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PHI 208 Final Exam

A comprehensive final exam testing philosophical reasoning and ethics.

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    P HI 208 FINAL EXAM 1. In Kant Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals , the maxim of an act is: (Points  the policy or principle that you would be following if you did it. the expected overall utility resulting from the action. the moral rule that an act either respects or violates. all of the above. Question 2. 2. If Glaukon is correct, then justice (Points : 1) is valuable in its own right. is always more beneficial than injustice has value only relative to its usefulness to the individual has value only relative particular cultures Question 3. 3. Aristotle describes each virtue as: (Points  a maximum a minimum a relative mean an absolute mean Question 4. 4. What is palliative care? (Points ) Treatments that relieve suffering for people in life threatening situations that allow them to live their lives to the fullest Treatments that are only provided in Canada Treatments that heal people when they face life - threatening illnesses Treatments that involve painful processes that help to kill cancer and other diseases Question 5. 5. In Held’s article, a thinker named Annette Baier claims that the history of Western ethical thought does not take into account feminine aspects because (Points : 1) The great moral theorists were men who had little intimate interaction with women The great moral theorists were often loving husbands The great moral theorists hated women The great moral theorists Question 6. 6. Rachels claims that: (Points : 1) there is no moral difference between active and passive euthanasia, considered in themselves there is always a moral difference between the consequences of active and passive euthanasia both a and b neither a nor b Question 7. 7. In Aristotle’s view, the virtues are: (Points : 1) acquired through habit acquired through philosophical reflection a gift from the gods something we are either born with or not Question 8. 8. If Midgley is correct, moral scepticism (Points : 1) Leads to inaction Leads to crude opinions Leads to immorality Rejects all criticism

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    Question 9. 9. What does Peter Singer say about the history of liberation movements? (Points : 1) They tend to become narrower in scope … zeroing in on the exact class that deserves moral consideration They tend to become wider in scope … with people learning to apply moral principles to groups previously not considered They tend to become more discriminatory … giving fewer and fewer rights to the less privileged. They tend to discover that the original concepts in the past were superior and it is a mistake to veer from traditional wisdom Question 10. 10. According to Kant, suicide is: (Points :) Moral if and only if one’s life becomes too burdensome Moral if and only if it relieves other people’s burdens Immoral because it involves treating one’s autonomous will merely as a means to the relief of suffering Immoral because it condemns one to eternal damnation Question 11. 11. According to the videos, in which is it legal to commit assisted suicide? (Points : 1) Canada Mexico Germany Switzerland Question 12. 12. The Ring of Gyges gave the shepherd who found it (Points  Intelligence Invincibility Invisibility Wisdom Question 13. 13. According to Nagel, which of the following may be permitted by absolutism, at least in some circumstances? (Points : 1) Intentionally killing an innocent person Doing something that brings about an innocent person's death Dropping a nuclear bomb on an enemy city Torturing an innocent person Question 14. 14. According to Glaukon, justice is based on (Points : 1) Mutually advantageous agreements among people The laws of God Natural goodwill among people The will of the powerful Question 15. 15. A false promise, according to Kant, is: (Points : 1) something that I could never will to be universal law something that I could will to be universal law only when it benefits the majority something that I could will to be universal law only when it benefits me something that I could will to be universal law only when it prevents a greater Question 16. 16. In the video, “ Drones Are Ethical and Effective ,” Kenneth Anderson argues that the use of drones is ethical because (Points : 1) it provides a greater separation between the target and operator

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