Health Promotion Strategies Through The Lifespan, Second Canadian Edition Test Bank

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Test BankVerna PangmanUniversity of ManitobaClare PangmanUniversity of ManitobaTo accompanyHEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIESTHROUGH THE LIFESPANSecond Canadian EditionRuth Beckmann MurraySt. Louis UniversityJudith Proctor ZentnerDirector of Health Services, Hickory Hill Furniture CorporationVerna PangmanUniversity of ManitobaClare PangmanUniversity of Manitoba

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ContentsChapter 1: Sociocultural Influences on the Person and Family1Chapter 2: Environmental Influences on the Person and Family23Chapter 3: Spiritual and Religious Influences on the Person and Family40Chapter 4: The Family: Basic Unit for the Developing Person55Chapter 5: Overview: Theories Related to Human Development71Chapter 6: The Developing Person: Principles of Growthand Development87Chapter 7: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Infant100Chapter 8: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Toddler118Chapter 9: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Preschooler131Chapter 10: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Schoolchild149Chapter 11: Assessment and Health Promotion for theAdolescent and Youth164Chapter 12: Assessment and Health Promotion for the Young Adult179Chapter 13: Assessment and Health Promotion for theMiddle-Aged Person196Chapter 14: Assessment and Health Promotion for thePerson in Later Adulthood209Chapter 15: Death: The Last Developmental Stage229Sample Examination246

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—Health Promotion Strategies Through the LifespanSample Final ExaminationA comprehensive, holistic final examination can be developed by selecting questions related to afamily situation that covers the lifespan. The following questions are an example of such anexamination.Multiple Choice:Select thebestanswer. The asterisk (*) indicates thebestanswer.The questions below describe an extended family living in a Canadian city in a prairie province.The developmental aspects of each person are to be assessed and the related facets of healthpromotion are to be implemented. Answer the following questions in relationship to thesituation, placing your self in the role of the health care professional in the nurse-managed clinicto which the family comes for care.Mr. and Mrs. Smith, a middle-aged couple, have a large family: David, a baby of 4 months;Megan, 1 1/2 years; James, age 4; Ann, age 9; Sarah, age 12; Eric, age 16; and Patti, 23. Mrs.Smith’s aged parents live with them.1.The Smith family speak of themselves as working-class. Which one of the followingstatements is most descriptive of this economic level?*A.Homes tend to be located in lower-cost neighbourhoods.B.Some of this population lives on social welfare.C.Relationships with extended family are not important.D.Childrearing practices tend to be democratic.2.Which one of the following would be a block in the communication process during theassessment interview?*A.Responding to medical inquiries with, “Why is that important for you to know?”B.Having the environment free of auditory and visual distractions.C.Paraphrasing statements as needed during the assessment interview.D.Allowing time to interpret medical terms during the dialogue with the family.246

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Sample Final Examination3.The professionals at the clinic utilize the developmental theories of Freud, Erikson, andPiaget. These theories have which the following characteristic in common?A.Development occurs without any specific sequence.*B.Certain tasks or behaviours must be accomplished before the next stage ofdevelopment can be reached.C.Physical, emotional, social, cognitive, and moral development are considered byeach theorist.D.Family interaction is considered crucial to development by each of the theorists.4.The basic ingredients of a therapeutic nurse–client relationship include:A.care for the clientB.acceptance and mutual respectC.empathy and compassionD.concerned involvement with objectivitya.A and Bb.C and Dc.B, C, and D*d.A, B, C, and D5.Mrs. Smith was concerned about the appearance of David at birth. You were able toexplain that the following were normal:A.miliaB.lanugoC.vent caseosaD.caput succedaneuma.Ab.B and Cc.A and D*d.A, B, C, and D247

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—Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan6.Mrs. Smith informs you that she is beginning to experience nipple discomfort whilebreastfeeding. Which one of the following is your best health promoting strategy?A.Supply her with a nipple shield to wear.*B.Advise her to remove the baby from the breast and reposition him.C.Teach her to breastfeed from the nipple that is not injuredD.Advise her to pump until the nipple heals and give breast milk from the bottle.7.Mrs. Smith makes a comment about the development of her children. You would expecther to realize which one of the following?A.Each child should show the same growth rate for all body parts.B.Each child should show different periods of growth plateaus and developmentaltransitions.C.Each child should be totally different from the other children in all dimensions.*D.Each child should have similar sequential patterns of development as the otherchildren.8.Which one of the following characteristics is normal during the first year of life?*A.The child can speak a few syllables by age one.B.Birth weight is doubled by one year of age.C.Posterior fontanel is closed by one year of age.D.The baby can roll over by him- or herself by three months.248

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Sample Final Examination9.At 18 months, David will receive immunizations for which of the following diseases?A.diphtheria and pertussisB.tetanus and measlesC.mumps and German measlesD.polio and chicken poxa.A and Bb.C and D*cA, B, and Cd.A, B, C, and D10.According to the Canadian Medical Association, the infant will be ready to sample foodat which one of the following time periods?A.ten to twelve monthsB.one to three months*C.four to six monthsD.eight to ten months11.According to Piaget, cognitive development in infancy proceeds in sequential stages.Select the correct order:A.demonstrates acts of beginning experimentationB.demonstrates reflex activityC.demonstrates beginning intention of behaviourD.anticipates familiar events, objects, or peoplea.A, B, C, Db.D, B, C, A*c.B, A, C, Dd.C, D, A, B249

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—Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan12.The physical characteristics of the 19-month-old toddler include which one of thefollowing?*A.chest circumference is larger than the head circumferenceB.myelinization of the nervous systemC.hand-arm-eye coordinationD.gastrointestinal function is adult-like13.Mrs. Smith asks some questions about Megan’s toilet training. According to theCanadian Paediatric Society, which one of the following is the most basic principle toconsider in attempting to toilet train a toddler?A.All children must be two years of age before toilet training is started.B.Girls present unique problems in toilet training.*C.Use a child-oriented approach whereby the timing and method are considered.D.Toilet training will come without any special effort on the part of the parent.14.Mrs. Smith stated that Megan says no to everything. With your understanding of thisstage of development, which one of the following is the best explanation you would giveMrs. Smith?A.Achievement of autonomy has occurred for Megan.B.Megan has the need to explore the environment.*C.Distractions for Megan may be more useful than coercion in discipline.D.Megan is purposefully defying her parents.250

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Sample Final Examination15.Mrs. Smith complains that although Megan (age one and a half) can feed herself, she ismessy and untidy in the process, and it is easier to feed her. How should you respond?*A.It is better for Megan to feed herself even though she is untidy.B.Let Megan feed herself but punish her for spilling.C.Give Megan only finger foods to prevent spilling.D.Allow Megan to help herself to take fluids; spoon-feeding should be done by themother.16.Mrs. Smith states that James (age four) talks to himself as he plays and that he enjoysplaying house. Which one of the following statements best explains normal developmentfor this age?A.James has an active imagination and needs structured activities.B.James displays sex-typed play preference.*C.Play is a way for James to experiment with reality and promotes identification.D.James is achieving the developmental task of industry for schoolwork.17.As Mrs. Smith discusses some of her problems with James, you can help her to gainwhich of the following understandings about the preschooler?A.Most preschool children are able to do abstract thinking.B.The preschool child may regress in an unfamiliar situation.C.The four-year-old has a vocabulary of about 1500 words and gives factualanswers.D.Normally, he normally has good balance and can skip.*a.Bb.C and Dc.A, B, and Cd.A, C, and D251

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—Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan18.Which of the following statements is/are appropriate to teach Mrs. Smith about guidancefor James?A.Reinforce the child’s acceptable behaviour and ignore unacceptable behaviour,when possible.B.Reprimand the child each time he is too active so that he learns limits.C.Change the limits on the child’s behaviour each week so that he learns self-control.D.State the limits calmly and concisely; consider limits as a way to promote securityfeelings.a.B*b.A and Dc.B and Cd.A, B, C, and D19.Mr. and Mrs. Smith would like to know which parental style is linked to the bestoutcomes for most children? It is:A.permissiveB.authoritarian*C.authoritativeD.inhibitive20.As Mrs. Smith talks about her two school-aged children, you share information about thephysical characteristics and growth changes evident in a child during the interval between6 and 12 years of age. Which of the following is/are true?A.The child becomes slimmer and the body proportions changes.B.The child becomes more graceful and coordination improves.C.The child attains an adult-size body proportion.D.The child attains stable and improving in health status.a.Ab.A and C*c.A, B, and Dd.A, B, C, and D252

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Sample Final Examination21.Which of the following statements explain(s) the pattern of body image development inthe schoolchild?A.The child is increasingly investigative of body anatomy.B.The child becomes less modest as puberty approaches.C.The child develops a more negative concept of self each year.D.The child develops a more accurate image of the internal body.a.Ab.B and C*c.A and Dd.A, B, C, and D22.According to Piaget’s theory, cognitive abilities characteristic of the school-aged childinclude which of the following?A.selecting objects according to increasing or decreasing sizeB.understanding the sameness of a situation or object in spite of some changeC.logical thinking to analyze relationships and themesD.understanding specific and multiple attributes in a classificationa.Cb.A and Cc.A, B, and D*d.A, B, and D23.You can help Mrs. Smith understand that one of the following is a need of a schoolchild.Which one?A.The child enjoys longer periods of activity.B.Rituals often provide a sense of fear.*C.Basic sex information should be given when the child indicates a sense ofreadiness.D.She or he indicates a dislike at engaging in adult-like tasks.253

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—Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan24.To proceed developmentally, the second-order changes required of a family with school-aged children include which one of the following?A.Adjust time for the school activities of the children.B.Take the children to church to learn morality.C.Provide a variety of technological games for the children.*D.Adjust the marital system to include the children.25.Which one of the following is a second-order change required for the parents to proceeddevelopmentally when an adolescent is in the home?A.working out a system of communication between family members*B.fostering independence in the adolescent through minimal guidanceC.resolving feelings related to differences between parents and offspringD.fostering a sense of continuity of the family’s beliefs and stability of behaviour inthe adolescent26.In which one of the following ways does a peer group contribute to Eric’s development?A.promotes moderate achieving tasksB.influences adult-like logic*C.helps define a sense of identityD.encourages dependence on the parents254

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Sample Final Examination27.You should teach Mrs. Smith that in adolescence, which of the following will be typicalof the developmental process in Eric?A.Reaching out and making friends is as important as formal classroom learning.B.Positive role models help Eric connect the self with who the self wants to be.C.Sense of sexuality is affected by earlier biological maturity and changing socialcontexts.D.Friends provide feedback to support the sense of connection with others.a.A and Bb.A and Cc.B, C, and D*d.A, B, C, and D28.Identity formation in Eric implies which of the following?A.confidence that one’s ability to maintain inner sameness and continuity ismatched by the sameness and continuity of one’s meaning for othersB.internal stability and predictabilityC.the ability to resist extreme changesD.feelings of doubt and confusion about self as a human beinga.Bb.C and D*c. A, B, and Cd.A, B, C, and D29.Mrs. Smith informs you that Patti (age 23) is seriously dating a young man and that she isplanning to leave home. Which of the following is an emotional process of transition inthe family life cycle stage: leaving home: single young adults?A.establish a home, physically and psychologicallyB.establish an interdependent relationship with family of origin*C.accept emotional and financial responsibility for selfD.establish roles and create a division of labour with her partner255

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—Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan30.In assessing Patti, a young adult, you would observe the following normal physicalcharacteristics:A.erect postureB.loose skin turgorC.full range of joint motionD.slow healing of tissue*a.A and Cb.B and Dc.A, B, and Cd.B, C, and D31.Which one of the following signs best indicates that Patti is in optimal health?*A.balance of productive work and restB.participates in reasonable risk-taking behavioursC.uses food supplements in moderationD.shows minimum presence of stress symptoms32.According to Piaget’s theory, which one of the following is most characteristic of theyoung adult’s cognitive ability?A.logical thought focused on present problem-solving and sequential thinkingB.the ability to excel in pragmatic thought and dialectical thought processesC.the presence of the formal operation stage indicative of interacting effectivelywith others*D.the ability to accept a broad range of differing opinions, while concentrating onspecific mental tasks256

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Sample Final Examination33.The qualities that manifest spiritual maturity in adulthood include which one of thefollowing?A.having a set, unchanging belief in oneselfB.belonging to a community church group*C.searching for a deeper understanding of conceptsD.challenging cultural belief systems34.If Patti does not marry, which of the following is the best advantage of remaining single?A.a sense of responsibility for societyB.a new relationship with the parental homeC.a compatible and intellectual social group*Dthe enjoyment of personal freedom in life35.Socially, middle-aged people like Mr. and Mrs. Smith are generally which of thefollowing?A.responsible for two generationsB.in a position of dependencyC.in a position of authorityD.in decline, reflecting on the pasta.Ab.B and D*c.A and Cd.C and D257

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—Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan36.Physiological changes in middle-aged persons such as Mr. and Mrs. Smith include whichof the following?A.a loss of tissue elasticity and turgorB.atrophy of skin and mucous membranesC.increased decalcification of bonesD.presbyopia and presbycusisa.A and Bb.C and Dc.A, B, and D*d.A, B, C, and D37.Mrs. Smith, age 48, asks you for information about menopause. You should utilize whichone of the following understandings as you do health teaching?A.Once a woman has entered menopause, she can no longer enjoy a satisfactory sexlife.B.There is an exaggeration of emotional patterns.C.There is an abrupt decrease in ovarian hormonal levels.*D.The woman should have regular physical examinations, including a vaginal andrectal exam.38.Mr. and Mrs. Smith, being middle-aged, would be expected to do which one of thefollowing?A.seek a new identity by establishing a new life directionB.have accumulated experience that has little application to current situationsC.maintain the same role relations with both older and younger family members*D.be able to adjust to routines in family and employment situations258

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