences to interpret information anddraw conclusions.LO: 1.2 Summarize the scientific process and discuss human population growth as it relates togeographic science.

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616) The key idea behind the scientific method isA) the use of intuition in testing hypotheses.B) an appeal to supernatural explanations when natural explanations have not yet been found fora phenomenon.C) the testing of ideas through controlled observations and experiments.D) unbridled speculation about the world.E) an acceptance of other scientists explanations based on their expert knowledge.Answer: CDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G9 Apply the scientific method in lab experiences to interpret information anddraw conclusions.LO: 1.2 Summarize the scientific process and discuss human population growth as it relates togeographic science.17) A hypothesis is best describe asA) a tentative explanation for an observed phenomenon.B) an explanation of the natural world based on extensive testing.C) the experimental phase of the scientific process.D) observations of particular phenomena.E) the peer review stage of the scientific process.Answer: ADiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G9 Apply the scientific method in lab experiences to interpret information anddraw conclusions.LO: 1.2 Summarize the scientific process and discuss human population growth as it relates togeographic science.

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718) Which of the following is the most strongly supported by extensive experimental andobservational evidence?A) speculationB) hypothesisC) educated guessD) theoryE) conjectureAnswer: DDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G9 Apply the scientific method in lab experiences to interpret information anddraw conclusions.LO: 1.2 Summarize the scientific process and discuss human population growth as it relates togeographic science.19) Which of the following isnottrue of scientific theories?A) They are based on repeated testing of a hypothesis without being rejected.B) They are broad in scope because they unify several known facts about the world.C) They have undergone rigorous peer review by other members in the scientific community.D) They are absolute truths and can never be proven wrong.E) They stimulate continued observation, testing, understanding, and pursuit of knowledge withscientific fields.Answer: DDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G9 Apply the scientific method in lab experiences to interpret information anddraw conclusions.LO: 1.2 Summarize the scientific process and discuss human population growth as it relates togeographic science.

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820) The majority of the world's human population lives primarilyA) in less-developed countries (LDCs).B) in more-developed countries (MDCs).C) in rural areas.D) in the United States.E) in Europe.Answer: ADiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G14 How human actions modify the physical environmentLO: 1.2 Summarize the scientific process and discuss human population growth as it relates togeographic science.21) Human population growth rates are expected toA) continue to increase into the foreseeable future in both LDCs and MDCs.B) increase in MDCs, but decrease in LDCs.C) decrease with virtually all new population growth in LDCs.D) increase rapidly until about 2040, then stabilize with moderate growth in MDCs.E) universally decrease in both LDCs and MDCs due to famine and war.Answer: CDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G14 How human actions modify the physical environmentLO: 1.2 Summarize the scientific process and discuss human population growth as it relates togeographic science.22) Sustainable development seeks toA) meet a growing populations needs now without consideration of the future.B) severely limit human development to protect the environment.C) restrict economic activity in MDCs to foster more economic activity in LDCs.D) enforce mandates to strongly curtail economic activities that are environmentally detrimental.E) advance the condition of human society while maintaining functioning Earth systems.Answer: EDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G14 How human actions modify the physical environmentLO: 1.2 Summarize the scientific process and discuss human population growth as it relates togeographic science.

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923) The name given to the most recent geological epoch to reflect the human influence onclimate and ecosystems is theA) Holocene.B) Anthropocene.C) Pleistocene.D) Pliocene.E) Miocene.Answer: BDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.1 The Science of GeographyBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.Global Sci. LO: G14 How human actions modify the physical environmentLO: 1.2 Summarize the scientific process and discuss human population growth as it relates togeographic science.24) A system is best described asA) the capacity to change the motion of, or to do work on, matter.B) mass that assumes a physical shape and occupies space.C) the point at which characteristics can no longer be maintained and a new state is adopted.D) any set of ordered, interrelated components working as a unified whole.E) a form of energy that is transferred between two substances at different temperatures.Answer: DDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.25) The capacity to change the motion of, or to do work on, matter is the definition ofA) energy.B) plasma.C) thermodynamics.D) acceleration.E) system.Answer: ADiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.

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1026) Which of the following is incorrect?A) Earth represents a vast integrated system.B) Earth represents an open system in terms of energy.C) Earth represents a closed system in terms of matter.D) New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time.E) Systems in nature are generally not self-contained.Answer: DDiff: 2Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.27) Systems encountered in nature at Earth's surface, such as a forest, areA) open systems in terms of energy.B) closed systems in terms of energy.C) open systems in terms of matter.D) both open systems in terms of energy and open systems in terms of matter.E) both closed systems in terms of energy and open systems in terms of matter.Answer: DDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.28) Which of the following is an example of a closed system?A) a forestB) a river drainage basinC) an automobileD) the Earth (in terms of matter)E) the Earth (in terms of energy)Answer: DDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.

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1129) With respect to air, water, and material resources, which of the following is true?A) A forest is a closed system.B) A forest is an open system.C) A forest is an open system in terms of air, but closed in terms of material resources.D) A forest is an open system in terms of water, but closed in terms of energy resources.E) A forest cannot be considered either on open or closed system.Answer: BDiff: 2Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.30) What type of feedback maintains stability in a system; i.e., what type of feedback keeps asystem functioning properly?A) positiveB) negativeC) neutralD) openE) closedAnswer: BDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.31) If a system responds to a change in input by moving further away from its equilibriumcondition, what type of feedback has occurred?A) positiveB) negativeC) neutralD) openE) closedAnswer: ADiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.

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1232) If Earth warmed up, and more snow fell because of more water vapor in the atmosphere, andthat snow then reduced Earth's temperature, which increased snow cover, then the initial increasein snow fall would be ________ feedback, while the continued increase in snow fall would be________ feedback.A) positive; positiveB) positive; negativeC) negative; positiveD) negative; negativeE) open; closedAnswer: CDiff: 2Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.33) As arctic temperatures rise, summer sea ice and glacial melt accelerates; lighter colorsurfaces are thereby replaced with darker-colored surfaces leading to more absorption andsurface heating. This is an example of a(n) ________ feedback.A) negativeB) positiveC) reverseD) dynamicE) closedAnswer: BDiff: 2Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.

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1334) Predator/prey relationships are an example ofA) positive feedback, because more predation leads to higher prey populations as they increasereproduction to insure survival.B) positive feedback, as more prey discourages further predation allowing prey populations toflourish.C) negative feedback, because prey populations tend to achieve a balance with the number ofpredators.D) negative feedback, because more predators equal fewer prey and people tend to like preymore than predators.E) positive feedback, because top predators are rare and have been hunted to near extinctionallowing prey populations to proliferate.Answer: CDiff: 2Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.35) If increased levels of carbon dioxide lead to further increases in temperature by promotingthe release of even more carbon dioxide from the oceans, this means a ________ feedback hasoccurred and that the planet is ________.A) positive; in equilibriumB) positive; out of equilibriumC) negative; in equilibriumD) negative; out of equilibriumE) closed; openAnswer: BDiff: 2Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.

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1436) The carbon dioxide absorbed by plants is an example of a(n) ________ to a forest and an________ from the atmosphere.A) input; inputB) input; outputC) output; outputD) output; inputE) feedback; equilibriumAnswer: BDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.37) Which of the following best describes the condition of steady-state equilibrium?A) System inputs always exactly balance outputs so the system never changes.B) System inputs and outputs fluctuate around a stable average.C) System inputs produce large, random fluctuations in output, forcing the system into a newstate of equilibrium.D) Systems slowly adjust to long-term changes in input and output.E) Systems lurch to new operational levels when they can no longer maintain their character.Answer: BDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.38) A large flood in a river may cause abrupt shifts leading to the carving of a new channel. Thepoint at which this change occurs is a(n)A) type of dynamic equilibrium condition.B) type of metastable equilibrium.C) threshold.D) input.E) ouput.Answer: CDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.

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1539) Which of the following is correctly matched?A) threshold — balance of inputs and outputsB) steady state equilibrium — small fluctuations about an average conditionC) dynamic equilibrium — large fluctuations that changes abruptly over timeD) tipping point — same as steady state equilibriumE) negative feedback — encourages change in a systemAnswer: BDiff: 1Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.40) As we burn fossil fuels and release carbon dioxide, the temperature of our planet and theoceans will increase. When the oceans warm they will release more carbon dioxide, furtherwarming the planet and oceans. This is an example of a ________ feedback loop and may resultin the crossing of a(n) ________.A) positive; equilibriumB) positive; disequilibriumC) negative; equilibriumD) positive; thresholdE) negative; thresholdAnswer: DDiff: 2Chapter/Section: 1.2 Earth Systems ConceptsBloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGeo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.LO: 1.3 Describe open and closed systems, feedback, and equilibrium concepts as they relate toEarth systems.

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