Psychology Questions and Answers

"Time out is an intervention to ____? increase behavior decrease behavior antecedent strategy"

"Emily has not been taking her school work seriously. Her friends are concerned that she is failing English, so they have planned a study session. What are Emily's friends doing? A. showing disappointment B. showing reciprocity C. engaging in positive peer pressure D. engaging in negative peer pressure"

"The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams. A. the activation-synthesis B. the memory consolidation C. Freud's wish-fulfillment D. Hilgard's dissociation"

"What is the main point of the quizmaster study? A. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. B. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly. C. People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. D. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior."

A prototype is best defined as: A. An example of habituation B. An example of bottom-up processing C. The equivalent of feature abstraction D. The hypothetical most typical instance of a category E. An essential element of category membership

A(n) ____, also known as an operant chamber, is an instrument that isolates and allows a researcher to control an animal's rewards and punishments. A. Gestalt room B. Isolation chamber C. Skinner box D. Watson manipulator

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder the solution of a problem?

What is the difference between spontaneous recovery and disinnibition? A. SR happens during acquisition of learning while disinhibition happens during extinction B. SR happens after a period of rest, while disinhibition happens after the CS has been paired with a novel stimulus C. SR happens early on in extinction, while disinhibition occurs later D. Disinhibition only happens when the US is exceptionally strong

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America? A. Authoritarian B. Authoritative C. Disorganized D. Permissive

Which of the following is an example of predictive validity in the context of accuracy judgments? A. A test accurately forecasts future performance on a related task. B. An assessment consistently measures the same trait over time. C. A survey question elicits responses that reflect true opinions. D. A test item is interpreted in the same way by different individuals.

An example of a behavior that demonstrates identity foreclosure is: A) Dropping out of high school B) Choosing a different career path than what parents wanted C) Being eager to vote D) Working in the family business because it is expected

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization? A. Being conditioned not to laugh at hats B. Being conditioned to laugh at all kinds of hats C. Being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat and cry when you see other kinds of hats D. Being conditioned to laugh when you see a top hat, then also laughing when you see other kinds of hats

Which statement best describes social judgment theory? A. A theory that suggests how individuals decide if society is generally 'good' or 'bad'. B. A theory that suggests what individuals use to socially judge one another. C. A theory claiming that an individual's position on an issue depends on three things: what they want, what they know, and what they can get out of it. D. A theory claiming that an individual's position on an issue depends on three things: anchor, alternatives, and ego-involvement.

Sternberg's triangular theory of love suggests that love has three components: Intimacy Passion Commitment

Inattention is generally caused by concentration on __________.

Which of the following is an example of a non-judgmental question? A. What do you think caused your illness? B. How can you afford medicine when you can't afford rent? C. Why do you think you are fat? D. Why haven't you quit smoking, since you know it is contributing to your illness?

Reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities. Which type of reinforcer is this? Classical Operant Primary Secondary

What is a Freudian slip? A) Assuming someone's personality type when you barely know them B) Accidentally saying something that shows how you really feel C) Saying something you don't believe is true D) Bringing up Freud's theories in conversation

According to Leong and Lau (2001), the _____ population tends to be the least likely to seek treatment. a) African American b) Latino c) Native American d) Asian American

What does it mean when someone holds their finger horizontally above their upper lip?

A psychological disorder is a ________. Group of answer choices: A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors B. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors C. manifestation of a psychopathology D. situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings

The opponent-process theory of color vision explains which of these observations? A. Color vision becomes weaker toward the periphery of the retina. B. After you stare at a bright color for a minute, you look away and see a different color. C. You can easily recognize an object's color even while wearing tinted glasses. D. From a greater distance, blue dots look black, although other small dots keep their color.

What is the difference between conditional and unconditional positive regard?

Which of the following statements best explains the difference between listening and hearing? A. Hearing is the physiological ability to perceive the presence of sounds in the environment; listening occurs when the brain reconstructs these electrochemical impulses into a representation of the original sound and then gives them meaning. B. Listening is the physiological ability to perceive the presence of sounds in the environment; hearing occurs when the brain reconstructs these electrochemical impulses into a representation of the original sound and then gives them meaning. C. Listening does not require hearing. D. People who are deaf cannot hear or listen.

What is one of your responsibilities as an RBT? A. Advocacy B. Supervision C. Direct instruction D. Program development

A person who has been drinking alcoholic beverages will usually exhibit signs of impairment. What are some common signs to look for?

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? A. Getting an allowance after completing chores B. Getting spanked for running in the street C. Getting relief from pain after taking an aspirin D. All of the answers are correct

Which of the following does not happen after drinking? A. Your reflexes and reaction time slow down. B. Your judgment of speed and distance is distorted. C. You are less alert. D. You calm down so you can concentrate.

According to arousal theory, which statement best describes how arousal influences performance?

PLA-CHECK underestimates behavior. A. True B. False

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Which is the best example of cephalocaudal development? A. Infant gains control over the arms before the hands. B. Infant can sit up before it can walk. C. Infant can roll over before it can grasp a small object. D. Infant can hear before it can see.

List and describe three common defense mechanisms.

The extent to which people like or dislike themselves is called their: A. emotional stability B. self-esteem C. locus of control D. self-efficacy E. self-monitoring

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias? A. A pharmacologist is studying the effect of certain drugs on humans and tells the test subjects that the drug may cause headaches. Some of the subjects are given the drug, and some are given placebos (sugar pills) instead. Then the number of headaches is counted. B. An oil company has research done on the effects of drilling on the environment. It is found that in 87% of cases, there is a negative effect. The oil company only publishes the 13% that show a positive effect or no negative effects. C. A researcher is studying the college readiness of American teens. He interviews 200 urban male teenagers from Philadelphia and finds that 85% say they are ready for college. The researcher concludes that 85% of all teenagers in America are ready for college. D. A journalist who does not think climate change is real is writing an article about climate change. In his article, he cites one study that discusses how humans cannot be causing climate change and ignores several other studies that discuss how humans can cause climate change.

Describe how fallacies can be created or spread.

Describe the differences and similarities between Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner.

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head. A. Case study B. Experiment C. Naturalistic observation D. Survey

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and: A. explaining the subconscious B. the operation of individual parts of the mind C. the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts D. understanding the id, ego, and superego

It is known that one's gender influences perception. A. True B. False