HESI Pharmacology Final Exam With Answers (156 Solved Questions)

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HESI PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM.Questions and answers with rationale.GradedA+What are the 5 rights of medication administration?-Right PatientRight DrugRight RouteRight TimeRight DoseHow do you safely prepare medication?-Have good lighting & work alone.Check medication label 3 times (When you grab the medication, Before dispensing medication, & Whenyou replacemedication.)Don't use anything without a label.Bottles with bad labels need to be returned to the pharmacy.Never transfer medication into another bottle.Check expiration date.Inspect & throw away decomposing medications.How would you administer medication via IM?-Injecting at 90° using the Z-Track method.How would you administer medication via IV?-Assess for allergies.Assess the IV site for complications.Clean the port closest to the IV site with alcohol swab.Administer medication.

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How would you administer medication via SubQ?-Injecting 45° (Skinny Patient) or 90° (Average Patient)into the fatty tissue.How would you administer medication via oral route?-Assist the patient into an upright or side lyingposition.Ask patient ifthey would like the medications in his/her hand or in the cup.Offer water.Remain with the patient until each medication is swallowed. Never leave the patient's bedside.How would you instill ear medications?-Warm the medication to prep it before entering the patient'sroom.Clean any ear drainage.Place the patient on his/her unaffected side or have the patient sit up with head titled to the unaffectedside.Straighten the ear canal by pulling up & back for adults or down & back for children.Administer the medication and allow the drops to fall on the side of the canal. Avoid instilling in themiddle of the canal or the tympanic membrane.Instruct patient to remain in this position for 5 minutes.Gently press on the tragus to facilitate the medicationto travel towards the tympanic membrane.If ordered loosely place a cotton ball into the ear canal.If you have to administer drops in both ear wait 5 minutes between each side.How would you instill eye medications?-Offer the patient a tissue.Cleanseeach eye from the inner area to the outer area.If the patient does not have cervical spine injury instruct the patient to tilt his/her head back.Gently apply pressure with fingers at the edge of the lower eyelid to expose the conjunctival sac.Administerthe medication & release the lower eyelid.Instruct patient to close eyes gently.Apply gentle pressure on the inner canthus to prevent the medication from flowing into the tear ducts.Instruct patient not to rub eyes.

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How would you apply a transdermal patch?-Wear gloves!Remove the old patch & fold it close on itself.Clean the old site to remove residue.Document date, time, & initials on the new patch.Rotate site.Clean the new site.Apply the patch.How would youapply an ointment medication?-Wear gloves!Clean the area.If the medication is not powder, never administer the ointment straight from the container! Squeeze theointment into a disposable cup.Spread over the area as prescribed.Observe for allergic reaction.Name the 5 injection sites for subcutaneous.-AbdomenUpper ArmBackButtocksThighsName the 5 injection sites for intramuscular.-DorsoglutealVentroglutealRectus FemorisVastus LateralisDeltoidWhich IM injection site is used mainly oninfants?-Rectus femoris.

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Which IM injection site do you use for children and adults?-VentroglutealWhich IM injection site is used on infants, children, and patients with poorly developed butt muscles?-Vastus lateralis.Name the 4 injection sites for intradermal.-Inner ForearmUpper ChestBackUpper Back ArmWhere should you place a transdermal patch?-Upper Arm & BackChestForearmButtStomachWhat is the peak time for rapid acting insulin?-30-60 minutesWhat isthe peak time for regular insulin?-2-4 hoursWhat is the peak time for intermediate acting insulin?-4-12 hoursWhat is the peak time for long acting insulin?-8-10 hoursWhat are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?-Cool and clammy skin, confused, weakness,palpitations, irritable, and hunger.Blood glucose: < 60 mg/dL

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Numbness or tingling of lips or tongueWhat are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?-The 3 Ps: Polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria,weakness, headache, and blurred vision.Later signs include pruritus, dry mouth, confusion, fruity odor of the breath, abdominal pain, or coma(DKA).Blood glucose: > 200 mg/dLAcetone breathWhich medication would a nurse anticipate to administer to a patient before administering a bloodtransfusion?-diphenhydramine (Benadryl)What are the allergic reactions to a blood transfusion?-What are isotonic IVfluids?-A solution used to replace or maintain fluid and electrolyte levels.Examples: 0.9% NS, Lactated Ringers, and D5WWhat are hypotonic IV fluids?-A solution with lower concentration of stuff on the outside of the cellcausing the fluids to move into the cell causing the cell to swell.This type of solution is used to rehydrate the patient.0.45% NS, 0.25% NS, 2.5% DextroseWhat are hypertonic IV fluids?-A solution with higher concentration of stuff on the outside of the cellcausing the fluids to leave the cell and causing the cell to shrink.

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This type of solutions is used to reduce swelling.D5 0.5% NS, D10WHow would you safely administer narcotics?-Ask about allergies.Obtain baseline vitals.Assess respiratory functions.Ask about any constipation issues.Needs 2 people to verify and waste.What is the antidote for overdose of opioids?-Naloxone (Narcan)What is the antidote for overdose of acetaminophen?-Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)What is the antidote for overdose ofheparin (?-Protamine SulfateWhat is the antidote for overdose of warfarin (Coumadin)?-Vitamin K (Phytonadione)What is the antidote for overdose of digitalis (Digoxin)?-Digoxin Immune FabToxicity Level: > 2.0 ng/mLWhat is the antidote for overdose of insulin?-Glucose D50What is the antidote for overdose of theophylline?-Esmolol it's also the antidote for caffeine overdose.Toxicity Level: 20 mcg/mL

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