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Test Bank for Analytics, Data Science, And Artificial Intelligence: Systems For Decision Support, 11th Edition

Test Bank for Analytics, Data Science, And Artificial Intelligence: Systems For Decision Support, 11th Edition is the key to mastering your exam with practice questions, answers, and expert strategies.

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    1 Analytics, Data Science, & Artificial Intelligence, 11e (Sharda) Chapter 1 Overview of Business Intelligence, Analytics, Data Science, and Artificial Intelligence: Systems for Decision Support 1) In the opening case KONE has minimized downtime and short ened the repair time. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 2) Intelligent technologies are limited to small - scale projects when they include AI combined with IoT. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 3) Decision making is one of the most important a ctivities in organizations of all kind – probably the most important one. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 4) Managers historically considered decision making purely a science. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 5) With more data and analysis t echnologies, more al ternatives can be evaluated, forecasts can be improved, risk analysis can be performed quickly, and the views of experts can be collected quickly and at a reduced cost. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 6) It is generally best to rely on a trial - and - error approach to management. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 7) A major characteristic of computerized decision support and many BI tools (notably those of business analytics) is the inclusion of at least one model. Answer: T RUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 8) T he definition of implementation is straightforward because implementation is a simple, direct process with defined boundaries. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 9) Structured problems are encountered in only uniqu e situations. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16

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    2 10) Unstructured problems can be fully supported by standard computerized quantitative methods. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16 11) During the 1990s, the primary focus of information system s support for decision making focused on providing structured, periodic reports that a manager could use for decision making. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 22 12) Decision support systems couple the intellectual resources of individuals with the c apabilities of the computer to improve the quality of d ecisions. It is a computer - based support system for management decision makers who deal with semistructured problems. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22 13) The term decision support system is a very specific term that implies the same tool, system, and d evelopment approach to most developers. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 23 14) BI systems rely on a DW as the information source for creating insight and supporting managerial decisions. An swer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 15) One of the four components of BI systems, business performance management, is a collection of source data in the data warehouse. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 25 16) Analytics is the process of developing actionable decisions or recommendations for act ions based on insights gene rated from historical data. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 31 17) The use of dashboards and data visualizations is seldom effective in finding efficiencies in organizations, as demonstrated by the Seattle Children's Hospital Ca se Study. Answer: FALSE Di ff: 2 Page Ref: 32 18) The use of statistics in baseball by the Oakland Athletics, as described in the Moneyball book, is an example of the effectiveness of prescriptive analytics. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 39

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    3 19) Pushing programming out to distri buted data is achieved solely by using the Hadoop Distributed File System or HDFS. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 20) Volume, velocity, and variety of data characterize the Big Data paradigm. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 60 21) What type of exter nal decision - making factor are included by government policy? A) political factors B) economic factors C) sociological and psychological factors D) environm ental factors Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 - 7 22) What type of external decision - making factor are related to a country's market growth and financial conditions? A) political factors B) economic factors C) sociological and psychological factors D) e nvironmental factors Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 - 7 23 ) What type of external decision - making factor a re related to a company's ecosystem? A) political factors B) economic factors C) sociological and psychological factors D) environmental factors A nswer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 - 7 24) Organization objectives c omes in what stage of the decision - making proces s? A) intelligence B) design C) choice D) implementation Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10

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    4 25) Setting the criteria for a choice comes i n what stage of the decision - making process? A) intelligence B) design C) choice D) implementation Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 26) Sensitivity analysis comes in what stage of the decision - making process? A) intelligence B) design C) choice D) imp lementation Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 27) What is the conceptu alization of a problem in an attempt to place it in a de finable category, possibly leading to a standard solution approach? A) problem classification B) problem decomposition C) prob lem ownership D) problem design Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 28) What problem - solving step is based on the understanding that solving the simpler subproblems may help in solving a complex problem? A) problem classification B) problem decomposition C) problem ownership D) problem design Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 29) In the classic decision support framework, types of decisi ons are broken apart into all except one of the following categories. A) structured B) semistructured C) unstructure d D) undefined Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 - 15

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    5 30) In the classic decision support framework, types of control are broken apart into al l except one of the following categories. A) operational control B) managerial control C) strategic planning D) financial control Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 31) What type of analytics answe rs questions like "what happened?" A) descriptive B) predicti ve C) prescriptive D) business intelligence Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 32) All of the following have contributed to the growth of decision support systems EXCEPT: A) Group communication and collaboration. B) Improved data management. C) Anywhere, any time support. D) Increasing costs of computer hardware. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 - 9 33) Bu siness intelligence (BI) can be characterized as a transformation of: A) data to information to decisions to actions. B) Big Data to data to information to deci sions. C) actions to decisions to feedback to information. D) data to processing to informatio n to actions. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 25 34) Deep learning would be classified as what stage in the evolution of decision support, business intelligence, an alytics & AI? A) Executive IT B) Business Intelligence C) Analytics D) Automation Answer: D D iff: 3 Page Ref: 22

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    6 35) Predictive analytics aims to: A) understand what happened in the past B) understand why something happened in the past C) determine what is likely to happen in the future D) describe what is currently occurring Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 33 36) What type of analytics answers questions like "what will happen?" A) descriptive B) predictive C) prescriptive D) business intelligence Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 37) What type of analytics answers questions like " what should I do?" A) descriptive B) predictive C) prescriptive D) business intelligence Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 38) When examining the analytic application of market bask et analysis, which business q uestion is not being asked? A) What produc ts should I combined to create a bundle offer? B) Should I combined products based on slow - moving and fast - moving characteristics? C) What customer is buying what product at what locati on? D) Should I create a bund le from the same category or a different c ategory line? Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 48 39) Which of the following statements about Big Data is true? A) Data chunks are stored in different locations on one computer. B) Hadoop is a type of processor used t o process Big Data applications. C) M apReduce is a storage filing system. D) Pure Big Data systems do not involve fault tolerance. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 37

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    7 40) Big Data often involves a form of distributed storage and processing using Hadoop and MapReduce. One reason for this is : A) centralized storage creates too many vulnerabilities. B) the "Big" in Big Data necessitates over 10,000 processing nodes. C) the pro cessing power needed for the centralized model would overl oad a single computer. D) Big Data systems have to match the geographical spread of social media. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 37 41) To follow these decision - making processes, one must make sure t hat sufficient ________ solutions, including good ones, ar e being considered. Answer: alternative Diff: 2 Pa ge Ref: 6 42) Using ________ technology, managers can access information anytime and from any place, analyze and interpret it, and communicate wit h those using it. Answer: wireless Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 4 3) ________ is a process of choosing among two or more alternative courses of action for the purpose of attaining one or more goals. Answer: Decision making Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9 44) The ________ ph ase includes the selection of a proposed solution to the m odel (not necessarily to the problem it r epresents). Answer: choice Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 45) One issue with data ________ is that it is often subjective. Answer: estimation Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 46) The ________ phase involves putting a recommended solu tion to work. Answer: implemen tation Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 47) In a(n) ________ problem, the procedures for obtaining the best (or at least a good enough) solution are known. Answer: structured Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 48) A(n) ________ problem such as new technology developmen t is one that has very few structured elements. Answer: unstructured Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14

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    8 49) ________ is an umbrella term that combines architectures, tools, da tabases, analytical tools, applications, and methodologies. Answer: Bus iness intelligen ce (BI) Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25 50) A(n) ________ is a major component of a Business Intelligence (BI) system that holds source data. Answer: data warehouse Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25 51) A(n) ________ is a major component of a Business Intellige nce (B I) system that is usually browser based and often presents a portal or dashboard. Answer: user interface Diff: 2 Page Ref: 20 52) ________ is defined as "interactive computer - b ased systems, which help decision makers utilize data and models to solv e unstructured problems." Answer: DSS Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22 53) ________ is an umbrella term that combines architectures, tools, databases, analytical tools, applications, and methodologies. It is, like DSS, a content - free expression Answer: Busines s in telligence (BI) Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25 54) The goal of ________ ana lytics is to recognize what is going on as well as the likely forecast and make decisions to achieve the best performance possible. Answer: prescriptive Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34 55) ________ a nalytics help managers understand current events in the organizati on including causes, trends, and patterns. Answer: Descriptive Diff: 2 Page Ref: 32 56) ________ analytics help managers understand probable future outcomes. Answer: Pr edictive Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 57) ________ refers to data that cannot be stored in a single storage unit and typically refers to data that come in many different forms: structured, unstructured, in a stream, and so forth. Answer: Big Data Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37

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    9 58) An onli ne retail site usually knows its customer as soon as the customer s igns in, and thus they can offer ________ pages/offerings to enhance the experience. Answer: customized Diff: 2 Page Ref: 47 59) AI is sometimes describe d as technology that can learn to do things ________ over time. Answer: better Diff: 2 Page Ref: 52 60) To exhibit real intelligence, machines need to perform the ________ range of human cognitive capabilities. Answer: full Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 5 61) Describe the four step process of man agement decision - making. Answer: Managers usually make decisions by following a four - step process: 1. Define the problem (i.e., a decision situation that may deal with some difficulty or with an opportunity). 2 . Const ruct a model that describes the real - world problem. 3. Identify possible solutions to the modeled problem and evaluate the solutions. 4. Compare, choose, and recommend a potential solution to the problem. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 62) Identify one technology for data analysis and decision suppor t and briefly discuss its impact. Answer: Student selections and discussions will differ. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 - 8 63) Draw a model of the decision making/modeling process. Answer: Student drawings may vary, but will cl osely resemble figure 1.1. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10

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    10 64) List some of the issues involved in data collection. Answer: The following are some issues that may arise during data collection and estimation and thus plague decision makers: • Data are not available. As a result, the model is made with and relies on potentially inaccurate estimates. • Obtaining data may be expensive. • Data may not be accurate or precise enough. • Data estimation is often subjective. • Data may be insecure. • Important data that influence the results may be qualita tive (soft). • There may be too many data (i.e., information overload). • Outcomes (or results) may occur over an extended period. As a result, revenues, expenses, and profits will be recorded at different points in time. To overcome this difficulty, a p resent - value approach can be used if the results are quantifiable. • It is assumed that future data will be similar to historical data. If this is not the case, the nature of the change has to be predicted and included in the analysis. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11 65) Describe the types of computer support that can be used for structu red, semistructured, and unstructured decisions. Answ er: • Structured Decisions : Structured problems, which are enc ountered repeatedly, have a high level of structure. It is there fore possible to abstract, analyze, and classify them into specific categori es and use a scientific approach for automating portions of this type of managerial decision making. • Semistructure d Decisions : Semistructured problems may involve a combination o f standard solution procedures and human judgment. Management science can pr ovide models for the portion of a decision - making problem that is structured. For the unstructured portion, a DSS ca n improve the quality of the information on which the decision i s based by providing, for example, not only a single solution but also a ran ge of alternative solutions, along with their potential impacts. • Unstructured Decisions : These can be only partial ly supported by standard computerized quantitative methods. It i s usually necessary to develop customized solutions. However, such solutions may benefit from data and information generated from corporate or external data sources. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 - 16 66) What are the four major components of a BI system? Answer: 1. A data warehouse , with its source data; 2. Business analytics , a collecti on of tools for manipulating, mining, and analyzing the data in the data warehouse; 3. Business performance m anagement ( BPM ) for monitoring and analyzing performance; and 4. A u ser interface (e.g., a dashboard). Diff: 3 Page Ref: 26

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    11 67) List and describ e three levels or categories of analytics that are most often viewed as sequential and independent, but also occasionally seen as overlapping. Answer: • Descriptive or reportin g analytics refers to knowing what is happening in the organization and underst anding some underlying trends and causes of such occurrences. • Predictive analytics aims to determine what is likely to happen in the future. This analysis is based on statisti cal techniques as well as other more recently developed techniques that fall un der the general category of data mining. • Prescriptive analytics recognizes what is going on as well a s the likely forecast and make decisions to achieve the best performance p ossible. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 31 - 35 68) List and briefly discuss the major benefi ts of AI. Answer: The major benefits of AI are as follows: • Significant reduction in the cost o f performing work. This reduction continues over time while the cost of doing t he same work manually increases with time. • Work can be performed much faster . • Work is consistent in general, more consistent than human work. • Increased productivity and profitability as well as a competitive advantage are the major drivers of AI. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 52 69) Describe and define Big Data. Why is a search engine a Big Data application? Answer: • Big Data is data that cannot be stored in a single storag e unit. Big Data typically refers to data that is arriving in many different forms, be they structured, unstruc tured, or in a stream. Major sources of such data are clickstreams from Web sites, postings on social media sites such as Facebook, or data from traffic, sensors, or weather. • A Web search engine such as Google needs to search a nd index billions of Web pa ges in order to give you relevant search results in a fraction of a second. Although this is not done in real time, generating an index of all th e Web pages on the Internet is not an easy task. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 37 70) Select an analytic application and d iscuss its related business questions and business values (hint: see table 1.1) Answer: Student selection of applications will vary, but go od details on the questions and values are found in table 1.1. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 48

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    1 Analytics, Data Science, & Artificial Intelligence, 11e (Sharda) Chapter 2 Artificial Intelligence Concepts, Drivers, Major Technologies, and Business Applications 1) The INRIX case illustrates to us how the collection and analysis of a selected subset of information can improve vehicles' mobility in large cities. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 76 2) Many experts agree that AI is concerned with two basic ideas: (1) the study of human thought processes (to understand what intelligence is) and (2) the representation and duplication of those thought processes in machines. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 76 3) A well - known early application of artificial intelligence was the chess program hosted at IBM's supercomputer (Deep Blue). Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 76 4) Most of the existing AI applications, which are between assisted and autonomous, are referred to as directed intelligence. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 82 5) The Garner Test is a well - known attempt to measure the in telligence level of AI machines. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 85 6) AI machines have demonstrated superiority over humans in playing complex games such as chess. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 84 7) Intelligent agents do not have the abili ty to l earn by using and expan ding the knowledge embedded in them. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 87 8) Intelligent agents are effective tools for overcoming the most critical burden of the Internet information overload and making computers more vi able decisio n support tools. Answer : TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 87 9) Routine decisions are more likely to be fully automated, especially if they are simple. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 96

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    2 10) Beginning in 2015, researchers recognized the oppo rtunity of using AI fo r supporting the decisi on - making process and for completely automating decision making. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 95 11) The process of automated decision - making starts with knowledge refinement. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 94 12) Accountants use of AI, including b ots and professional routines, has increased. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 99 - 100 13) Advancements in AI are improving several areas in the insurance industry, mostly in issuing policies and h andling claims. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 103 14) AI in banking help banks improve only their back - office operations. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 102 15) After the initial hire, training and retraining employees is generally unimport ant. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 105 16) Wislow sees the use of AI as a continuation of automation that supports HRM and keeps changing it. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 105 17) The use of chatbots in HRM is increasing rapidly. Their abi lity to provide current information to employees anytime is a major reason. Answ er: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 106 18) AI can help in predicting the impact of different customer service options using ad targeting. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 1 07 19) NLP can be used for generating user documentation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 108

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    3 20) AI can be used to mimi c the experience of in - store sales people. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 110 21) Which of the following is not listed in Gartner's 2016 and 2017 Hype Cycles for Emerging Technologies? A) natural language questions and an swering B) CRM systems C) virtual personal assistants D) IoT platforms Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 76 22) Which of the following is not a foundation of AI? A) neurology B) IoT C) intelligent agents D) statistics Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 77 23) Which of the following is not a technology or application of AI? A) speech understanding B) linguistics C) machine learning D) smart homes Answer: B D iff: 3 Page Ref: 77 24) Which of the following is not a limitation of AIW? A) lack human touch and f eel B) la ck attention to non - task surroundings C) AI optimizes knowledge work D) can be programmed to create destruction Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 81 25) In which area below does AI not have an advantage over human? A) computational speed B) consistenc y C) emot ional understanding D) durability Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 84

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    4 26) Which of the following universities is not actively studyin g the IQ of AI? A) University of Illinois B) Massachusetts Institute of Technology C) Stanford University D) Portlan d Univers ity Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 85 27) Which of the following strives to have computers produce ordinary spoken language so that people can understand the computers more easily? A) natural language processing B) natural language generation C) natural lan guage understanding D) intelligent ag ents Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 92 28) For many intelligent systems to work, it i s necessary for them to have knowledge. The process of acquiring this knowledge is referred to as: A) natural intelligence processing. B) deep learning. C) knowledge acquis ition. D) knowledge representation. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 93 29) This t ype of algorithm is necessary for making large - scale decisions, but may be difficult due to difficulties in measuring costs, risks, and bene fits. A) problem identification B) de cision nature identification C) method of least squares D) cost - benefit and ris k analyses Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 96 30) Which of the following is not a prediction of the effect of AI on accountants? A) AI and ana lytics will automate many routine tas ks done today by accountants B) many accountants may lose their job C) acc ountants will need to manage AI - based accounting systems D) AI will drive changes in the tax code Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 101

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