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PHI 208 Week 2 Quiz: 2 Sets

Week 2 quiz with 2 sets of questions.

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    PHI 208 Week 2 Quiz: 2 S ets Set 1 Question 1. When faced with the complaint that utilitarianism is a doctrine worthy of pigs, Mill responds that pleasures differ in: purity quality species weight. Question 2. What does Peter Singer say about the history of liberation movements? They tend to become narrower in scope … zeroing in on the exact class that deserves moral consideration. They tend to become wider in scope … with people learning to apply moral principles to groups previously not considered. They tend to become more discriminatory … giving fewer and fewer rights to the less privileged. They tend to discover that the original concepts in the past were superior and it is a mistake to veer from traditional wisdom. Question 3. Which of the following does not describe how egg - laying hens are treated in factory farms? They are allowed to scratch through dirt and grass looking for seeds and bugs in the fresh open air. They are kept in such tight confinement that they cannot lift their wings They are starved into a period of ‘forced molting’ They have their beaks painfully seared off Question 4. What moral theory does Jeremy Bentham (with whom Singer seems to agree) endorse? Moral relativism Anarchism Utilitarianism Social Contract Theory Question 5. Which of the following statements is the strongest evidence that the person saying it is a utilitarian? Ginny: “Violations of rights are very serious, from the moral point of view.” Helen: “I agree. It is always immoral to violate someone's rights.” Ginny: “Well, I wouldn’t say ‘always’. It’s o.k. to violate rights whenever the good you can produce by doing so outweighs the harm you do by violating the person’s rights.” Kate: “I disagree with both of you. The notion of rights is just a mechanism for the lesser members of society to maintain control over those capable of greatness.” Question 6. According to Tom Regan, which of the following should compel us to accept the equal rights of animals? Sentiment – our feelings for the welfare of animals Law – legal regulations requiring us to respect the rights of animals

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    Reason – this theory has the best reasons on its side Religion – the laws of God mandate human compassion Question 7. The philosopher John Stuart Mill recognized the following as a potential problem for utilitarianism It holds people to standards that are too high. It may lead to increased liberty and justice. It may result in a tyranny of the majority It may lead people to think independently of religious authority. Question 8. According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account the happiness of: only the agent. only the agent and those the agent cares about. everyone, but weights the happiness of the agent more heavily. everyone, and weights everyone’s happiness equally. Question 9. Which of the following does Peter Singer assert about the principle of equality? People should have equal rights because they are factually equal. People with higher abilities, it stands to reason, should have greater rights. Different groups of humans should have equal rights if scientific investigation proves that there are no genetic differences in their abilities. It is a prescription that we should treat people equally regardless of their differing abilities. Question 10. According to Mill, utilitarian morality holds that: If each individual strives to maximize their own happiness, the happiness of all will follow. Each individual is required to sacrifice their own individual happiness for the happiness of all. With the right social arrangements and education, individuals can come to associate their own individual happiness with the happiness of all. Neither the happiness of the individual nor the happiness of all is worth pursuing, since neither is attainable in this life. Question 11. What does Singer say about other philosophers’ attempts to argue that only humans have moral worth? That they give a good way to determine who has rights in a way that includes all humans and no animals That they all say that animals should have rights too That they come up with unjustified methods to include all humans while excluding all animals from moral consideration That animals do not have rights because they are not as smart as humans are Question 12. Which of the following makes it difficult to calculate the utility of an act the time frame of the consequences disagreements about the meaning of pleasure or happiness determining what constitutes the greatest good all of the above Question 13.

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