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Health Promotion Strategies Through The Lifespan, Second Canadian Edition Test Bank

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    Test Bank Verna Pangman University of Manitoba Clare Pangman University of Manitoba To accompany HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES THROUGH THE LIFESPAN Second Canadian Edition Ruth Beckmann Murray St. Louis University Judith Proctor Zentner Director of Health Services, Hickory Hill Furniture Corporation Verna Pangman University of Manitoba Clare Pangman University of Manitoba

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    Contents Chapter 1: Sociocultural Influences on the Person and Family 1 Chapter 2: Environmental Influences on the Person and Family 23 Chapter 3: Spiritual and Religious Influences on the Person and Family 40 Chapter 4: The Family: Basic Unit for the Developing Person 55 Chapter 5: Overview: Theories Related to Human Development 71 Chapter 6: The Developing Person: Principles of Growth and Development 87 Chapter 7: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Infant 100 Chapter 8: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Toddler 118 Chapter 9: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Preschooler 131 Chapter 10: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Schoolchild 149 Chapter 11: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Adolescent and Youth 164 Chapter 12: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Young Adult 179 Chapter 13: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Middle-Aged Person 196 Chapter 14: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Person in Later Adulthood 209 Chapter 15: Death: The Last Developmental Stage 229 Sample Examination 246

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    — Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan Sample Final Examination A comprehensive, holistic final examination can be developed by selecting questions related to a family situation that covers the lifespan. The following questions are an example of such an examination. Multiple Choice: Select the best answer. The asterisk (*) indicates the best answer. The questions below describe an extended family living in a Canadian city in a prairie province. The developmental aspects of each person are to be assessed and the related facets of health promotion are to be implemented. Answer the following questions in relationship to the situation, placing your self in the role of the health care professional in the nurse-managed clinic to which the family comes for care. Mr. and Mrs. Smith, a middle-aged couple, have a large family: David, a baby of 4 months; Megan, 1 1/2 years; James, age 4; Ann, age 9; Sarah, age 12; Eric, age 16; and Patti, 23. Mrs. Smith’s aged parents live with them. 1. The Smith family speak of themselves as working-class. Which one of the following statements is most descriptive of this economic level? *A. Homes tend to be located in lower-cost neighbourhoods. B. Some of this population lives on social welfare. C. Relationships with extended family are not important. D. Childrearing practices tend to be democratic. 2. Which one of the following would be a block in the communication process during the assessment interview? *A. Responding to medical inquiries with, “Why is that important for you to know?” B. Having the environment free of auditory and visual distractions. C. Paraphrasing statements as needed during the assessment interview. D. Allowing time to interpret medical terms during the dialogue with the family. 246

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    Sample Final Examination 3. The professionals at the clinic utilize the developmental theories of Freud, Erikson, and Piaget. These theories have which the following characteristic in common? A. Development occurs without any specific sequence. *B. Certain tasks or behaviours must be accomplished before the next stage of development can be reached. C. Physical, emotional, social, cognitive, and moral development are considered by each theorist. D. Family interaction is considered crucial to development by each of the theorists. 4. The basic ingredients of a therapeutic nurse–client relationship include: A. care for the client B. acceptance and mutual respect C. empathy and compassion D. concerned involvement with objectivity a. A and B b. C and D c. B, C, and D *d. A, B, C, and D 5. Mrs. Smith was concerned about the appearance of David at birth. You were able to explain that the following were normal: A. milia B. lanugo C. vent caseosa D. caput succedaneum a. A b. B and C c. A and D *d. A, B, C, and D 247

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    — Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan 6. Mrs. Smith informs you that she is beginning to experience nipple discomfort while breastfeeding. Which one of the following is your best health promoting strategy? A. Supply her with a nipple shield to wear. *B. Advise her to remove the baby from the breast and reposition him. C. Teach her to breastfeed from the nipple that is not injured D. Advise her to pump until the nipple heals and give breast milk from the bottle. 7. Mrs. Smith makes a comment about the development of her children. You would expect her to realize which one of the following? A. Each child should show the same growth rate for all body parts. B. Each child should show different periods of growth plateaus and developmental transitions. C. Each child should be totally different from the other children in all dimensions. *D. Each child should have similar sequential patterns of development as the other children. 8. Which one of the following characteristics is normal during the first year of life? *A. The child can speak a few syllables by age one. B. Birth weight is doubled by one year of age. C. Posterior fontanel is closed by one year of age. D. The baby can roll over by him- or herself by three months. 248

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    Sample Final Examination 9. At 18 months, David will receive immunizations for which of the following diseases? A. diphtheria and pertussis B. tetanus and measles C. mumps and German measles D. polio and chicken pox a. A and B b. C and D *c A, B, and C d. A, B, C, and D 10. According to the Canadian Medical Association, the infant will be ready to sample food at which one of the following time periods? A. ten to twelve months B. one to three months *C. four to six months D. eight to ten months 11. According to Piaget, cognitive development in infancy proceeds in sequential stages. Select the correct order: A. demonstrates acts of beginning experimentation B. demonstrates reflex activity C. demonstrates beginning intention of behaviour D. anticipates familiar events, objects, or people a. A, B, C, D b. D, B, C, A *c. B, A, C, D d. C, D, A, B 249

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    — Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan 12. The physical characteristics of the 19-month-old toddler include which one of the following? *A. chest circumference is larger than the head circumference B. myelinization of the nervous system C. hand-arm-eye coordination D. gastrointestinal function is adult-like 13. Mrs. Smith asks some questions about Megan’s toilet training. According to the Canadian Paediatric Society, which one of the following is the most basic principle to consider in attempting to toilet train a toddler? A. All children must be two years of age before toilet training is started. B. Girls present unique problems in toilet training. *C. Use a child-oriented approach whereby the timing and method are considered. D. Toilet training will come without any special effort on the part of the parent. 14. Mrs. Smith stated that Megan says no to everything. With your understanding of this stage of development, which one of the following is the best explanation you would give Mrs. Smith? A. Achievement of autonomy has occurred for Megan. B. Megan has the need to explore the environment. *C. Distractions for Megan may be more useful than coercion in discipline. D. Megan is purposefully defying her parents. 250

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    Sample Final Examination 15. Mrs. Smith complains that although Megan (age one and a half) can feed herself, she is messy and untidy in the process, and it is easier to feed her. How should you respond? *A. It is better for Megan to feed herself even though she is untidy. B. Let Megan feed herself but punish her for spilling. C. Give Megan only finger foods to prevent spilling. D. Allow Megan to help herself to take fluids; spoon-feeding should be done by the mother. 16. Mrs. Smith states that James (age four) talks to himself as he plays and that he enjoys playing house. Which one of the following statements best explains normal development for this age? A. James has an active imagination and needs structured activities. B. James displays sex-typed play preference. *C. Play is a way for James to experiment with reality and promotes identification. D. James is achieving the developmental task of industry for schoolwork. 17. As Mrs. Smith discusses some of her problems with James, you can help her to gain which of the following understandings about the preschooler? A. Most preschool children are able to do abstract thinking. B. The preschool child may regress in an unfamiliar situation. C. The four-year-old has a vocabulary of about 1500 words and gives factual answers. D. Normally, he normally has good balance and can skip. *a. B b. C and D c. A, B, and C d. A, C, and D 251

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    — Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan 18. Which of the following statements is/are appropriate to teach Mrs. Smith about guidance for James? A. Reinforce the child’s acceptable behaviour and ignore unacceptable behaviour, when possible. B. Reprimand the child each time he is too active so that he learns limits. C. Change the limits on the child’s behaviour each week so that he learns self- control. D. State the limits calmly and concisely; consider limits as a way to promote security feelings. a. B *b. A and D c. B and C d. A, B, C, and D 19. Mr. and Mrs. Smith would like to know which parental style is linked to the best outcomes for most children? It is: A. permissive B. authoritarian *C. authoritative D. inhibitive 20. As Mrs. Smith talks about her two school-aged children, you share information about the physical characteristics and growth changes evident in a child during the interval between 6 and 12 years of age. Which of the following is/are true? A. The child becomes slimmer and the body proportions changes. B. The child becomes more graceful and coordination improves. C. The child attains an adult-size body proportion. D. The child attains stable and improving in health status. a. A b. A and C *c. A, B, and D d. A, B, C, and D 252

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    Sample Final Examination 21. Which of the following statements explain(s) the pattern of body image development in the schoolchild? A. The child is increasingly investigative of body anatomy. B. The child becomes less modest as puberty approaches. C. The child develops a more negative concept of self each year. D. The child develops a more accurate image of the internal body. a. A b. B and C *c. A and D d. A, B, C, and D 22. According to Piaget’s theory, cognitive abilities characteristic of the school-aged child include which of the following? A. selecting objects according to increasing or decreasing size B. understanding the sameness of a situation or object in spite of some change C. logical thinking to analyze relationships and themes D. understanding specific and multiple attributes in a classification a. C b. A and C c. A, B, and D *d. A, B, and D 23. You can help Mrs. Smith understand that one of the following is a need of a schoolchild. Which one? A. The child enjoys longer periods of activity. B. Rituals often provide a sense of fear. *C. Basic sex information should be given when the child indicates a sense of readiness. D. She or he indicates a dislike at engaging in adult-like tasks. 253

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    — Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan 24. To proceed developmentally, the second-order changes required of a family with school- aged children include which one of the following? A. Adjust time for the school activities of the children. B. Take the children to church to learn morality. C. Provide a variety of technological games for the children. *D. Adjust the marital system to include the children. 25. Which one of the following is a second-order change required for the parents to proceed developmentally when an adolescent is in the home? A. working out a system of communication between family members *B. fostering independence in the adolescent through minimal guidance C. resolving feelings related to differences between parents and offspring D. fostering a sense of continuity of the family’s beliefs and stability of behaviour in the adolescent 26. In which one of the following ways does a peer group contribute to Eric’s development? A. promotes moderate achieving tasks B. influences adult-like logic *C. helps define a sense of identity D. encourages dependence on the parents 254

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    Sample Final Examination 27. You should teach Mrs. Smith that in adolescence, which of the following will be typical of the developmental process in Eric? A. Reaching out and making friends is as important as formal classroom learning. B. Positive role models help Eric connect the self with who the self wants to be. C. Sense of sexuality is affected by earlier biological maturity and changing social contexts. D. Friends provide feedback to support the sense of connection with others. a. A and B b. A and C c. B, C, and D *d. A, B, C, and D 28. Identity formation in Eric implies which of the following? A. confidence that one’s ability to maintain inner sameness and continuity is matched by the sameness and continuity of one’s meaning for others B. internal stability and predictability C. the ability to resist extreme changes D. feelings of doubt and confusion about self as a human being a. B b. C and D *c. A, B, and C d. A, B, C, and D 29. Mrs. Smith informs you that Patti (age 23) is seriously dating a young man and that she is planning to leave home. Which of the following is an emotional process of transition in the family life cycle stage: leaving home: single young adults? A. establish a home, physically and psychologically B. establish an interdependent relationship with family of origin *C. accept emotional and financial responsibility for self D. establish roles and create a division of labour with her partner 255

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    — Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan 30. In assessing Patti, a young adult, you would observe the following normal physical characteristics: A. erect posture B. loose skin turgor C. full range of joint motion D. slow healing of tissue *a. A and C b. B and D c. A, B, and C d. B, C, and D 31. Which one of the following signs best indicates that Patti is in optimal health? *A. balance of productive work and rest B. participates in reasonable risk-taking behaviours C. uses food supplements in moderation D. shows minimum presence of stress symptoms 32. According to Piaget’s theory, which one of the following is most characteristic of the young adult’s cognitive ability? A. logical thought focused on present problem-solving and sequential thinking B. the ability to excel in pragmatic thought and dialectical thought processes C. the presence of the formal operation stage indicative of interacting effectively with others *D. the ability to accept a broad range of differing opinions, while concentrating on specific mental tasks 256

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    Sample Final Examination 33. The qualities that manifest spiritual maturity in adulthood include which one of the following? A. having a set, unchanging belief in oneself B. belonging to a community church group *C. searching for a deeper understanding of concepts D. challenging cultural belief systems 34. If Patti does not marry, which of the following is the best advantage of remaining single? A. a sense of responsibility for society B. a new relationship with the parental home C. a compatible and intellectual social group *D the enjoyment of personal freedom in life 35. Socially, middle-aged people like Mr. and Mrs. Smith are generally which of the following? A. responsible for two generations B. in a position of dependency C. in a position of authority D. in decline, reflecting on the past a. A b. B and D *c. A and C d. C and D 257

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    — Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan 36. Physiological changes in middle-aged persons such as Mr. and Mrs. Smith include which of the following? A. a loss of tissue elasticity and turgor B. atrophy of skin and mucous membranes C. increased decalcification of bones D. presbyopia and presbycusis a. A and B b. C and D c. A, B, and D *d. A, B, C, and D 37. Mrs. Smith, age 48, asks you for information about menopause. You should utilize which one of the following understandings as you do health teaching? A. Once a woman has entered menopause, she can no longer enjoy a satisfactory sex life. B. There is an exaggeration of emotional patterns. C. There is an abrupt decrease in ovarian hormonal levels. *D. The woman should have regular physical examinations, including a vaginal and rectal exam. 38. Mr. and Mrs. Smith, being middle-aged, would be expected to do which one of the following? A. seek a new identity by establishing a new life direction B. have accumulated experience that has little application to current situations C. maintain the same role relations with both older and younger family members *D. be able to adjust to routines in family and employment situations 258

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