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Cardiovascular 2 Handout

Overview of mitral and aortic valve function, valve disorders (stenosis/regurgitation), symptoms, and treatments including meds, valvuloplasty, and prosthetic valve options with nursing considerations like anticoagulation and infection prevention.

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    •' S.RHO Mitral/Aortic Valves and Valve Replacement/Repair Normal Blood flow through the heart: Right Atrium -> R Ventricle -> Lungs -> Left Atria Left Ventride Aorta Diastole: ventricles fill Systole ventrides empty Valves: Tricuspid: blood goes from R atria -> R ventricle Pulmonic blood goes from Right ventricle lungs Mitral: blood goes from Lungs/Left Atria Left ventricle Aortic blood goes from Left ventricle - body Murmur inappropriately functioning valve Mitral valve: sits between left atria and left ventricle Systole: Should be closed during systole, if it doesn't close, we deal with regurgitation Diastole: Should be open during diastole, if it does not open enough, we deal with stenosis Aortic valve: sits in left ventricle, the valve that opens into the aorta, allows blood to go to body Systole: should be open during systole, if it doesn't open, we deal with stenosis Diastole: should be dosed during diastole, if it doesn't close, we deal with regurgitation Stenosis: Valve is not opening when it should Regurgitation: Valve is not dosing when it should Treatment for Valvular Disease: • No treatment is required for asymptomatic patients • Therapy: symptom relief, restore vaIve function o BB and CCB may be used for rate control o Diuretics to reduce preload o Ace Inhibitors to reduce workload of the heart • VaI vulo pla sty: re pai r of cardlac va I ve o can be done percutaneously or surgically • Prosthetic valve replacement: both types need prophylactic abx for dental procedures o Mechanical: Do not deteriorate or become infected as easily, but are thrombogenic and require life-long anticoagulation therapy. ■ International normalized ratio (INR) to be monitored in the weeks following o Tissue: higher risk for recurrent infections, only need to be on anticoagulants for 3-6 months. ■ may be used more in older adult populations, noncompliant, or someone contraindicated in the use of anticoagulants.

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