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Solution Manual for Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)

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    Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7) Instructor’s Answer Key Allan Johnson Cisco Press 221 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA

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    vii Credits Figure 2-2 Screenshot of Windows 10 Ethernet Properties Microsoft 2020 Figure 2-3 Screenshot of Windows 10 TCP/IPv4 Properties—Manual IP Address Configuration Microsoft 2020 Figure 2-4 Screenshot of Windows 10 TCP/IPv4 Properties—Automatic IP Address Configuration Microsoft 2020 Unnumbered Figure 3-2 Screenshot of Capturing from Ethernet Wireshark Unnumbered Figure 7-2 Screenshot of highlights the frame details for an ARP request Wireshark Unnumbered Figure 7-3 Screenshot of highlights the frame details for an ARP reply Wireshark Figure 12-3 Screenshot of Windows TCP/IPv6 Properties Microsoft 2020 Unnumbered Figure 13-2 Screenshot of External to PC-A with a Hop limit of 63 Wireshark Figure 17-3 Screenshot of Windows 10 Network Connection Details Microsoft 2020 Figure 17-4 Screenshot of Linux Ubuntu Connection Information 2020 Microsoft 2020 Figure 17-5 Screenshot of Configuration Information on a macOS Host 2020 Apple Inc

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    viii Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7) Contents at a Glance Introduction xxxii Chapter 1 Networking Today 1 Chapter 2 Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 21 Chapter 3 Protocols and Models 77 Chapter 4 Physical Layer 113 Chapter 5 Number Systems 137 Chapter 6 Data Link Layer 145 Chapter 7 Ethernet Switching 153 Chapter 8 Network Layer 193 Chapter 9 Address Resolution 205 Chapter 10 Basic Router Configuration 229 Chapter 11 IPv4 Addressing 269 Chapter 12 IPv6 Addressing 331 Chapter 13 ICMP 373 Chapter 14 Transport Layer 411 Chapter 15 Application Layer 439 Chapter 16 Network Security Fundamentals 459 Chapter 17 Build a Small Network 505

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    Contents ix Contents Introduction xxxii Chapter 1 Networking Today 1 Networks Affect Our Lives 2 Network Components 2 End Devices, Intermediary Devices, and Media 2 Check Your Understanding: Network Components 3 Network Representations and Topologies 4 Classify and Identify Network Components 4 Topology Diagrams 5 Check Your Understanding: Network Representations and Topologies 5 Common Types of Networks 6 Compare LANs and WANs 6 Check Your Understanding: Common Types of Networks 7 Internet Connections 7 Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 7 Reliable Networks 9 Classify the Requirements for a Reliable Network 9 Check Your Understanding: Reliable Networks 10 Network Trends 10 Identify the Cloud Type 11 Check Your Understanding: Network Trends 11 Network Security 12 Check Your Understanding: Network Security 12 The IT Professional 13 1.5.7 Packet Tracer—Network Representation (Instructor Version) 14 Objectives 14 Instructions 14 Challenge Question 17 1.9.3 Lab—Research IT and Networking Job Opportunities (Instructor Version) 18 Objectives 18 Background / Scenario 18 Required Resources 18 Instructions 18 Reflection Questions 19 Chapter 2 Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 21 Cisco IOS Access 22 Check Your Understanding: Cisco IOS Access 22

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    x Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7) IOS Navigation 23 Syntax Checker: Navigate Between IOS Modes 23 Check Your Understanding: IOS Navigation 24 The Command Structure 25 Navigate the IOS Matching Exercise 25 Hotkeys and Shortcuts 26 Basic Device Configuration 27 Apply a Basic Configuration 27 Check Your Understanding: Basic Device Configuration 28 Save Configurations 29 Ports and Addresses 29 Check Your Understanding: Ports and Addresses 30 Configure IP Addressing 30 Verify Connectivity 32 Packet Tracer Exercise 2-1: Basic Switch Configuration 33 Requirements 33 Command Reference 34 2.3.7 Packet Tracer—Navigate the IOS (Instructor Version) 35 Objectives 35 Background / Scenario 35 Instructions 35 Part 1: Establish Basic Connections, Access the CLI, and Explore Help 35 Part 2: Explore EXEC Modes 37 Part 3: Set the Clock 38 2.3.8 Lab—Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console Connectivity (Instructor Version) 41 Topology 41 Objectives 41 Background / Scenario 41 Required Resources 42 Instructions 42 Part 1: Access a Cisco Switch through the Serial Console Port 42 Part 2: Display and Configure Basic Device Settings 44 Part 3: (Optional) Access a Cisco Router Using a Mini-USB Console Cable 45 Reflection Question 47 Router Interface Summary Table 48 2.5.5 Packet Tracer—Configure Initial Switch Settings (Instructor Version) 49 Objectives 49 Background / Scenario 49 Instructions 49 Part 1: Verify the Default Switch Configuration 49

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    Contents xi Part 2: Create a Basic Switch Configuration 50 Part 3: Configure a MOTD Banner 53 Part 4: Save and Verify Configuration Files to NVRAM 53 Part 5: Configure S2 54 2.7.6 Packet Tracer—Implement Basic Connectivity (Instructor Version) 55 Addressing Table 55 Objectives 55 Background 55 Instructions 55 Part 1: Perform a Basic Configuration on S1 and S2 55 Part 2: Configure the PCs 56 Part 3: Configure the Switch Management Interface 57 2.9.1 Packet Tracer—Basic Switch and End Device Configuration (Instructor Version) 59 Addressing Table 59 Objectives 59 Scenario 59 Instructions 59 Requirements 59 2.9.2 Lab—Basic Switch and End Device Configuration (Instructor Version) 62 Topology 62 Addressing Table 62 Objectives 62 Background / Scenario 62 Required Resources 63 Instructions 63 Reflection Question 70 Device Configs 71 Switch S1 (complete) 71 Switch S2 (complete) 73 Chapter 3 Protocols and Models 77 The Rules 78 Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 78 Check Your Understanding: The Rules 78 Protocols 79 Check Your Understanding: Protocols 80 Protocol Suites 81 Protocol Definitions: Matching 81 Map the Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite 82 Check Your Understanding: Protocol Suites 83 Standards Organizations 84 Standards Organizations: Matching 84 Check Your Understanding: Standards Organizations 85

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    xii Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7) Reference Models 86 OSI Reference Model Layers: Matching 86 TCP/IP Model Layers: Matching 87 Data Encapsulation 87 Label the PDUs 87 Check Your Understanding: Data Encapsulation 89 Data Access 89 The Role of Addressing in Network Communications 90 Check Your Understanding: Data Access 90 3.0.3 Class Activity—Design a Communications System (Instructor Version) 92 Objectives 92 Background / Scenario 92 Reflection Question 92 3.4.4 Lab—Research Networking Standards (Instructor Version) 94 Objectives 94 Background / Scenario 94 Required Resources 94 Instructions 94 3.5.5 Packet Tracer—Investigate the TCP/IP and OSI Models in Action (Instructor Version) 98 Objectives 98 Background 98 Instructions 98 Part 1: Examine HTTP Web Traffic 98 Part 2: Display Elements of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite 101 Challenge Questions 103 3.7.9 Lab—Install Wireshark (Instructor Version) 104 Objectives 104 Background / Scenario 104 Required Resources 104 Instructions 104 3.7.10 Lab—Use Wireshark to View Network Traffic (Instructor Version) 106 Topology 106 Objectives 106 Background / Scenario 106 Required Resources 107 Instructions 107 Part 1: Capture and Analyze Local ICMP Data in Wireshark 107 Part 2: Capture and Analyze Remote ICMP Data in Wireshark 110 Reflection Question 111 Appendix A: Allowing ICMP Traffic Through a Firewall 112

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    Contents xiii Part 1: Create a new inbound rule allowing ICMP traffic through the firewall 112 Part 2: Disabling or deleting the new ICMP rule 112 Chapter 4 Physical Layer 113 Purpose of the Physical Layer 114 Check Your Understanding: Purpose of the Physical Layer 114 Physical Layer Characteristics 115 Completion Exercise 115 Check Your Understanding: Physical Layer Characteristics 116 Copper Cabling 116 Completion Exercise 117 Compare UTP, STP, and Coaxial Characteristics 118 UTP Cabling 118 Limiting the Negative Effect of Crosstalk 118 UTP Cable Wiring Standards 118 UTP Cable Pinouts 119 Fiber-Optic Cabling 119 Completion Exercise 119 Check Your Understanding: Fiber-Optic Cabling 120 Wireless Media 121 Completion Exercise 121 Check Your Understanding: Wireless Media 122 4.6.5 Packet Tracer—Connect a Wired and Wireless LAN (Instructor Version) 123 Addressing Table 123 Objectives 123 Background 124 Instructions 124 Part 1: Connect to the Cloud 124 Part 2: Connect Router0 124 Part 3: Connect Remaining Devices 125 Part 4: Verify Connections 125 Part 5: Examine the Physical Topology 125 4.6.6 Lab—View Wired and Wireless NIC Information (Instructor Version) 127 Objectives 127 Background / Scenario 127 Required Resources 127 Instructions 127 Part 1: Identify and Work with PC NICs 127 Part 2: Identify and Use the System Tray Network Icons 130 Reflection Question 131

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    xiv Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7) 4.7.1 Packet Tracer—Connect the Physical Layer (Instructor Version) 132 Objectives 132 Background 132 Part 1: Identify Physical Characteristics of Internetworking Devices 132 Part 2: Select Correct Modules for Connectivity 133 Part 3: Connect Devices 135 Part 4: Check Connectivity 135 Chapter 5 Number Systems 137 Binary Number System 138 Positional Notation 138 Convert Binary to Decimal 139 Convert Decimal to Binary 140 Activity: Binary Game 140 Hexadecimal Number System 140 Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion 142 Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion 142 Check Your Understanding: Hexadecimal Number System 142 Chapter 6 Data Link Layer 145 Purpose of the Data Link Layer 146 Check Your Understanding: Purpose of the Data Link Layer 147 Topologies 148 Completion Exercise 148 Check Your Understanding: Topologies 149 Data Link Frame 150 Label the Generic Frame Fields 150 Check Your Understanding: Data Link Frame 150 Chapter 7 Ethernet Switching 153 Ethernet Frames 154 Identify the Ethernet Frame Attributes 154 Check Your Understanding: Ethernet Switching 155 Ethernet MAC Address 156 Completion Exercise 156 The MAC Address Table 157 LAN Switches 157 Build the MAC Address Table 157 Forward the Frame 158 Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods 161 Compare Switch Forwarding Methods 162 Port Settings Completion Exercise 162 Check Your Understanding: Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods 163

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    Contents xv 7.1.6 Lab—Use Wireshark to Examine Ethernet Frames (Instructor Version) 164 Topology 164 Objectives 164 Background / Scenario 164 Required Resources 165 Instructions 165 Part 1: Examine the Header Fields in an Ethernet II Frame 165 Part 2: Use Wireshark to Capture and Analyze Ethernet Frames 168 Reflection Question 171 7.2.7 Lab—View Network Device MAC Addresses (Instructor Version) 172 Topology 172 Addressing Table 172 Objectives 172 Background / Scenario 172 Required Resources 173 Instructions 173 Part 1: Configure Devices and Verify Connectivity 173 Part 2: Display, Describe, and Analyze Ethernet MAC Addresses 174 Reflection Questions 178 Device Config 178 Switch S1 178 7.3.7 Lab—View the Switch MAC Address Table (Instructor Version) 181 Topology 181 Addressing Table 181 Objectives 181 Background / Scenario 181 Required Resources 182 Instructions 182 Part 1: Build and Configure the Network 182 Part 2: Examine the Switch MAC Address Table 183 Reflection Question 188 Device Configs 188 Switch S1 188 Switch S2 190 Chapter 8 Network Layer 193 Network Layer Characteristics 194 Network Layer Operations 194 Characteristics of IP 194 Check Your Understanding: IP Characteristics 195 IPv4 Packet 195 Fields of the IPv4 Packet 196 Check Your Understanding: IPv4 Packet 196

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    xvi Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7) IPv6 Packet 197 Fields of the IPv6 Packet 197 Check Your Understanding: IPv6 Packet 198 How a Host Routes 198 Completion Exercise 198 Check Your Understanding: How a Host Routes 200 Introduction to Routing 200 Routing Table Entry: Matching 202 Check Your Understanding: Introduction to Routing 203 Chapter 9 Address Resolution 205 MAC and IP 206 Identify the MAC and IP Addresses 206 Check Your Understanding: MAC and IP 207 ARP 207 Completion Exercise 207 Check Your Understanding: ARP 209 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 210 Five ICMPv6 Messages 210 Check Your Understanding: Neighbor Discovery 210 9.1.3 Packet Tracer—Identify MAC and IP Addresses (Instructor Version) 211 Objectives 211 Background 211 Instructions 211 Part 1: Gather PDU Information for Local Network Communication 211 Part 2: Gather PDU Information for Remote Network Communication 212 Reflection Questions 213 Suggested Scoring Rubric 215 9.2.9 Packet Tracer—Examine the ARP Table (Instructor Version) 216 Addressing Table 216 Objectives 216 Background 216 Instructions 216 Part 1: Examine an ARP Request 216 Part 2: Examine a Switch MAC Address Table 218 Part 3: Examine the ARP Process in Remote Communications 219 9.3.4 Packet Tracer—IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (Instructor Version) 221 Addressing Table 221 Objectives 221 Background 221 Instructions 221

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    Contents xvii Part 1: IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Local Network 221 Part 2: IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Remote Network 224 Reflection Questions 227 Chapter 10 Basic Router Configuration 229 Configure Initial Router Settings 230 Basic Router Configuration Exercise 230 Configure Initial Settings Exercise 231 Configure Interfaces 232 Configure Router Interfaces Exercise 232 Packet Tracer Exercise 10-1: Basic Router Configuration 234 Configure the Default Gateway 234 Command Reference 235 10.1.4 Packet Tracer—Configure Initial Router Settings (Instructor Version) 236 Objectives 236 Background 236 Instructions 236 Part 1: Verify the Default Router Configuration 236 Part 2: Configure and Verify the Initial Router Configuration 237 Part 3: Save the Running Configuration File 239 10.3.4 Packet Tracer—Connect a Router to a LAN (Instructor Version) 241 Addressing Table 241 Objectives 241 Background 241 Part 1: Display Router Information 242 Part 2: Configure Router Interfaces 244 Part 3: Verify the Configuration 245 10.3.5 Packet Tracer—Troubleshoot Default Gateway Issues (Instructor Version) 247 Addressing Table 247 Objectives 247 Background 247 Instructions 248 Part 1: Verify Network Documentation and Isolate Problems 248 Part 2: Implement, Verify, and Document Solutions 249 10.4.3 Packet Tracer—Basic Device Configuration (Instructor Version) 250 Topology 250 Addressing Table 250 Objectives 250 Scenario 250 Requirements 251

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    xviii Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7) 10.4.4 Lab—Build a Switch and Router Network (Instructor Version) 252 Topology 252 Addressing Table 252 Objectives 252 Background / Scenario 252 Required Resources 253 Instructions 254 Part 1: Set Up Topology and Initialize Devices 254 Part 2: Configure Devices and Verify Connectivity 254 Part 3: Display Device Information 257 Reflection Questions 261 Router Interface Summary Table 261 Device Configs 262 Router R1 262 Switch S1 264 Chapter 11 IPv4 Addressing 269 IPv4 Address Structure 270 Network and Host Portions 270 IPv4 Subnet Mask 270 The Prefix Length 271 Determining the Network: Logical AND 271 ANDing to Determine the Network Address 272 Activity: ANDing to Determine the Network Address 272 Check Your Understanding: IPv4 Address Structure 273 IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast 274 Types of IPv4 Addresses 274 Public and Private Addresses 274 Special Use IPv4 Addresses 274 Legacy Classful Addressing 275 Assignment of IP Addresses 275 Check Your Understanding: Types of IPv4 Addresses 276 Network Segmentation 276 Broadcast Domains and Segmentation 276 Problems with Large Broadcast Domains 276 Reasons for Segmenting Networks 277 Check Your Understanding: Network Segmentation 277 Subnet an IPv4 Network 277 Subnetting in Four Steps 278 Subnetting Example 278 Subnetting Scenario 1 280 Subnetting Scenario 2 280 Subnetting Scenario 3 280

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    Contents xix VLSM Addressing Schemes 281 VLSM Review 281 VLSM Addressing Design Exercises 283 11.5.5 Packet Tracer—Subnet an IPv4 Network (Instructor Version) 288 Addressing Table 288 Objectives 288 Background / Scenario 288 Instructions 289 Part 1: Subnet the Assigned Network 289 Part 2: Configure the Devices 292 Part 3: Test and Troubleshoot the Network 293 Device Configs 293 CustomerRouter 293 LAN-A 294 LAN-B 294 PC-A 294 PC-B 294 11.6.6 Lab—Calculate IPv4 Subnets (Instructor Version) 295 Objectives 295 Background / Scenario 295 Required Resources 295 Instructions 295 Problem 1 295 Problem 2 296 Problem 3 296 Problem 4 297 Problem 5 297 Problem 6 298 Reflection Question 298 11.7.5 Packet Tracer—Subnetting Scenario (Instructor Version) 299 Addressing Table 299 Objectives 299 Scenario 299 Instructions 299 Part 1: Design an IP Addressing Scheme 299 Part 2: Assign IP Addresses to Network Devices and Verify Connectivity 301 Device Configs 302 R1 302 S3 302 PC4 302

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    xx Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7) 11.9.3 Packet Tracer—VLSM Design and Implementation Practice (Instructor Version) 303 Topology 303 Addressing Table 303 Objectives 303 Background 303 Instructions 304 Part 1: Examine the Network Requirements 304 Part 2: Design the VLSM Addressing Scheme 305 Part 3: Assign IP Addresses to Devices and Verify Connectivity 305 Instructor Notes: 306 Scenario 1 - Network Address: 10.11.48.0/24 306 Building 1 307 ASW3 307 Scenario 2 - Network Address: 172.31.103.0/24 307 Branch 1 308 Room-312 308 Scenario 3 - Network Address: 192.168.72.0/24 308 Remote-Site1 309 Sw-3 309 11.10.1 Packet Tracer—Design and Implement a VLSM Addressing Scheme (Instructor Version) 310 Addressing Table 310 Objectives 310 Background / Scenario 310 Instructions 311 Requirements 311 Instructor Notes: 312 Scenario 1 - Network Address: 10.1.1.0/24 312 East 313 West 313 ES-1 313 ES-2 313 WS-1 314 WS-2 314 Scenario 2 - Network Address: 172.19.67.0/24 314 HQ 315 Remote 315 HQ-1 315 HQ-2 316 Remote-1 316 Remote-2 316 Scenario 3 - Network Address: 192.168.203.0/24 316

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