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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Document preview page 1

2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 1

Document preview content for 2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions)

2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions)

2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers prepares you for any challenge by offering real past exam papers.

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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 1 preview imageFinalExam: MSN570/ MSN 570 (New2023/2024) Advanced Pathophysiology ExamGuide|CompleteReviewwithQuestions andVerified Answers| 100% CorrectQUESTIONAnemia of Chronic Disease/Inflammation (ACD)Answer:The second most common anemia, after iron deficiency anemia. The anemia is caused by manydifferent chronic diseases or inflammation (e.g., cancer, chronic kidney disease, congestive heartfailure, and infections).QUESTIONAplastic AnemiaAnswer:A rare but serious type of anemia that is a result of the bone marrow failing to producemultipotent hematopoietic stem cell precursors. This leads to a lack of erythrocytes, leukocytes,and platelets, which is referred to as pancytopenia.QUESTIONB12Answer:Requisite for RBC production. Low levels: deficiency. High levels: liver disease;myeloproliferative disorders.QUESTIONBasophil
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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 2 preview image
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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 3 preview imageAnswer:Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear. Description: Slightly smaller than neutrophil; contains large,purple cytoplasmic granules; bilobed nucleusConcentration (number of cells/mm): 20-50Life span: A few hours to a few daysFunction: Releases histamine during inflammation.QUESTIONBloodAnswer:Both a viscous fluid and a connective tissue. It accomplishes its functions through its variouscomponents—the plasma (liquid protein), leukocytes (white blood cells), erythrocytes (red bloodcells), and thrombocytes (platelets).QUESTIONBurkitt LymphomaAnswer:Type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Origin: B lymphocytes. Most linked to EBV.Epidemiology, U.S.: 40%; More common in males; Age 5-10 years; peak 4-6 yearsCommon clinical presentation: Abdominal mass, pain, nausea, vomiting, & change in bowelpatterns. Rapid growing head and neck lymphadenopathySpecial notes: One of the most aggressive fast-growing cancers. Cases in Africa account foralmost all NHL. Over 50% of childhood cancers develop in the jaw or other facial bones.QUESTIONDisseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)Answer:Complex, acquired disorder in which clotting and hemorrhage simultaneously occur
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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 4 preview imageQUESTIONEosinophilAnswer:Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear. white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associatedwith allergic reactions; Phagocytizes antigen-antibody complex; attacks parasitesQUESTIONEpoetin and DarbepoetinAnswer:synthetic versions of erythropoietin (EPO). Synthetic EPO is used in some anemias such as thosecaused by chronic renal failure or chemotherapy.; 2 ESAs used in tx of anemia in cancerQUESTIONErythrocytesAnswer:red blood cells; Disk-shaped cells that carry oxygen to tissues and transport carbon dioxide outof the tissues for its subsequent removal from the body. Erythrocytes contain proteins such ashemoglobin, which binds to oxygen, giving blood its red color. The brighter the shade of red, themore the blood is saturated with oxygen. Hematocrit refers to how much of the blood volumecomprises erythrocytes.QUESTIONErythropoietin (EPO)Answer:hormone (growth factor) secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells bybone marrowQUESTION
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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 5 preview imageExtrinsic Pathway of Blood CoagulationAnswer:A cascade of enzymatic reactions resulting in blood clotting and is done with the addition ofinjured tissue cells (outside of body, thus extrinsic). Also called The Tissue Factor Pathway.QUESTIONFerritinAnswer:iron storage proteinQUESTIONFolateAnswer:Requisite for RBC production Low: deficiency; B9QUESTIONFolic AcidAnswer:a water-soluble B vitamin is eliminated in urine, and a small quantity (0.5 to 20 mg) is stored inthe body.QUESTIONHematocrit (Hct)Answer:Percent of intact RBCs in whole blood Low: anemia High: polycythemiaNormal levels:• Females 37-47%
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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 6 preview image• Males 42-52%; levels slightly increased in elderlyQUESTIONHematopoiesisAnswer:blood cell formation, occurs primarily in the bone marrow.QUESTIONHemoglobinAnswer:iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cellsQUESTIONHemophiliaAnswer:An X-linked recessive disorder in which blood fails to clot properly, leading to excessivebleeding if injured, can involve a deficiency or abnormality of clotting factor VIII.QUESTIONHemostasisAnswer:to stop or control bleedingQUESTIONHepcidin
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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 7 preview imageAnswer:A protein in the liver that tightly regulates dietary iron uptake and transport in several placessuch as the duodenum, liver, or spleen.QUESTIONImmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)Answer:a hypocoagulopathy state resulting from the immune system destroying its own platelets(autoimmunity).QUESTIONIntrinsic pathway of blood clottingAnswer:A cascade reaction resulting in the formation of a fibrin clot through a process that doesn'trequire the participation of substances extrinsic to the blood; a more complex and slower seriesof reactions, occurring over several minutes of trauma, that is activated by chemicals that areeither in direct contact with blood or contained within the bloodQUESTIONHyperkalemiaAnswer:excessive potassium in the blood; manifestations include:Neuromuscular: Paresthesias Muscle cramps Weakness/fatigue Hyperreflexia Flaccid paralysis(later) AnxietyCardiovascular: Electrocardiogram (EKG) changes and dysrhythmias (delayed conduction—bradyarrhythmias/asystole)Respiratory: Respiratory depression/arrest—diaphragm weaknessGastrointestinal Nausea/vomiting Diarrhea Cramping
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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 8 preview imageQUESTIONHypokalemiaAnswer:deficient potassium in the blood; manifestations include:Neuromuscular: Paresthesias, Muscle cramps, Weakness/fatigue, Hyporeflexia, Flaccidparalysis, Confusion/depressionCardiovascular: Hypotension, Weak, irregular pulse EKG changes and dysrhythmias(Ventricular fibrillation), Cardiac arrestGastrointestinal: Nausea/vomiting, Constipation, Distention and ileusQUESTIONcolloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)Answer:an inward pulling force caused by blood proteins (mainly albumin) that helps move fluid fromthe interstitial area back into capillariesQUESTIONECFAnswer:extracellular fluid, rich in sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. The intravascular space iscomposed of plasma.QUESTIONElectrolytesAnswer:Help maintain the body's fluid balance. Minerals with electrical charges found in the blood,urine, and other body fluids. They include sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium,and phosphorus.
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2023-2024 MSN570 Pathophysiology Final Exam With Answers (113 Solved Questions) - Page 9 preview imageQUESTIONHydrostatic pressureAnswer:created by water, pushes water awayQUESTIONHypercalcemiaAnswer:Excessive calcium in the blood.Symptoms: 50% asymptomatic-> renal (polyuria, thirst, stones, nephrocalcinosis/deposition ofcalcium crystals in kidney, may lead to renal failure), musculoskeletal (muscle weakness, rarelydemineralization and subperiosteal bone resorption with bone cysts-> osteitis fibrosa cystica),neurological (psychiatric/neurological symptoms-> anxiety/depression/confusion/drowsiness),gastrointestinal (anorexia, constipation and ulcersQUESTIONhypercalcemia causesAnswer:HyperparathyroidismMalignant bone diseaseProlonged immobilizationExcess calcium supplementationQUESTIONHypernatremiaAnswer:High serum sodium levels (greater than 145 mEq/L). The excessive sodium levels generally leadto high serum osmolality (greater than 295 mOsm/kg) because of the imbalance between sodium
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Document Details

University
United States University
Course
MSN 570
Subject
Medicine

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