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Solution Manual for Engineering Problem Solving With C++, 4th Edition

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    Exam Practice! 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T Multiple Choice Problems 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (a) Base Conversions Binary to: 10. Octal a. 665 b. 75157 c. 1271 d. 1001 e. 777 Binary to: 11. Hexadecimal a. 86B b. E7F5 c. 2B9 d. 8001 e. FFF Decimal to: 12. Octal a. 2414 b. 1137 c. 22075 d. 3641112 e. 3735707 13. Decimal a. 213 b. 2546 c. 237810 d. 528 e. 279935

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    Exam Practice! 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. Not Correct. int i, j, k; 7. Correct. 8. Incorrect. double D1, D2, D3; 9. Correct. 10. Correct. 11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (e) Memory Snapshots 16. x1=>2, z=>2, x=>2 17. x=>2, y=>1, a=>3.8, n=>2 Output 18. value_1 = 5.78263 19. Missing ; ( value_4 = 6.645832e+01 ) 20. value_5 = 7750 Programming Exercises /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_21 */ /* */ /* This program converts miles to kilometers. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double miles, kilometers; /* Enter number of miles from the keyboard. */ cout << "Enter the number of miles: \ n"; cin >> miles; /* Compute the number of kilometers equal to the specified miles. */ kilometers = 1.6093440*miles; /* Print the number of kilometers. */ cout << miles << " miles = " << kilometers << " kilometers \ n"; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_22 */ /* */ /* This program converts meters to miles. */

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    #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double miles, meters; /* Enter numbe r of meters from the keyboard. */ c out << "Enter the number of meters: \ n"; cin >> meters; /* Compute the number of m iles equal to the specified meters. */ miles = meters/ 1 609 . 3440; /* Print the number of miles. */ cout << meters << " meters = "<< miles << " miles \ n"; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_23 */ /* */ /* This program converts pounds to kilograms. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double pounds, kilograms; /* Enter number of pounds from the keyboard. */ cout << "Enter the number of pounds: "; cin >> pounds; /* Compute number of kilograms equal to the specified pounds. */ kilograms = pounds/2.205; /* Print the number of kilograms. */ cout << pounds << " pounds = " << kilograms << " kilograms \ n"; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_24 */ /* */ /* This program converts newtons to pounds. */ #include <iostream>

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    using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double pounds, newtons; /* Enter number of newtons from the keyboard. */ cout << "Enter the number of newtons: "; cin >> newtons; /* Compute number of pounds equal to the specified newtons. */ pounds = newtons/4.448; /* Print the number of pounds. */ cout << newtons << " newtons = " << pounds << " pounds \ n"; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_25 */ /* */ /* This program converts degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Rankin. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double degrees_F, degrees_R; /* Enter temperture in degrees Fahrenheit from the keyboard. */ cout << "Enter the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit: "; cin >> degrees_F; /* Compute the equivalent temperature in degrees Rankin */ /* from the given temperature. */ degrees_R = degrees_F + 459.67; /* Print the temperatures. */ cout << degrees_F << " degrees Fahrenheit = " << degrees_R << " degrees Rankin \ n"; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_26 */ /* */ /* This program converts degrees Celsius to degrees Rankin. */ #include <iostream>

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    using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double degrees_C, degrees_F, degrees_R; /* Enter temperture in degrees Celsius from the keyboard. */ cout << "Enter the temperature in degrees Celsius: \ n"; cin >> degrees_C; /* Compute the equivalent temperature in degrees Rankin */ /* from the given temperature. */ degrees_F = (9.0/5.0)*degrees_C + 32; degrees_R = degrees_F + 459.67; /* Print the temperatures. */ cout << degrees_C << " degrees Celsius = " << degrees_R << " degrees Rankin \ n"; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_27 */ /* */ /* This program converts degrees Kelvin to degrees Fahrenheit. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double degrees_R, degrees_K, degrees_F; /* Enter temperture in degrees Kelvin from the keyboard. */ cout << "Enter the temperature in degrees Kelvin: \ n"; cin >> degrees_K; /* Compute the equivalent temperature in degrees Fahrenheit */ /* from the given temperature. */ degrees_R = (9.0/5.0)*degrees_K; degrees_F = degrees_R - 459.67; /* Print the temperatures. */ cout << degrees_K << " degrees Kelvin = " << degrees_F << " degrees Fahrenheit \ n"; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

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    /* Problem chapter2_28 */ /* */ /* This program finds the area of a rectangle. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double a, b, area; /* Enter the lengths of sides of the rectangle. */ cout << "Enter the lengths of the sides of the rectangle: "; cin >> a >> b; /* Compute the area of the rectangle. */ area = a*b; /* Print the value of the area. */ cout << "The area of a rectangle with sides " << a << " and " << b << " is " << area << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_29 */ /* */ /* This program finds the area of a triangle. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double h, b, area; /* Enter the base and the height of the triangle. */ cout << "Enter the base and the height of the triangle: "; cin >> b >> h; /* Compute the area of the triangle. */ area = 0.5*b*h; /* Print the value of the area. */ cout << "The area of a triangle with base " << b << " and height " << h << "is " << area << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

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    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_30 */ /* */ /* This program finds the area of a circle. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; const double PI = 3.141593; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double r, area; /* Enter the radius. */ cout << "Enter the radius of the circle: "; cin >> r; /* Compute the area of the circle. */ area = PI*r*r; /* Print the value of the area. */ cout << "The area of a circle with radius " << r << " is " << area << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_31 */ /* */ /* This program computes the area of a sector of a circle when */ /* theta (u) is the angle in radians between the radii. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double u, r, area; /* Enter the lengths of the radii and */ /* the angle between them. */ cout << "Enter the length of the radii and the angle " << "(in radians) between them: "; cin >> r >> u; /* Compute the area of the sector. */ area = (r*r*u)/2.0; /* Print the value of the area. */ cout << "The area of sector is " << area << endl;

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    /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_32 */ /* */ /* This program computes the area of a sector of a circle when */ /* the input (d) is the angle in degrees between the radii. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; const double PI = 3.141593; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double d, r, area, theta; /* Enter the lengths of the radii and */ /* the angle between them. */ cout << "Enter the length of the radii and the angle " << "(in degrees) between them: "; cin >> r >> d; /* Compute the value of the angle in radians. */ theta = d * PI / 180; /* Compute the area of the sector. */ area = (r*r*theta)/2.0; /* Print the value of the area. */ cout << "The area of sector is " << area << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_33 */ /* */ /* This program computes the area of an */ /* ellipse with semiaxes a and b. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; const double PI = 3.141593; int main() { /* Declare variables. */

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    double a, b, area; /* Enter the length of the semiaxes. */ cout << "Enter the length of the semiaxes: "; cin >> a >> b; /* Compute the area of the ellipse. */ area = PI*a*b; /* Print the value of the area. */ cout << "The area of an ellipse with semiaxes " << a << " and " << b << " is " << area << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_34 */ /* */ /* This program computes the area of the surface */ /* of a sphere of radius r. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; const double PI = 3.141593; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double r, area; /* Enter the radius of the sphere. */ cout << "Enter the radius of the sphere: "; cin >> r; /* Compute the area of the sphere. */ area = 4.0*PI*r*r; /* Print the value of the area. */ cout << "The area of a sphere with radius " << r << " is " << area << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_35 */ /* */ /* This program computes the volume */ /* of a sphere of radius r. */ #include <iostream>

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    #include <cmath> using namespace std; const double PI = 3.141593; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double r, volume; /* Enter the radius of the sphere. */ cout << "Enter the radius of the sphere: "; cin >> r; /* Compute the volume of the sphere. */ volume = (4.0/3)*PI*pow(r,3); /* Print the value of the volume. */ cout << "The volume of a sphere with radius " << r << " is " << volume << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_36 */ /* */ /* This program computes the volume of a cylinder */ /* of radius r and height h. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; const double PI = 3.141593; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double r, h, volume; /* Enter the radius and height of the cylinder. */ cout << "Enter the radius and the height of the cylinder: "; cin >> r >> h; /* Compute the volume of the cylinder. */ volume = PI*r*r*h; /* Print the volume. */ cout << "The volume of a cylinder of radius " << r << " and " << "height " << h << " is " << volume << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

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    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_37 */ /* */ /* This program computes the molecular weight of the */ /* amino acid glycine. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; /* Defines symbolic constants for the appropriate atomic weights. */ const double OXYGEN = 15.9994; const double CARBON = 12.011; const double NITROGEN = 14.00674; const double HYDROGEN = 1.00794; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double molecular_weight; /* Compute the molecular weight of glycine. */ molecular_weight = (2*OXYGEN) + (2*CARBON) + NITROGEN + (5*HYDROGEN); /* Print the molecular weight. */ cout << "The molecular weight of glycine is " << molecular_weight << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_38 */ /* */ /* This program computes the molecular weights of the */ /* amino acids glutamic and glutamine. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; /* Defines symbolic constants for the appropriate atomic weights. */ const double OXYGEN = 15.9994; const double CARBON = 12.011; const double NITROGEN = 14.00674; const double HYDROGEN = 1.00794; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double mol_weight_glutamic, mol_weight_glutamine; /* Compute the molecular weights. */ mol_weight_glutamic = (4*OXYGEN) + (5*CARBON) +

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    NITROGEN + (8*HYDROGEN); mol_weight_glutamine = (3*OXYGEN) + (5*CARBON) + (2*NITROGEN) + (10*HYDROGEN); /* Print the molecular weights. */ cout << "The molecular weight of glutamic is " << mol_weight_glutamic << endl; cout << "The molecular weight of glutamine is " << mol_weight_glutamine << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_39 */ /* */ /* This program computes the molecular weight of a particular */ /* amino acid given the number of atoms for each of the five */ /* elements found in the amino acid. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; /* Defines symbolic constants for the appropriate atomic weights. */ const double OXYGEN = 15.9994; const double CARBON = 12.011; const double NITROGEN = 14.00674; const double HYDROGEN = 1.00794; const double SULFUR = 32.066; int main() { /* Declare variable. */ int no_oxy, no_carbon, no_nitro, no_hydro, no_sulfur; double molecular_weight; /* Enter the number of atoms for each of the five elements. */ cout << "Enter the number of oxygen atoms found " "in the amino acid. \ n"; cin >> no_oxy; cout << "Enter the number of carbon atoms. \ n"; cin >> no_carbon; cout << "Enter the number of nitrogen atoms. \ n"; cin >> no_nitro; cout << "Enter the number of sulfur atoms. \ n"; cin >> no_sulfur; cout << "Enter the number of hydrogen atoms. \ n"; cin >> no_hydro; /* Compute the molecular weight. */ molecular_weight = (no_oxy*OXYGEN) + (no_carbon*CARBON) + (no_nitro*NITROGEN) + (no_sulfur*SULFUR) + (no_hydro*HYDROGEN);

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    /* Print the molecular weight. */ cout << "The molecular weight of this particular amino acid is " << molecular_weight << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_40 */ /* */ /* This program computes the average atomic weight of the atoms */ /* found in a particular amino acid given the number of atoms for */ /* each of the five elements found in amino acid. */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; /* Defines symbolic constants for the appropriate atomic weights. */ const double OXYGEN = 15.9994; const double CARBON = 12.011; const double NITROGEN = 14.00674; const double HYDROGEN = 1.00794; const double SULFUR = 32.066; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ int no_oxy, no_carbon, no_nitro, no_hydro, no_sulfur, total_no; double average_atomic_weight; /* Enter the number of atoms for each of the five elements. */ cout << "Enter the number of oxygen atoms found " << " in the amino acid. \ n"; cin >> no_oxy; cout << "Enter the number of carbon atoms. \ n"; cin >> no_carbon; cout << "Enter the number of nitrogen atoms. \ n"; cin >> no_nitro; cout << "Enter the number of sulfur atoms. \ n"; cin >> no_sulfur; cout << "Enter the number of hydrogen atoms. \ n"; cin >> no_hydro; /* Compute the average weight of the atoms. */ total_no = no_oxy + no_carbon + no_nitro + no_sulfur + no_hydro; average_atomic_weight = ((no_oxy*OXYGEN) + (no_carbon*CARBON) + (no_nitro*NITROGEN) + (no_sulfur*SULFUR) + (no_hydro*HYDROGEN))/total_no; /* Print the average atomic weight. */ cout << "The average weight of the atoms in this particular amino " << "acid is " << average_atomic_weight << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0;

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    } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_41 */ /* */ /* This program reads in a positive number and then computes */ /* the logarithm of that value to the base 2. */ #include <iostream> #include <cmath> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double x, answer; /* Enter a positive number. */ cout << "Enter a positive number: "; cin >> x; /* Compute the logarithm to base 2. */ answer = log(x)/log(2.0); /* Print the answer. */ cout << "The logarithm of " << x << " to the base 2 is " << answer << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Problem chapter2_42 */ /* */ /* This program reads in a positive number and then computes */ /* the logarithm of that value to the base 8. */ #include <iostream> #include <cmath> using namespace std; int main() { /* Declare variables. */ double x, answer; /* Enter a positive number. */ cout << "Enter a positive number: "; cin >> x; /* Compute the logarithm to base 8. */ answer = log(x)/log(8.0);

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    /* Print the answer. */ cout << "The logarithm of " << x << " to the base 8 is " << answer << endl; /* Exit program. */ return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

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    Exam Practice! 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T Syntax Problems 6. switch condition (sqrt(x)) is not an integer. Multiple Choice 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (b) Memory Snapshot 14. n => 0, count => 2 15. n => - 1, count => 1 16. mon => 1, ch => J 17. mon => 1, ch => F 18. n => 0, count => - 1 19. a => 15 00 20. ch => * Programming Exercises Boolean Expressions /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- --- */ /* Program chapter3_21 This program receives three boolean values from standard input then determines if the condition ! (a&&b&&c) && !(a||b||c) is true or false. */ #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { //Declare local objects bool a, b, c; cout << "enter three boolean values (0 or 1)"; cin >> a >> b >> c; cout << "you entered " << a << "," << b << "," << c << endl; //Print heading and condition cout << "The condition: \ n" << endl; cout << "! (" << a << "&&" << b << "&&" << c <<" ) && !(" << a << "||" << b << "||" << c << ") \ n \ n"; //Determine if condition is true of false if(! (a&&b&&c) && !(a||b||c) ) { cout << "is true." << endl; } else { cout << "is false." << endl; } return 0;

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    } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Program chapter3_22 This program receives three boolean values from standard input then determines if the condition !(xx||xx)&&xx is true or false. */ #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { //Declare local objects bool a, b, c; cout << "enter three boolean values (0 or 1)"; cin >> a >> b >> c; if(!cin.fail()) { cout << "you entered " << a << "," << b << "," << c << endl; //Print heading and condition cout << "The condition: \ n" << endl; cout << "! (" << a << "||" << b << ")&&" << c << " \ n \ n"; //Determine if condition is true of false if( !(a||b)&&c ) { cout << "is true." << endl; } else { cout << "is false." << endl; } } return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Program chapter3_23 generates a truth table for the condition: */ /* A && B || B && C */ /* and determines if the condtion is a tautology */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { //Declare and intialize objects bool A(false), B(false), C(false); bool tautology(true); //assume true

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    bool condition = (A && B || B && C); //Print table header cout << "TABLE 3.2 \ n A \ tB \ tC \ t \ tA && B || B && C" << endl; cout << "_________________________________________________" << endl; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl ; //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; if(!condition) tautology = false; //Toggle B and C B = !B; C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(!condition) tautology = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" <<condition << endl; //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(!condition) tautology = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle A, B and C A = !A; B = !B; C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(!condition) tautology = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //R epeat the pattern for B and C.. //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(!condition) tautology = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle B and C B = !B; C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(!condition) tautology = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(!condition) tautology = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; if(tautology) cout << "This condition is a tautology." << endl; else cout << "This condtion is not a tautology." << endl; return 0; }

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    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Program chapter3_24 generates a truth table for the condition: */ /* A && B || B && C */ /* and determines if the cond i tion is a contradiction */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { //Declare and intialize objects bool A(false), B(false), C(false); bool contradiction(true); //assume true bool condition = (A && B || B && C); //Print table header cout << "TABLE 3.2 \ n A \ tB \ tC \ t \ tA && B || B && C" << endl; cout << "_________________________________________________" << endl; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; if(condition) contradiction = false; //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; if(condition) contradiction = false; //Toggle B and C B = !B; C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition) contradiction = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" <<condition << endl; //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition) contradiction = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle A, B and C A = !A; B = !B; C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition) contradiction = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Repeat the pattern for B and C.. //Toggle C C = !C;

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    condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition) contradiction = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle B and C B = !B; C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition) contradiction = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition) contradiction = false; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; if(contradiction) cout << "This condition is a contradiction." << endl; else cout << "This condtion is not a contradiction." << endl; return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Program chapter3_25 generates a truth table for the condition: */ /* A && B || B && C */ /* and determines if the cond i tion is a contingency */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { //Declare and intialize objects bool A(false), B(false), C(false); bool condition = (A && B || B && C); bool first(condition), contingency(false); //set to first value //Print table header cout << "TABLE 3.2 \ n A \ tB \ tC \ t \ tA && B || B && C" << endl; cout << "_________________________________________________" << endl; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; if(condition != first) contingency = true; //Toggle B and C B = !B; C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition !=first) contingency = true; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" <<condition << endl; //Toggle C

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    C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition !=first) contingency = true; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle A, B and C A = !A; B = !B; C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition !=first) contingency = true; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Repeat the pattern for B and C.. //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition !=first) contingency = true; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle B and C B = !B; C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition !=first) contingency = true; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; //Toggle C C = !C; condition = (A && B || B && C); if(condition !=first) contingency = true; cout << A << ' \ t' << B << ' \ t' << C << " \ t \ t \ t" << condition << endl; if(contingency) cout << "This condition is a contingency." << endl; else cout << "This condtion is not a contingency." << endl; return 0; /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ Structured Programming . if Statements /* Program chapter3_26 */ /*This program prompts the user to enter a value. */ /*The input value is printed along with a message. */ /*The message states states whether the input value is */ /* less than zero or greater than zero */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { double n1; cout << "Enter a value "; cin >> n1; cout << "You entered " << n1 << endl; if(n1 > 0)

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    cout << n1 << " is greater than zero." << endl; else if(n1 < 0) cout << n1 << " is less than zero." << endl; return 0; } /*Program chapter3_27 */ /*This program prompts the user to enter two numbers. */ /*The input values are printed along with */ /*difference between the two numbers. */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { double n1,n2,diff; cout << "Enter first number "; cin >> n1; cout << "You entered " << n1 << endl; cout << "Enter second number "; cin >> n2; cout << "You entered " << n2 << endl; if(n1 > n2) { diff = n1 - n2; cout << n1 << " - " << n2 << " = " << diff << endl; } return 0; } /* Program chapter3_28 */ /*This program prompts the user to enter two numbers. */ /*The input values are printed followed by */ /*the value of the smaller of the two values. */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { double n1,n2; cout << "Enter first number "; cin >> n1; cout << "You entered " << n1 << endl; cout << "Enter second number "; cin >> n2; cout << "You entered " << n2 << endl; if(n1 < n2) { cout << n1 << " is less than " << n2 << endl; } else if(n1 > n2) { cout << n2 << " is less than " << n1 << endl; } return 0;

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    } /*Program chapter3_29 */ /*This program prompts the user to enter three numbers. */ /*The input values are printed followed by */ /*the value of the largest number. */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { double n1,n2,n3; cout << "Enter first number "; cin >> n1; cout << "You entered " << n1 << endl; cout << "Enter second number "; cin >> n2; cout << "You entered " << n2 << endl; cout << "Enter third number "; cin >> n3; cout << "You entered " << n3 << endl; if(n1 > n2) { if(n1 > n3) cout << n1 << " is the largest value entered." << endl; else cout << n3 << " is the largest value entered." << endl; } else { cout << n3 << " is the largest value entered " << endl; } return 0; } /*Program chapter3_30 */ /*This program prompts the user to enter two integers */ /* The input values are printed followed by */ /* the value of true if the first number is */ /* evenly divisible by the second number */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { int n1,n2; cout << "Enter first integer "; cin >> n1; cout << "You entered " << n1 << endl; cout << "Enter second integer "; cin >> n2; cout << "You entered " << n2 << endl; if(n1%n2) cout << n1 << " is not evenly divisible by " << n2 << endl; else cout << n1 << " is evenly divisible by " << n2 << endl; return 0;

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    } /*Program chapter3_31 */ /* This program prompts the user to enter two characters */ /* The input characters are printed in alphabetical order. */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { char ch1,ch2; cout << "Enter first character "; cin >> ch1; cout << "You entered " << ch1 << endl; cout << "Enter second character "; cin >> ch2; cout << "You entered " << ch2 << endl; cout << "In alphabetical order: " << endl; if(ch1 <= ch2) cout << ch1 << " " << ch2 << endl; else cout << ch2 << " " << ch1 << endl; return 0; } /*Program chapter3_32 */ /* This program p rompts the user to enter three characters */ /* The input characters are printed in alphabetical order. */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { char ch1,ch2,ch3; cout << "Enter first character "; cin >> ch1; cout << "You entered " << ch1 << endl; cout << "Enter second character "; cin >> ch2; cout << "You entered " << ch2 << endl; cout << "Enter third character "; cin >> ch3; cout << "You entered " << ch3 << endl; cout << "In alphabetical order: " << endl; if(ch1 <= ch2 && ch1 <= ch3) //ch1 is the smallest { cout << ch1 << " "; if(ch2 < ch3) cout << ch2 << " "<< ch3; else cout << ch3 << " "<< ch2; } else if(ch2 <= ch1 && ch2 <= ch3) //ch2 is the smallest { cout << ch2 << " "; if(ch3 < ch1)

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    cout << ch3 << " "<< ch1; else cout << ch1 << " "<< ch3; } else //ch3 is the smallest { cout << ch3 << " "; if(ch2 < ch1) cout << ch2 << " " << ch1 << endl; else cout << ch1 << " " << ch2 << endl; } return 0; } /*Program chapter3_33 */ /*This program prompts the user to enter a character */ /*and determines if the input character is a vowel(a,e,i,o,u) */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { char letter; cout << "Enter letter "; cin >> letter; cout << "You entered " << letter << endl; switch(letter) { case 'A': case 'a': case 'E': case 'e': case 'I': case 'i': case 'O': case 'o': case 'U': case 'u': cout << letter << " is a vowel. " << endl; break; default: cout << letter << " is not a vowel. " << endl; break; } return 0; } /*Program chapter3_34 */ /*This program prompts the user to enter two numbers */ /*and a character that represents an arithmetic operator. */ /* * => multiply */ /* + => addition */ /* - => subtraction */ /* / => division */ /* The input values are printed followed by */ /* the result of the operation or an error message */ /* if the character is not one of the 4 defined operator. */

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    #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { double n1,n2; char op; cout << "Enter first number "; cin >> n1; cout << "You entered " << n1 << endl; cout << "Enter second number "; cin >> n2; cout << "You entered " << n2 << endl; cout << "Enter desired operation:(*,+, - ,/) "; cin >> op; cout << "You entered " << op << endl; switch(op) { case '*': cout << n1 << " * " << n2 << " = " << n1*n2 << endl; break; case '+': cout << n1 << " + " << n2 << " = " << n1+n2 << endl; break; case ' - ': cout << n1 << " - " << n2 << " = " << n1 - n2 << endl; break; case '/': cout << n1 << " / " << n2 << " = " << n1/n2 << endl; break; default: cout << "invalid operator.." << endl; break; } return 0; } /* Program chapter3_35 */ /* This program prompts the user to enter a month, */ /* represented as an integer between 1 and 12 */ /* The input value is printed followed by */ /* the name of the corresponding month. */ /* 1=>January, 2=>February, etc. */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { int month; cout << "Enter the month: (As integer between 1 and 12)"; cin >> month; cout << "You entered " << month << endl; switch(month) { case 1: cout << "The month is January" << endl;

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    break; case 2: cout << "The month is February" << endl; break; case 3: cout << "The month is March" << endl; break; case 4: cout << "The month is April" << endl; break; case 5: cout << "The month is May" << endl; break; case 6: cout << "The month is June" << endl; break; case 7: cout << "The month is July" << endl; break; case 8: cout << "The month is August" << endl; break; case 9: cout << "The month is September" << endl; break; case 10: cout << "The month is October" << endl; break; case 11: cout << "The month is November" << endl; break; case 12: cout << "The month is December" << endl; break; default: cout << "invalid integer input.." << endl; break; } return 0; } /*Program chapter3_36 */ /* This program prompts the user to enter a day, */ /* represented as an integer between 1 and 7 */ /* The input value is printed followed by */ /* the name of the corresponding month. */ /* 1=>Sunday, 2=>Monday, etc. */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { int day; cout << "Enter the day: (As integer between 1 and 7)"; cin >> day; cout << "You entered " << day << endl; switch(day)

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    { case 1: cout << "The day is Sunday" << endl; break; case 2: cout << "The day is Monday" << endl; break; case 3: cout << "The day is Tuesday" << endl; break; case 4: cout << "The day is Wednesday" << endl; break; case 5: cout << "The day is Thursday" << endl; break; case 6: cout << "The day is Friday" << endl; break; case 7: cout << "The day is Saturday" << endl; break; default: cout << "invalid integer input.." << endl; break; } return 0; } /*Program chapter3_37 */ /* This program prompts the user to enter a date with the format XX/XX, */ /* as in 10/01. The program will input the date and print the season. */ /* For example, if the input is 10/01 the output will be: */ /* Date entered is October 1. The season is Fall. */ /* If the input is invalid, an error message is printed. */ /* Assumptions: */ /* Seasons are based on Nothern Hemisphere time, year 2016. */ #include<iostream> //required for cin, cout using namespace std; int main() { int month(0), day(0); string theMonth, theSeason; char ch; cout << "Enter the date: (with format xx/xx)"; cin >> month; cin >> ch; cin >> day; if(!cin || day < 1) { cerr << "Bad input.." << endl; exit(1); } switch(month) { case 1:

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    cout << "The month is January" << endl; if(day > 31) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } theMonth = "January"; theSeason = "Winter"; break; case 2: cout << "The month is February" << endl; if(day > 29) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } theMonth = "February"; theSeason = "Winter"; break; case 3: cout << "The month is March" << endl; theMonth = "March"; if(day > 31) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } if(day < 20) theSeason = "Winter"; else theSeason = "Spring"; break; case 4: cout << "The month is April" << endl; theMonth = "April"; if(day > 30) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } theSeason = "Spring"; break; case 5: cout << "The month is May" << endl; theMonth = "May"; if(day > 31) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } theSeason = "Spring"; break; case 6: cout << "The month is June" << endl; theMonth = "June"; if(day > 30) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1);

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    } if(day < 20) theSeason = "Spring"; else theSeason = "Summer"; break; case 7: cout << "The month is July" << endl; theMonth = "Juy"; if(day > 31) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } theSeason = "Summer"; break; case 8: cout << "The month is August" << endl; theMonth = "August"; if(day > 31) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } theSeason = "Summer"; break; case 9: cout << "The month is September" << endl; theMonth = "September"; if(day > 30) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } if(day < 22) theSeason = "Summer"; else theSeason = "Fall"; break; case 10: cout << "The month is October" << endl; theMonth = "October"; if(day > 31) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } theSeason = "Fall"; break; case 11: cout << "The month is November" << endl; theMonth = "November"; if(day > 30) { cerr << "bad date entered.." << day << endl; exit(1); } theSeason = "Fall"; break; case 12: cout << "The month is December" << endl;

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