The Human Body in Health and Disease 6th Edition Test Bank

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Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the BodyTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which word is derived from the Greek word meaning “cutting up”?A.dissectionC.pathologyB.physiologyD.anatomyANS:DPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 3TOP:Introduction2.Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts?A.dissectionC.pathologyB.physiologyD.anatomyANS:BPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 6TOP:Introduction3.Which word is defined as the scientific study of disease?A.dissectionC.pathologyB.physiologyD.anatomyANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 6TOP:Introduction4.CellsA.are more complex than tissuesB.are the first level of organization in the bodyC.are the smallest living units of structure and function in the bodyD.both B and CANS:CPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 8TOP:Structural levels of organization5.A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n)A.moleculeC.tissueB.organD.organismANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 8TOP:Structural levels of organization6.The heart is an example of a(n)A.organC.organismB.tissueD.systemANS:APTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 8TOP:Structural levels of organization7.The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are

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A.cell→chemical→organ→tissue→systemB.tissue→cell→chemical→organ→systemC.chemical→tissue→cell→organ→systemD.chemical→cell→tissue→organ→systemANS:DPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization8.When using directional terms to describe the body, it is assumed that the body is in whatposition?A.supineC.lateralB.anatomicalD.proneANS:BPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical position9.The supine positionA.describes the body lying face upB.is also called anatomical positionC.describes the body lying face downD.both A and BANS:APTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical position10.The prone positionA.describes the body lying face upB.is also called the anatomical positionC.describes the body lying face downD.both B and CANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical position11.Because humans walk upright, the termdorsalcan be used in place of the termA.inferiorC.anteriorB.posteriorD.distalANS:BPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction12.The opposite term forposteriorin humans isA.superiorC.ventralB.anteriorD.both B and CANS:DPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction13.The opposite term forsuperficialisA.deepC.posteriorB.inferiorD.medial

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ANS:APTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Anatomical direction14.The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a _____ section.A.frontalC.coronalB.sagittalD.transverseANS:BPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections15.The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a _____ section.A.frontalC.midsagittalB.sagittalD.transverseANS:APTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections16.A section that divides the body into mirror images is a _____ section.A.frontalC.midsagittalB.coronalD.transverseANS:CPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections17.The two major body cavities are calledA.thoracic and abdominalC.dorsal and ventralB.thoracic and pelvicD.mediastinum and pleuralANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Body cavities18.The liver can be found in theA.upper right quadrantC.hypogastric regionB.epigastric regionD.both A and BANS:DPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 11TOP:Body cavities19.The word “leg” correctly describes theA.area from the hip to the footC.area between the hip and the kneeB.area from the knee to the ankleD.femoral areaANS:BPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 13TOP:Body regions20.The human body tries to maintain a constant body temperature. This is an example ofA.homeostasisC.an effectorB.a positive feedback loopD.a sensorANS:APTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 15TOP:The balance of body functions

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21.The part of a feedback loop that has the direct effect on the regulated condition is calledA.homeostasisC.the sensorB.the effectorD.the control centerANS:BPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions22.The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is calledA.homeostasisC.the sensorB.the effectorD.the control centerANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 15TOP:The balance of body functions23.The part of the feedback loop that compares the present condition to the homeostaticcondition the body is trying to maintain is calledA.homeostasisC.the sensorB.the effectorD.the control centerANS:DPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 15TOP:The balance of body functions24.When your body temperature drops below normal, your muscles begin to contract rapidly,making you shiver and generating heat. In this case your muscles are acting as theA.sensorC.control centerB.effectorD.both A and CANS:BPTS:1DIF:SynthesisREF:Page 15TOP:The balance of body functions25.Which of the following body functions is an example of a positive feedback loop?A.maintaining a pH of 7.45 in the bodyB.forming a blood clotC.uterine contractions during laborD.both B and CANS:DPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions26.The level of organization directly below the organ level is the _____ level.A.systemC.tissueB.cellularD.chemicalANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization27.Which of these terms cannot be applied to a body in the anatomical position?A.dorsalC.supineB.posteriorD.both A and BANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical position

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28.Which term meanstoward the head?A.anteriorC.superficialB.superiorD.ventralANS:BPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction29.Which describes the anatomical relationship of the wrist to the elbow?A.The elbow is proximal to the wrist.B.The elbow is distal to the wrist.C.The elbow is superficial to the wrist.D.The elbow is lateral to the wrist.ANS:APTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction30.A coronal plane or section is another term for a _____ plane.A.sagittalC.transverseB.midsagittalD.frontalANS:DPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes of body sections31.The muscular sheet called the diaphragm divides theA.right and left pleural cavitiesB.thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavitiesC.abdominal and pelvic cavitiesD.thoracic cavity and mediastinumANS:BPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Body cavities32.Which is not a part of the upper abdominopelvic region?A.right hypochondriac regionB.epigastric regionC.hypogastric regionD.All of the above are part of the upper abdominopelvic region.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 11TOP:Body cavitiesTRUE/FALSE1.Anatomy is defined as the study of the structure of an organism.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 3TOP:Introduction2.The word “dissection” comes from Greek words meaning “cutting up.”

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ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 3TOP:Introduction3.Anatomy deals with the study of structure, whereas physiology deals with the study offunction.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 3 | Page 6TOP:Introduction4.Pathology is the scientific study of disease.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 6TOP:Introduction5.A protein molecule is considered to be at the cellular level of organization.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:AnalysisREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization6.The cell is the simplest level of organization in the human body.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization7.Cells are considered to be the smallest living unit of structure and function in the body.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 8TOP:Structural levels of organization8.A group of cells working together to perform a specific function is called an organ.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 8TOP:Structural levels of organization9.A group of several different tissues working together to perform a specific function is calledan organ.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 8TOP:Structural levels of organization10.The organ is the highest level of organization in the human body.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization11.Anatomical position is the reference position for the directional terms of the body.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical position

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12.If you like to sleep on your stomach, you prefer sleeping in the supine position.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical position13.Doctors recommend putting babies to sleep on their backs to help prevent breathingproblems. This is the supine position.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical position14.The anatomical position can be described as the body being erect with the arms held atshoulder level with the palms of the hands facing down.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical position15.The ankle is inferior to the knee.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction16.Dorsal and anterior are interchangeable terms when referring to humans.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction17.The lungs are medial to the heart.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction18.The elbow is proximal to the wrist.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction19.The skin is superficial to the muscles.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 10TOP:Anatomical direction20.Proximal and medial are opposite terms.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction21.The knee is distal to the ankle.

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ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction22.The middle toe is medial to the big toe but lateral to the smallest toe.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction23.Frontal and coronal sections refer to the same thing.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections24.Sagittal and midsagittal sections refer to the same thing.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections25.A plane dividing a body into upper and lower portions is a transverse plane.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections26.A plane dividing the body into front and back portions is a sagittal plane.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections27.A midsagittal plane divides the right shoulder from the left shoulder.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections28.A transverse plane divides the eyes from the back of the head.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections29.A frontal section divides the eyes from the back of the head.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections30.The ventral cavity is one of the main cavities of the body.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Body cavities

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31.The mediastinum is a subdivision of the abdominal cavity.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Body cavities32.The pleural cavities are subdivisions of the thoracic cavity.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Body cavities33.The abdominal cavity is inferior to the thoracic cavity.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Body cavities34.The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Body cavities35.The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by a muscle called thediaphragm.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 11TOP:Body cavities36.The right hypochondriac region is completely in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 11TOP:Body cavities37.The left hypochondriac region is completely in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 11TOP:Body cavities38.The right lumbar region is superior to the right iliac region.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 11TOP:Body cavities39.The dorsal cavity includes the spinal cavity.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 11TOP:Body cavities40.The brain is located in the dorsal cavity.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

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REF:Page 15TOP:Body cavities41.Homeostasis is the relative consistency of the internal environment of the body.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 15TOP:The balance of body functions42.One method the body has of maintaining homeostasis is a positive feedback loop.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 15TOP:The balance of body functions43.In a feedback loop, the part of the system that compares the actual condition to thecontrolled condition is called the sensor.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 15TOP:The balance of body functions44.In a feedback loop, the part of the system that effects a change in the controlled condition iscalled the effector.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 15TOP:The balance of body functions45.In a feedback loop, the part of the system that detects a change in the controlled condition iscalled the sensor.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions46.A negative feedback loop stimulates and amplifies a change in the internal environment.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions47.A negative feedback loop opposes or negates a change in the internal environment.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions48.The body has more positive feedback loops than negative feedback loops.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions49.The formation of a blood clot is an example of a negative feedback loop.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions

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50.The pH of the body must remain within a very narrow range. It would more likely becontrolled by a negative feedback loop.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions51.Women have one more positive feedback loop than do men.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:SynthesisREF:Page 10TOP:The balance of body functions52.Both the heart and the blood vessels are considered to be organs in the cardiovascularsystem.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 10TOP:Structural levels of organization53.An “L”on an anatomical compass rosette can stand for “Left” or “Lateral” depending onwhat is opposite it.ANS:TPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Anatomical direction54.An “S” on an anatomical compass rosette can stand for “Superior” or “Supine” dependingon what is opposite it.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Anatomical direction55.When you look at an anatomical compass rosette in the text, the “R” on the rosette is onyour right side.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 7TOP:Anatomical directionMATCHINGMatch each term with its corresponding definition or description.A.chemical levelD.organ levelB.cellular levelE.system levelC.tissue levelF.organism1.the smallest “living”part of the body2.a word used to denote a living thing3.level that includes atoms and molecules4.level made up of groups of tissues working together to perform a task5.level that is the most complex unit that makes up the body6.level that is made up of a group of cells working together to perform a task

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1.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization2.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization3.ANS:APTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization4.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization5.ANS:EPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Structural levels of organization6.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Structural levels of organizationMatch each term with its corresponding definition or description.A.superiorF.inferiorB.anteriorG.posteriorC.medialH.lateralD.proximalI.distalE.superficialJ.deep7.nearer to the surface of the body8.toward the head or above9.toward the midline of the body10.away from the trunk or point of origin11.toward the feet or below12.toward the back13.farther away from the surface of the body14.toward the side15.toward the front16.nearest to the trunk or point of origin7.ANS:EPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction8.ANS:APTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction9.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction10.ANS:IPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction11.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction12.ANS:GPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Anatomical direction13.ANS:JPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction14.ANS:HPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction

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15.ANS:BPTS:0DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction16.ANS:DPTS:0DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Anatomical directionMatch each term with its corresponding definition or description.A.frontal planeE.thoracic cavityB.transverse planeF.abdominopelvic cavityC.sagittal planeG.cranial cavityD.diaphragmH.mediastinum17.a muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities18.the lower part of the ventral body cavity19.divides the body into right and left sides20.part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain21.divides the body into upper and lower parts22.a subdivision of the thoracic cavity23.divides the body into front and rear parts24.cavity that is subdivided into pleural cavities17.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 11TOP:Body cavities18.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Body cavities19.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections20.ANS:GPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Body cavities21.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Planes or body sections22.ANS:HPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Body cavities23.ANS:APTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 3TOP:Planes or body sections24.ANS:EPTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 7TOP:Body cavitiesSHORT ANSWER1.Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Introduction

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2.Name and explain the structural levels of organization of the body and give an example ofeach.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 9TOP:Structural levels of organization3.Describe the anatomical position.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Anatomical position4.Define or explain the words “prone” and “supine.”ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 10TOP:Anatomical position5.Name and describe the three planes or body sections.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 16TOP:Planes or body cavities6.Name the two major body cavities and describe what is in each.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 16TOP:Body cavities7.Explain the three parts of a negative feedback loop.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions

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8.What is meant by a negative feedback loop? Give an example of a negative feedback loop inthe body.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Pages 9-10TOP:The balance of body functions9.What is meant by a positive feedback loop? Give an example of a positive feedback loop inthe body.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 16TOP:The balance of body functions10.List the anatomical directions and explain each of them. If there are alternate terms for ananatomical direction, give those terms also.ANS:Answers will vary.PTS:1DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 9TOP:Anatomical direction

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