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2023-2024 NURS507 Cardiovascular Study Guide With Answers (201 Solved Questions)

2023-2024 NURS507 Cardiovascular Study Guide With Answers makes exam practice easy by providing organized past exam materials.

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    NURS 507 Exam 2: S tudy Guide Questions ( 201 Terms ) with Verified Solutions 2023 - 2024. Cardiovascular assessment includes: - Correct Answer: 1. Cardiac vascular system 2. Peripheral vascular system Cardia is performed with a __ exam. - Correct Answer: pulmonary exam Peripheral vascular is done when ____. - Correct Answer: Examining the extremities. Chest Pain requires you to use... - Correct Answer: OPQRSTU pain scale Cardiac Assessment (7) - Correct Answer: 1. Chest pain (at rest, with exertion) 2. Dyspnea (at rest, with exertion) 3. Orthopnea (SOB when lying down) 4. Paroxysmal noctural dyspnea (PND) 5. Peripheral edema 6. Past cardiac history

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    7. Cardiac risk factors Cardiac risk factors - Correct Answer: diabetes (#1 risk factor for CAD and sudden cardiac death) family history smoking obesity First step: Inspect (4 steps) - Correct Answer: a. Lie px at 30 degrees b. Look for pulsation (apical impulse b/t fourth and fifth rib) this is most easily seen in children or thinner adults c. Observe for a "heave" or a lift" d. Inspect vessels of the neck

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    Never palpate __ carotid arteries at ___. - Correct Answer: Never palpate both carotid arteries at the same time. Second Step: Palpate (feel) (7 steps) - Correct Answer: a. palpate carotid arteries one at a time b. apical impulse (point of maximal impulse) c. heaves/lifts d. thrills e. left lateral decubitus position may be useful f. should occupy only one interspace (4th or 5th) midclavical line of just medial g. may not be palpable in various circumstances Cardiac Ascultation mnemonic - Correct Answer: "All Patients Eagerly Take Meds" "All physicians enjoy taking money" A - Aortic area

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    P - pulmonic area E - Erb's point T - tricuspid area M - mitral apex How many heart tones are there? - Correct Answer: Five heart tones Aortic area - Correct Answer: second intercostal space along right sternal border Pulmonic area - Correct Answer: second intercostals space at left sternal border Erb's point - Correct Answer: third intercostal space at left sternal border Tricuspid area - Correct Answer: fifth intercostal space along the left sternal border

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    mitral area - Correct Answer: fifth intercostal space, midclavical line. This is where the PMI is found. Known as th point of maximal impulse. note: with enlarged hearts mitral area may present at anterior axillary line Auscultation of Heart (2 types) - Correct Answer: 1. S1 and S2 heart sounds (use diaphragm at areas of A, P, E, T, M) and listen for "lub" "dub" or S1, S2 sound 2. Apical pulse (left of sternum, b/t 4th and 6th ICS at MCL. 30 sec if regular, 60 sec if irregular) S1 - Correct Answer: closure of mitral, tricuspid valves. beginning of systole

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    "LUB" (greater at apex) S2 - Correct Answer: closure of aortic, pulmonic valves, beginning of diastole "DUB" (greater at base) Cardiac Ascultation (4 things to know) - Correct Answer: 1. cardiac cycle 2. pulse deficit 3. extra heart sounds (split S1/S2, S3/S4 "gallop", murmurs/clicks/rubs) 4. stethoscope use (listen with diaphragm going down and then bell in each osculatory position going up)

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    Carotid arteries (ascultate) - Correct Answer: listen with bell over each artery for bruits (noise due to turbulence that sounds like a cat purring). Murmurs - Correct Answer: for now, only try to describe whern they occur. Normal Cardiac Assessment - Correct Answer: No chest pain/pressure or SOB No pulsations, heaves, or lifts Apical impulse in 4th of 5th ICS at MCL No thrill Rate 60 - 100 bpm (athletes might be 40 - 60) Normal S1 and S2

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    No extra heart sounds Cardiac documentation - Correct Answer: "no heaves or lifts. Apical impulse palpated at 5th ICS at left MCL. Regular rate and rhythm. Normal S1 and S2. No S3 and S4, murmurs, clicks or rubs." Age related cardiac considerations - Correct Answer: Rate faster in children and can quicken or slow in the respiratory cycle S3 and innocent murmurs common in kids "venous hum" common in children due to turbulent blood flow in jugular venous sys. Systolic murmurs common in older adults due to aortic sclerosis Cardiac Assessment "pearls" - Correct Answer: - take your time

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    - concentrate on one heart sound at time - don't press too hard on stethoscope - feel peripheral pulse while osculating in order to verify which sound is s1 - to differntiate b/t pleural friction rub and pericardial friction rub, have px. hold their breath. If you hear something, then it is a pericardial rub. If not, then pleural. Peripheral Vascular Asssessment (4) - Correct Answer: 1. leg pain/cramping 2. leg swelling 3. changes in the skin 4. non - healing sores PVA: Arterial System (inspect) - Correct Answer: skin shows signs of insufficiency

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    pulse graded 0 - 4 (+2 expected findings) capillary refill clubbing PVA: Arterial System (palapate) - Correct Answer: check for symmetry palpate peripheral pulses (rate strength on 0 - 4 (+2) scale assess extremities for symmetry, color, varicosities assess temp. of hands and feet perform capillary refill test PULSES (rate, rhythm, and quality) - Correct Answer: 0 - absent 1 - weak/thready

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    2 - normal 3 - full (sometimes seen in pregnant women) 4 - bounding Assess peripheral vasculature - Correct Answer: nail bed color, shape, configuration look for cyanosis and clubbing Capillary refill test - Correct Answer: should be less than 3 seconds after blanching 1. pressure applied to nail bed until it turns white 2. blood returned to tissue PVA: venous - Correct Answer: inspect, palpate - skin for insufficiency - variscosities

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    Edema is graded: 0 - 4 (+) EDEMA Scale - Correct Answer: Assess by placing thumb over dorm of the foot or tibia for 5 seconds 0 - no edema 1+: barely discernible depression 2+: a deeper depression (<5mm) w/ normal foot an leg contours 3+: deep depression (5 - 10mm) with foot and leg swelling 4+: more than 1cm with severe foot and leg swelling Vernous Stasis - Correct Answer: Scalling, redness, skin taunt and shiny, possible ulcerations. "venous stasis ulcers"

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    What does the lymphatic system do? - Correct Answer: part of circulatory that transports excess interstitial fluid back into the bloodstream. it actively filters microorganisms and prevents unwanted substances from re - entering the bloodstream. What is the third vascular system? - Correct Answer: The Lymphatic system What are you looking for? - Correct Answer: thousands of nodes that are part of hematological and immune system inflammation of the nodes can be indicative of infection Unilateral lymph node enlargement is indicative of what? - Correct Answer: neoplasm (cancer)

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    5 P's of Circulatory Checks - Correct Answer: PPPPP Pain, pallor, paralysis, parathesia, pulse Expected findings of PVA: - Correct Answer: no complaints of pain or sensory loss no lesions, ulcers, skin changes no varicosities no clubbing, cyanosis, edema capillary refill of less than 3 seconds pulses 2+ and symmetric

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    PV Documentation - Correct Answer: "No clubbing, cyanosis, or edema. No varicosities. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds. Pulses 2+ and symmetric. No thrills or bruits." Age - related PV considerations - Correct Answer: kids w/ congenital heart disease may inhibit cyanosis or clubbing in toes/fingers older adults more apt. to have changes associated with arterial and or venous insufficiency older adults have have weaker pulses and bruits due to atherosclerotic disease Peripheral Assessment "Pearls" - Correct Answer: always look of symmetry check for edema over BONY PROMINENCES (ex. medial malleolus)

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