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American Red Cross Lifeguarding Practice Exam with Answers (238 Solved Questions)

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    American Red Cross Lifeguarding Questions And Answers / Study Guide what is the amount of oxygen that you exhale into a victim using only your pocketmask? Correct Ans ~ 35 - 55% what is the amount of oxygen given to a victim using a BVM without oxygen? Correct Ans ~ Up to 90% what is the amount of oxygen given to a victim using a BVM hooked up to oxygen? Correct Ans ~ 90% or higher What are some signs of hypoxia? Correct Ans ~ increased breathing & heart rates, changes in LOC, restlessness, chest pain, cynosis LOC Correct Ans ~ Level of consciousness cynosis Correct Ans ~ tissue doesnt get enough oxygen; victim turns blue. What are the breathing rates for an ad ult? Correct Ans ~ 12 - 20 bpm BPM Correct Ans ~ breaths per minute What are the breathing rates for a child? Correct Ans ~ 15 - 30 bpm What are the breathing rates for an infant? Correct Ans ~ 25 - 50 bpm What if breathing rate is above or b elow normal rates? Correct Ans ~ administer emergency breathing When placing mask on victim, what is the proper placement? Correct Ans ~ For adults, you want the narrow part over the nose and the rim (bottom part) over the chin. Same for children. But for infants, the sides are reversed. What is the best method to determine that breaths given by a BVM are effective? Correct Ans ~ check for chest rise and fall, rise in oxygenation, and change in color. You and another rescuer arrive on the scene and are about to give breaths using BVM. You just sealed the mask. Whats next? Correct Ans ~ make sure head is in proper alignment What is the flow rate for nasal cannula? Correct Ans ~ 1 - 6 LPM LPM C orrect Ans ~ Liters per minute

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    What is the flow rate for resuscitation mask? Correct Ans ~ 6 - 15 LPM What is the flow rate for a non - rebreather mask? Correct Ans ~ 10 - 15 LPM BVM Correct Ans ~ Bag - Valve Mask What is the flow rate for a BVM? Correct Ans ~ 15LPM or higher What do you use to set LPM? Correct Ans ~ with a variable - flow - rate oxygen system, turn the FLOWMETER to suggested L.P.M how do you determine oxygen is flowing? Correct Ans ~ Listen for a hissing sound and feel f or oxygen flow through the delivery device. What will interfere with the accuracy of a pulse oximeter reading? Correct Ans ~ shock, cardiac arrest, excessive motion of patient during reading, carbon monoxide poisoning, fingernail polish, hypothermia or other other cold related emergency, sickle cell anemia, cigarette smokers, swelling, time lag detection of repiratory insuff iciency Pulse oximeter (the finger box thing) Correct Ans ~ used to measure percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood. What should you do when the oxygen cylinder reaads 200 lbs per sq. inch? Correct Ans ~ do not use. you want the pressure gau ge to read more than 200 psi What should you do when the oxygen cylinder reaads 800 lbs per sq. inch? Correct Ans ~ its ok to use What pulse oximeter reading indicates possible hypoxia? Correct Ans ~ 94 % and below. 91 - 94 is mild, 86 - 90 is moderate, less than 85 is severe How many seconds should ventilation last? Correct Ans ~ 1 second and make the chest clearly rise Active Drowning Victim Correct Ans ~ A person exhibiting universal behavior tha t includes struggling at the surface in a vertical position and being unable to move forward or tread water. Cant call for help Passive Drowning Victim Correct Ans ~ An unconscious victim face - down, submerged or near the surface. What are signs of sp inal victim? Correct Ans ~ unusual bumps or bruises, pain, bleeding, loss of balance, etc. If the incident happened and you did not witness it, you can assume it was a spinal. Reassess what they were doing before the incident

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    Your primary responsibili ty as a lifeguard is? Correct Ans ~ Preventing injuries, enforcing rules, recognizing and responding quickly to emergencies, administering first aid and CPR, and informing others when help is needed. Watching the water How do you treat a victim with a head, back, or neck injury? Correct Ans ~ minimize movement of area, if victim is in the water, immobilize them using a backboard. If the victim is not breathing remove them first. call EMS first! What do you do if you cant see a part of the pool bec ause of glare? Correct Ans ~ move to a different position, ask to move the stand, get a closer look A patron is running on deck. What should you do? Correct Ans ~ Ask them politely to stop running. If they choose to ignore you advice them of certa in consequences When you have a victim with a head neck or back injury. What is the technique you use in the water called? Correct Ans ~ Head - Splint technique. Keeping both hands on muscles pressing against the head A head, back, or neck injury rarel y happens where? Correct Ans ~ supervised diving in the deep end What is an AFR? Correct Ans ~ Accidental Fecal Release How do you handle an AFR? Correct Ans ~ direct all patrons to exit the pool that uses the same filtration system, remove a s much of the material as possible with a scoop net trying not to break it apart. Dispose of. AFR: stool Correct Ans ~ Filtration system, pH below 7.5, raise free chlorine to at leaast 2 ppm, maintain levels for 25 min AFR: diarrheal discharge Correct Ans ~ continue operating circulation system, adjust pH to below 7.5, raise free chlorine to 20 ppm, maintain those levels for 13 hours, backwash filter, return chlorine level to normal before reopening the pool. What s hould you do if you see a patron trying to swim underneath the water for long distances over long periods of time? Correct Ans ~ Stop him and tell him of the dangers What do you do with a victim that has suffered a head, neck or spine injury and is co nscious? Correct Ans ~ dont move the victim unless the scene becomes unsafe What is effective scanning? Correct Ans ~ keeps an eye on the patrons of the pool, checking the bottom, middle and surface of the water.

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    What type of coverage is it if yo ur supervisor sets up multiple stands for watching the pool? Correct Ans ~ zone coverage When do you need to move the victim? Correct Ans ~ when the scene becomes unsafe, and when more people are injured What do you do in case of power failure? Correct Ans ~ clear everyone from the pool You must leave the victim in order to get help. What must you do with the victim? Correct Ans ~ Put them in the correct HAINES position HAINES Correct Ans ~ High Arm IN Endangered Spine What pieces o f equip. needs to be accessible for an emergency? Correct Ans ~ Backboards, AED's, BVM, PPE, Reaching poles, Shepherds Crooks What equip. should be carried with you at all time? Correct Ans ~ Pocket mask, Gloves, First AID materials, Rescue tube In what order do you strap the victim on the backboard in? Correct Ans ~ Chest, Waist, Thighs The facility management should provide you with what things? Correct Ans ~ pre - service evaluation, annual or preseason orientation and training, a polici es and procedures manual and reg. in service training What is an MSDS sheet and what info is on it? Correct Ans ~ Material Safety Data Sheet; info about chemical, how to clean it up and how to safely dispose, What is good indication someone has suffered a headback or spine injury? Correct Ans ~ If the accident was not seen What is the good samaritan law? Are you protected? Correct Ans ~ protect people against claims of negligence after providing care i n good faith without having accepted anything in return What is negligence Correct Ans ~ The failure to follow the standard of care or to act, thereby causing injury or further harm to another. What should you do if you hear/ see lighting and thunder ? Correct Ans ~ clear the pool, get everyone inside, no phones, no showers, watch for storm on weather report, PPE Correct Ans ~ personal protective equipment, use whenever you come in contact with open wounds, another person, emergency breaths

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    S igns of Asthma. How to handle. Correct Ans ~ Hoarse inhaling (wheezing), coughing, inability to talk. Caring: Sit in comfortable position, help with medication, use inhaler, count to 10 holding breath (victim) Conscious choking: Adult, Child Correct Ans ~ 5 hits on upper back between shoulder blades, 5 abdominal thrusts. Differences in providing care Correct Ans ~ breathing/has pulse; no breathing/pulse;not breathing/no pulse *Unconscious choking; Adul t. Child. Infant Correct Ans ~ Retilt head and attempt ventilation, give 30 chest compressions, look inside mouth, attempt ventilations Infant. Conscious choking Correct Ans ~ 5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts (with two fingers) Continue providing ca re for choking until Correct Ans ~ object is forced out, victim begins to cough or forcefully breathe, victim becomes unconscious Adult CPR compression depth Correct Ans ~ 2 in or more Child CPR compression depth Correct Ans ~ 2 in Infant CP R compression depth Correct Ans ~ 1.5 in Adult, Child, Infant CPR co0mpression cycles one rescuer Correct Ans ~ 30 chest compressions and 2 vent. Adult Child Infant CPR Compression cycles 2 rescuers Correct Ans ~ Adult stays the same. Infant and Child change to 15 chest compressions 2 breaths Rate of CPR compressions Correct Ans ~ 100 p.m. Cardiac Chain of Survival (4 earlies) Correct Ans ~ early recognition and early access to 911, early CPR, early defibrilla tion, early EMS care V - fib Correct Ans ~ heart quivers, pumps but shallow. venticular fibrillation V - tech Correct Ans ~ abnormal electrical impulse of heart; ventricular tachycardia How to use AED Correct Ans ~ AED present, powered on, victi ms chest/suit is prepped (shave, cut, dry, patch), pads placed on victims upper right & lower left, pads are then plugged in, place analyze button or shock button if machine indicates Agonal Gasps Correct Ans ~ Isolated or infrequent gasping in the

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    a bsence of other breathing in an unconscious person. care for victim as if not breathing by giving ventilations or providing CPR Life threatening conditions Correct Ans ~ drowning, severe bleeding, unconsciousness, cardiac problems, breathing problems Non life threatening conditions Correct Ans ~ head neck back injury, cramps, overexertion, dislocations, sunburns, fractures, sprains, dehydration RWI Correct Ans ~ Recreational Water Illnesses OSHA Correct Ans ~ Occupational and Safety Heal th Administration total coverage Correct Ans ~ one person FIND - F Correct Ans ~ Figure out the problem FIND - I Correct Ans ~ Identify possible solutions FIND - N Correct Ans ~ Name the pros and cons for each solution FIND - D Correct Ans ~ Decide which solution is best One long whistle Correct Ans ~ leaving stand 2 whistles Correct Ans ~ someone come and help me with... 3 whistles Correct Ans ~ calls head lifeguard 4 whistles Correct Ans ~ first aid, where person cant get to office. Bleeding, fall, someone needs help, Not life threatening PDSD Correct Ans ~ Post dramatic stress disorder Whistle activates... Correct Ans ~ EAP FAST Correct Ans ~ Face, Arm, Speech, Time SAMPLE Cor rect Ans ~ Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading to incident Secondary assesment is Correct Ans ~ non life threatening Duty to act Correct Ans ~ Your legal responsibility to do something in the case of an emergency

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    Anaphylactic Shock Correct Ans ~ A severe allergic reaction in which air passages may swell and restrict breathing; a form of shock. See also anaphylaxis. AED Correct Ans ~ automated external defibrillator Distressed Swimmer Correct Ans ~ A person capable of staying afloat, but likely to need assistance to get to safety. EAP Correct Ans ~ emergency action plan in line stabilization Correct Ans ~ A technique used to mini mize movement of a victim's head and neck while providing care. RICE Correct Ans ~ rest, immobilize, cold, elevate CPR child age Correct Ans ~ 12 AED child age Correct Ans ~ 1 yr - 8yr 50 lbs

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