Test Bank for Analytics, Data Science, And Artificial Intelligence: Systems For Decision Support, 11th Edition

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1Analytics, Data Science, & Artificial Intelligence, 11e(Sharda)Chapter 1Overview of Business Intelligence, Analytics, Data Science, and ArtificialIntelligence: Systems for Decision Support1)In the opening case KONE has minimized downtime and shortened the repair time.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:42) Intelligent technologies are limited to small-scale projects when they include AI combinedwith IoT.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Page Ref:53)Decision making is one of the most important activitiesin organizations of all kind–probablythe most important one.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Page Ref:54) Managers historically considered decision making purely a science.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Page Ref:65) With more data and analysis technologies, more alternatives can be evaluated, forecasts can beimproved, risk analysis can be performed quickly, and the views of experts can be collectedquickly and at a reduced cost.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:86) It is generally best torely on a trial-and-errorapproach to management.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Page Ref:77) A major characteristic of computerized decision support and many BI tools (notably those ofbusiness analytics) is the inclusion of atleast one model.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:138)The definition of implementation is straightforward because implementation is a simple, directprocess with defined boundaries.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Page Ref:139) Structured problems are encountered in only unique situations.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3Page Ref:16

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210) Unstructured problems can be fully supported by standard computerized quantitativemethods.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3Page Ref:1611) During the 1990s, the primary focus of information systems support for decision makingfocused on providingstructured, periodic reports that a manager could use for decision making.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3Page Ref:2212) Decision support systems couple the intellectual resources of individuals with the capabilitiesof the computer to improve the quality of decisions. It is a computer-based support system formanagement decision makers who deal with semistructured problems.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:2213) The termdecision support systemis avery specific term that implies the same tool, system,and development approach to most developers.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3Page Ref:2314) BI systems rely on a DW as the information source for creating insight and supportingmanagerial decisions.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:2715)One of the four componentsof BI systems, business performance management, is acollection of source data in the data warehouse.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3Page Ref:2516) Analytics is the process of developingactionable decisions or recommendations for actionsbased on insights generated from historical data.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3Page Ref:3117) The use of dashboards and data visualizations is seldom effective in finding efficiencies inorganizations,as demonstrated by the Seattle Children's Hospital Case Study.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Page Ref:3218) The use of statistics in baseball by the Oakland Athletics, as described in theMoneyballbook, is an example of the effectiveness of prescriptiveanalytics.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:39

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319) Pushingprogramming out to distributed data is achieved solely by using the HadoopDistributed File System or HDFS.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Page Ref:3720) Volume, velocity, and variety of datacharacterize the Big Data paradigm.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:6021) What type of external decision-making factor are included by government policy?A) political factorsB) economic factorsC) sociological and psychological factorsD) environmental factorsAnswer: ADiff: 3Page Ref:6-722)What type of external decision-making factor arerelated to a country's market growth andfinancial conditions?A) political factorsB) economic factorsC) sociological and psychological factorsD) environmental factorsAnswer: BDiff: 3Page Ref:6-723) What type of external decision-making factor are related to a company's ecosystem?A) political factorsB) economic factorsC) sociological and psychological factorsD) environmental factorsAnswer: DDiff: 3Page Ref:6-724) Organization objectives comes in what stage of the decision-making process?A) intelligenceB) designC) choiceD) implementationAnswer: ADiff: 2Page Ref:10

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425) Setting the criteria for a choice comes in what stage of the decision-making process?A) intelligenceB)designC) choiceD) implementationAnswer: BDiff: 2Page Ref:1026) Sensitivity analysis comes in what stage of the decision-making process?A) intelligenceB) designC) choiceD) implementationAnswer: CDiff: 2Page Ref:1027) What is the conceptualization of a problem in an attempt to place it in a definable category,possibly leading to a standard solution approach?A) problem classificationB) problem decompositionC) problem ownershipD) problem designAnswer: ADiff: 2Page Ref:1228) Whatproblem-solving step is based on the understanding thatsolving the simplersubproblems may help in solving a complex problem?A) problem classificationB) problem decompositionC) problem ownershipD) problem designAnswer: BDiff: 2Page Ref:1229) In the classic decision support framework, types of decisions are broken apart into all exceptone of the following categories.A) structuredB) semistructuredC) unstructuredD) undefinedAnswer: DDiff: 2Page Ref:14-15

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530) In the classic decisionsupport framework, types of control are broken apart into all exceptone of the following categories.A) operational controlB) managerial controlC) strategic planningD)financial controlAnswer: DDiff: 2Page Ref:1531) What type of analytics answers questions like "what happened?"A) descriptiveB) predictiveC) prescriptiveD) business intelligenceAnswer: ADiff: 2Page Ref:3132) All of the followinghave contributed to the growth of decision support systems EXCEPT:A) Group communication andcollaboration.B) Improved data management.C) Anywhere, anytime support.D) Increasing costs of computer hardware.Answer: DDiff: 2Page Ref:7-933)Business intelligence (BI) can be characterized as a transformation of:A) data to information to decisions to actions.B) Big Data to data to information to decisions.C) actions to decisions to feedback to information.D) data to processing to informationto actions.Answer: ADiff: 3Page Ref:2534) Deep learning would be classified as what stage in the evolution of decision support,business intelligence, analytics & AI?A) Executive ITB) Business IntelligenceC) AnalyticsD) AutomationAnswer:DDiff: 3Page Ref:22

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635) Predictive analytics aims to:A) understand what happened in the pastB) understand why something happened in the pastC) determine whatis likely to happen in the futureD) describe what is currently occurringAnswer: CDiff: 3Page Ref:3336) What type of analytics answers questions like "what will happen?"A) descriptiveB) predictiveC) prescriptiveD) business intelligenceAnswer:BDiff: 2Page Ref:3137)What type of analytics answers questions like "what should I do?"A) descriptiveB) predictiveC) prescriptiveD) business intelligenceAnswer: CDiff: 2Page Ref:3138) When examining the analytic application of market basket analysis, which business questionis not being asked?A) What products should I combined to create a bundle offer?B) Should I combined products based on slow-moving and fast-moving characteristics?C) What customer is buying what product at what location?D) Should I create a bundle from the same category or a different category line?Answer: CDiff: 3Page Ref:4839) Which of the following statements about Big Data is true?A) Data chunks are stored in different locations on one computer.B) Hadoopis a type of processor used to process Big Data applications.C) MapReduce is a storage filing system.D) Pure Big Data systems do not involve fault tolerance.Answer: DDiff: 3Page Ref:37

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740)Big Data often involves a form of distributed storage andprocessing using Hadoop andMapReduce. One reason for this is:A) centralized storage creates too many vulnerabilities.B) the "Big" in Big Data necessitates over 10,000 processing nodes.C) the processing power needed for the centralized model would overload a single computer.D) Big Data systems have to match thegeographical spread of social media.Answer: CDiff: 3Page Ref:3741) To follow these decision-making processes, one must make sure that sufficient ________solutions, including good ones, are being considered.Answer: alternativeDiff: 2Page Ref:642) Using ________ technology, managers can access information anytime and from any place,analyze and interpret it, and communicate with those using it.Answer: wirelessDiff: 2Page Ref:843) ________ is a process of choosing among twoor more alternative courses of action for thepurpose of attaining one or more goals.Answer: Decision makingDiff: 2Page Ref:944) The ________ phase includes the selection of a proposed solution to the model (notnecessarily to the problem it represents).Answer: choiceDiff: 2Page Ref:1045) One issue with data ________ is that it is often subjective.Answer: estimationDiff: 2Page Ref:1146) The ________ phase involves putting a recommended solution to work.Answer: implementationDiff: 2Page Ref:1347) In a(n) ________ problem, the procedures for obtaining the best (or at least a good enough)solution are known.Answer:structuredDiff: 2Page Ref:1448) A(n) ________ problem such as newtechnology development is one that has very fewstructured elements.Answer: unstructuredDiff: 2Page Ref:14

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849) ________ is an umbrella term that combines architectures, tools, databases, analytical tools,applications, and methodologies.Answer:Business intelligence (BI)Diff: 2Page Ref:2550) A(n) ________ is a major component of a Business Intelligence (BI) system that holdssource data.Answer: data warehouseDiff: 2Page Ref:2551) A(n) ________ is a major component of a Business Intelligence (BI) system that is usuallybrowser based and often presents a portal or dashboard.Answer: user interfaceDiff: 2Page Ref:2052) ________ is defined as "interactive computer-based systems, which help decision makersutilize data and models to solveunstructured problems."Answer: DSSDiff: 2Page Ref:2253)________ is an umbrella term that combines architectures, tools, databases, analytical tools,applications, and methodologies. It is, like DSS, a content-free expressionAnswer:Business intelligence (BI)Diff: 2Page Ref:2554) The goal of ________ analytics is to recognize what is going on as well as the likely forecastand make decisions to achieve the best performance possible.Answer: prescriptiveDiff: 2Page Ref:3455) ________ analytics help managers understand current events in the organization includingcauses, trends, and patterns.Answer: DescriptiveDiff: 2Page Ref:3256) ________ analytics help managers understand probable future outcomes.Answer: PredictiveDiff: 2Page Ref:3357) ________ refers to data that cannot be stored in asingle storage unit and typically refers todata that come in many different forms: structured, unstructured, in a stream, and so forth.Answer: Big DataDiff: 2Page Ref:37

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958) An online retail site usually knows its customer as soon as the customer signs in, and thusthey can offer ________ pages/offerings to enhance the experience.Answer: customizedDiff: 2Page Ref:4759) AI is sometimes described as technology that can learn todo things ________ over time.Answer: betterDiff: 2Page Ref:5260) To exhibit real intelligence, machines need to perform the ________ range of humancognitive capabilities.Answer: fullDiff: 2Page Ref:5561)Describe the four step process of management decision-making.Answer: Managers usually make decisions by following a four-step process:1. Define the problem (i.e., a decision situation that may deal with some difficulty or with anopportunity).2. Construct a model that describes the real-world problem.3. Identify possible solutions to the modeled problem and evaluate the solutions.4. Compare, choose, and recommend a potential solution to the problem.Diff: 2Page Ref:662) Identify onetechnologyfor data analysis and decision support and briefly discuss its impact.Answer: Student selections and discussions will differ.Diff: 2Page Ref:7-863) Draw a model of the decision making/modeling process.Answer: Student drawings mayvary, but will closely resemble figure 1.1.Diff: 2Page Ref:10

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1064) List some of the issues involved in data collection.Answer: The following are some issues that may arise during data collection and estimation andthus plague decision makers:•Data are not available.As a result, the model is made withand relies on potentially inaccurateestimates.• Obtaining data may be expensive.• Data may not be accurate or precise enough.• Data estimation is often subjective.• Data may be insecure.• Important data thatinfluence the results may be qualitative (soft).• There may be too many data (i.e., information overload).•Outcomes (or results) may occur over an extended period. As a result, revenues, expenses, andprofits will be recorded atdifferent points in time. To overcome this difficulty, a present-valueapproach can be used if the results are quantifiable.• It isassumed that future data will be similar to historical data. If this is not the case, the natureof the change has to bepredicted and included in the analysis.Diff: 2Page Ref:1165) Describe the types of computer support that can be used for structured, semistructured, andunstructured decisions.Answer:•Structured Decisions: Structured problems, which are encountered repeatedly, have a highlevel of structure. It is therefore possible to abstract, analyze, and classify them into specificcategories and use a scientific approach for automating portions of this type of managerialdecision making.•Semistructured Decisions: Semistructured problems may involve a combination of standardsolution procedures and human judgment. Management science can provide models for theportion of a decision-making problem that is structured. For the unstructured portion, a DSS canimprove the quality of the information on which the decision is based by providing, for example,not only a single solution but also a range of alternative solutions, along with their potentialimpacts.•Unstructured Decisions:These can be only partially supported by standard computerizedquantitative methods. It is usually necessary to develop customized solutions. However, suchsolutionsmay benefit from data and information generated from corporate or external datasources.Diff: 2Page Ref:15-1666) What are the four major components of a BI system?Answer:1.Adata warehouse, with its source data;2.Business analytics, a collection of tools for manipulating, mining, and analyzing the data inthe data warehouse;3.Business performance management(BPM) for monitoring and analyzing performance; and4. Auser interface(e.g., a dashboard).Diff: 3Page Ref:26

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1167) List and describe three levels or categories of analytics that are most often viewed assequential and independent, butalso occasionally seen as overlapping.Answer:•Descriptive or reporting analyticsrefers to knowing what is happening in the organizationand understanding some underlying trends and causes of such occurrences.•Predictive analyticsaims to determinewhat is likely to happen in the future. This analysis isbased on statistical techniques as well as other more recently developed techniques that fallunder the general category of data mining.•Prescriptive analyticsrecognizes what is going on as well as the likely forecast and makedecisions to achieve the best performance possible.Diff: 3Page Ref:31-3568) List and briefly discuss the major benefits of AI.Answer: The major benefits of AI are as follows:• Significant reduction in the cost of performing work. This reduction continues over time whilethe cost of doing the same work manually increases with time.• Work can be performed much faster.• Work is consistent in general, more consistent than human work.• Increased productivity andprofitability as well as a competitive advantage are the major driversof AI.Diff: 3Page Ref:5269)Describe and define Big Data. Why is a search engine a Big Data application?Answer:•Big Data is data that cannot be stored in a single storage unit. Big Data typically refers to datathat is arriving in many different forms,be they structured, unstructured, or in a stream. Majorsources of such data are clickstreams from Web sites, postings on social media sites such asFacebook, or data fromtraffic, sensors, or weather.• A Web search engine such as Google needs to search and index billions of Web pages in orderto give you relevant search results in a fraction of a second. Although this is not done in realtime, generating an index of all the Web pages on the Internet is not an easy task.Diff: 3Page Ref:3770) Select ananalytic application and discuss its related business questions and business values(hint: see table 1.1)Answer: Student selection of applications will vary, but good details on the questions and valuesare found in table 1.1.Diff: 2Page Ref:48

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1Analytics, Data Science, & Artificial Intelligence, 11e(Sharda)Chapter 2Artificial Intelligence Concepts, Drivers, Major Technologies, andBusiness Applications1) The INRIX case illustrates to us how the collection and analysis of a selected subsetofinformation can improve vehicles' mobility in large cities.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Page Ref:762) Many experts agree that AI is concerned with two basic ideas: (1) the study of human thoughtprocesses (to understand what intelligence is) and (2)therepresentation and duplication of thosethought processes in machines.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:763) A well-known early application of artificial intelligence was the chess program hosted atIBM's supercomputer (Deep Blue).Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:764) Most of the existing AI applications, which are between assisted and autonomous, are referredto as directed intelligence.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Page Ref:825) The Garner Test is a well-known attempt to measure theintelligence level ofAI machines.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3Page Ref:856) AI machines have demonstrated superiority over humans in playing complex games such aschess.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:847) Intelligent agents do not have the ability to learn by using and expanding the knowledgeembedded in them.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3Page Ref:878) Intelligent agents are effective tools for overcoming the most critical burden of the Internetinformation overload and making computers more viable decision support tools.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:879) Routine decisions are more likely to be fully automated, especially if they are simple.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:96

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210) Beginning in 2015, researchers recognized the opportunity of using AI for supporting thedecision-making process and for completely automating decision making.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Page Ref:9511) The process of automated decision-making starts with knowledge refinement.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3Page Ref:9412) Accountants use of AI, including bots and professional routines, has increased.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:99-10013) Advancementsin AI are improving several areas in the insurance industry, mostly in issuingpolicies and handling claims.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:10314) AIin banking help banks improve only their back-office operations.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Page Ref:10215) After the initial hire, training and retraining employees is generally unimportant.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1Page Ref:10516) Wislow sees the use ofAI as a continuation of automation that supports HRM and keepschanging it.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1Page Ref:10517) The use of chatbots in HRM is increasing rapidly. Their ability to provide currentinformation to employees anytime is a major reason.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:10618) AI can help in predicting the impact of different customer service options using ad targeting.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2Page Ref:10719) NLP can be used for generating user documentation.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:108

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320) AI can be used to mimic the experience of in-store sales people.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2Page Ref:11021) Which of the following is not listed inGartner's 2016 and 2017 Hype Cycles for EmergingTechnologies?A) natural language questions and answeringB) CRM systemsC) virtualpersonal assistantsD) IoT platformsAnswer: BDiff: 3Page Ref:7622) Which of the following is not a foundationof AI?A) neurologyB) IoTC) intelligent agentsD) statisticsAnswer: CDiff: 3Page Ref:7723) Whichof the following is not a technology or application of AI?A) speech understandingB) linguisticsC) machine learningD) smart homesAnswer: BDiff: 3Page Ref:7724) Which of the following is not a limitation of AIW?A) lack human touch and feelB) lack attention to non-task surroundingsC) AI optimizes knowledge workD) can be programmed to create destructionAnswer: CDiff: 2PageRef:8125) In which area below does AI not have an advantage over human?A) computational speedB) consistencyC) emotional understandingD) durabilityAnswer: CDiff: 2Page Ref:84

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426) Which of the following universities is not actively studying the IQ of AI?A) University of IllinoisB) Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC) Stanford UniversityD) Portland UniversityAnswer: DDiff: 2Page Ref:8527) Which of the following strives to have computers produce ordinary spoken language sothatpeople can understand the computers more easily?A) natural language processingB) natural language generationC) natural language understandingD) intelligent agentsAnswer: BDiff: 3Page Ref:9228) For many intelligent systems to work, it is necessary for them to have knowledge. Theprocess of acquiring this knowledge is referred to as:A) natural intelligence processing.B) deep learning.C) knowledge acquisition.D) knowledge representation.Answer: CDiff: 3Page Ref:9329) This type of algorithm is necessary for making large-scale decisions, but may be difficult dueto difficulties in measuring costs, risks, and benefits.A) problem identificationB) decision nature identificationC) method of least squaresD) cost-benefit and risk analysesAnswer: DDiff: 3Page Ref:9630) Which of the following is not a prediction of the effect of AI on accountants?A) AI and analytics will automate many routine tasks done today by accountantsB) many accountants may lose their jobC) accountants will need to manage AI-based accounting systemsD) AI will drive changes in the tax codeAnswer: DDiff: 3Page Ref:101

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