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Abnormal Child Psychology 6th Edition Test Bank

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    1. A child typically enters the mental health system ____. a. by asking for a referral from a pediatrician b. through the criminal justice system c. by the actions, positive or negative, of peers d. through teachers, counselors, or parents ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Introduction KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 2. Many child and adolescent problems can be best described as the ____. a. failure to demonstrate expected developmental progress b. absence of the key survival skills needed to thrive c. result of excessive expectations by parents d. stresses associated with educational demands ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Introduction KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze 3. Most problematic behaviors shown by children are ____. a. qualitatively different from normal behavior b. shown to some degree by most children c. caused by inadequate parenting d. indistinguishable from one another ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Introduction KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze 4. Interventions for children and adolescents are often intended to ____. a. restore previous levels of functioning b. serve as a warning for negative behavior c. reform behavior to conform to norms d. eliminate distress and promote further development ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Introduction KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    5. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, children’s mental health problems were attributed to ____. a. possession by the devil or other evil forces b. poor parenting practices c. chemical imbalances d. low self - esteem ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 6. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, acts of child maltreatment were ____. a. illegal and punishable by severe fines b. very uncommon but largely overlooked c. practiced primarily among lower socioeconomic classes d. considered to be a parent’s right for educating or disciplining a child ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 7. John Locke (1632 – 1704) advanced the belief that children were ____. a. possessed by the devil b. uncivilized c. emotionally sensitive beings d. young adults ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 8. The work of Jean - Marc Gaspard Itard (1775 – 1838) is notable in that ____. a. his orientation toward children was one of care and helping, in contrast to the times b. he was the first documented individual to use behavioral techniques with children c. he was a strong advocate for sending disturbed children to asylums d. he initiated the Massachusetts’ Stubborn Child Act ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze

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    9. How did Jean - Marc Gaspard Itard believe he could tame the “wild boy of Aveyron”? a. exorcism b. environmental stimulation c. allow him to behave as he did in the wild d. peer modeling ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 10. Which method did Jean - Marc Gaspard Itard use to tame the “wild boy of Aveyron”? a. cold showers b. tranquilizers c. timeouts d. massages ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 11. At the end of the nineteenth century, children with intellectual disabilities were regarded as ____. a. suffering from “moral insanity” b. imbeciles c. lunatics d. possessed by the devil ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 12. At the end of the nineteenth century, children with normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behavior were thought to be ____. a. suffering from “moral insanity” b. imbeciles c. diseased d. possessed by the devil ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    13. The first disorder unique to children and adolescents was ____. a. masturbatory insanity b. schizoid disorder c. moral insanity d. manic depression ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 14. During the early part of the twentieth century, the biological disease model of mental problems led to ____. a. the belief that mental illness had no physical basis b. improved treatments c. more controlled research methods d. eugenics and segregation ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze 15. Freud was the first to link mental disorders to ____. a. neurotransmitter imbalances b. early childhood experiences c. possession by evil spirits d. classical conditioning ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 16. Freud’s theory focused on ____. a. single causes of behavior b. multiple causes of behavior c. diseases of the mind d. neurological causes of behavior ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    17. Efforts to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive categories are called ____. a. etiologies b. differentials c. nosologies d. prescriptives ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 18. Who is referred to as the “Father of Behaviorism”? a. Freud b. Albert c. Watson d. Rayner ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 19. The development of ____ treatment can be traced back to the rise of behaviorism in the early 1900s. a. psychodynamic b. evidence - based c. group - based d. humanist ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 20. In the first half of the twentieth century, most children with mental disorders were ____. a. institutionalized b. treated with behavior therapy c. treated with psychoanalysis d. overlooked ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    21. The work of Rene Spitz ____. a. led to the development of an organic model of mental illness b. is the first documented attempt to help a special needs child c. led to some of the first empirically supported behavioral techniques for eliminating children’s fears d. raised serious questions about the harmful impact of institutionalization of children’s development ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 22. During the 1950s and 1960s, ____ emerged as a systematic approach to the treatment of childhood disorders. a. psychoanalysis b. family therapy c. behavior therapy d. institutionalization ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 23. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; Public Law 104 - 446) mandates ____. a. segregated education for children with special needs b. the use of IQ tests for assessing children c. standardized programs for children identified as special needs d. education in the least restrictive environment possible ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 24. What is the purpose of an Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)? a. to test the child using standardized tests b. to accurately diagnose each child’s illness against a model c. to tailor the child’s school program to his or her needs d. to understand the role of family history in mental health ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze

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    25. The 2007 United Nations Treaty adopted a new convention to ____. a. provide free and appropriate education to children with special needs b. improve disability rights and abolish discrimination c. provide psychotherapy services to children with special needs d. improve test measures to diagnose children with special needs ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 26. Psychological disorders are defined as patterns of behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical symptoms that are associated with ____. a. deviance b. defiance of norms c. disobedience d. distress ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 27. In contrast to adults, abnormality in children is often defined in terms of ____. a. stage of development b. everyday stress c. disability d. addiction ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 28. Which description of a child would be considered labeling a child rather than describing her behavior? a. Ashley is a child with mental retardation. b. Karlee is an anxious child. c. Amber is a child with autism. d. Robyn is a child who is small. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply

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    29. Boundaries between abnormal versus normal functioning are ____. a. scientifically defined b. relatively arbitrary c. well - established d. determined by each family ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 30. What concept states that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings such as child maltreatment? a. trifinality b. ethnic finality c. equifinality d. multifinality ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 31. Successful adaptation to the environment varies across ____. a. psychological theories b. developmental stages c. region of the country d. culture and ethnicity ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 32. The ability to successfully adapt in the environment is referred to as ____. a. intelligence b. adjustment c. resilience d. coping ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    33. To determine a child’s competencies, it is useful to have some knowledge of ____. a. institutional norms b. animal behavior c. adult dysfunctions d. developmental tasks ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 34. Which of the following is not a developmental task of middle childhood? a. academic achievement b. getting along with peers c. differentiating self from environment d. rule - governed conduct ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 35. Which of the following is not a developmental task of adolescence? a. academic achievement b. self - control and compliance c. forming a cohesive sense of self - identity d. involvement in extracurricular activities ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 36. Which of the following is not a developmental task of infancy? a. attachment to caregiver b. language c. differentiation of self from environment d. forming close friendships within and across gender ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    37. Resiliency in boys is best associated with households in which there are: a. male role models, structure, and encouragement of emotional expressiveness b. female role models, structure, and encouragement of emotional expressiveness c. male role models and a combination of risk taking and independence d. female role models and a combination of risk taking and independence ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 38. Multifinality refers to the observation that ____. a. different disorders may stem from similar causes b. various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings c. the same disorder may have different causes d. developmental pathways may converge at the end ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 39. Conduct disorder may arise from different developmental pathways, a concept known as ____. a. equifinality b. multifinality c. developmental diversity d. disordered beginnings ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 40. Which is an example of resiliency? a. submissiveness b. coping skills c. networking skills d. physical aptitude ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    41. A risk factor is a variable that ____. a. follows a negative outcome b. increases the likelihood that a negative outcome will occur c. indicates positive outcomes d. decreases the likelihood that negative outcome will occur ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 42. Which of the following is true with respect to resilience? a. Resilience is relevant to a few, traumatic life events. b. Resilience cannot be learned or taught. c. Resilience remains consistent over time. d. Resilience may vary over time and across situations. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 43. By the year 2020, global child and adolescent mental health issues, in terms of disability, will ____. a. decrease by 50% b. remain the same as the present day c. slightly increase d. surpass physical health issues ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Significance of Mental Health Problems among Children and Youths KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 44. Which risk factor is most likely to increase a child’s vulnerability to psychopathology? a. chronic poverty b. impulsivity c. two - career families d. lack of siblings ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    45. In the United States and Canada, children from ____ racial/ethnic backgrounds have the highest rates of poverty. a. African American and Native American b. Native American and Asian American c. Asian American and Mexican American d. African American and Mexican American ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 46. Girls have higher rates of ____ than boys. a. illiteracy b. autism c. depression d. ADHD ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 47. Childhood poverty is a daily reality for about one in ____ children in the United States. a. four b. five c. seven d. eight ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 48. Which statement about children’s mental health is false? a. About 1 in 15 children has a mental health problem that impairs their functioning. b. Approximately 75% of children with mental health problems receive proper services. c. Race plays more of a role than socioeconomic status (SES) in disorder rates among children. d. About 1 in 10 children meets the criteria for a specific psychological disorder. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Significance of Mental Health Problems among Children and Youths KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    49. Most children today ____. a. will have the same development trajectory to adulthood b. grow out of their childhood difficulties by adulthood c. face greater stressors at earlier ages than children of the past d. have the same types of problems as children of the past ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 50. Which children are disproportionately afflicted with mental health problems? a. those who are recent immigrants b. those who are only children c. those with more than two siblings d. those born to parents with criminal histories ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Significance of Mental Health Problems among Children and Youths KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 51. The significant difficulties that children in chronic poverty experience may be due to a. damage to the cerebellum b. an underactive amygdala c. certain genetic markers d. impaired prefrontal cortex development ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 52. Which statement is true regarding LGBT youth? a. They are more likely to seek help from adults. b. They often experience verbal and physical abuse. c. They have fewer academic problems. d. They are more likely to be bullies. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    53. Which statement reflects the differences in mental health problems between boys and girls? a. Anxiety disorders are more common in boys than girls. b. Sex differences in problem behaviors exhibit by early infancy. c. Boys demonstrate more difficulties than girls starting in early adolescence. d. Boys’ externalizing problems are more prevalent than girls’ in the preschool years. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 54. Which statement is true about how ethnicity affects mental health problems in children? a. Minority children in the United States are overrepresented in rates of some disorders. b. No differences emerge in relation to race and mental health even when controlling for other factors. c. Minority children and youth do not face any more disadvantages in life than other children. d. Ethnic representation in research studies has received a great deal of attention in studies of child psychopathology. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 55. Verified reports of child abuse and neglect number over ____ in the United States. a. 100,000 b. 200,000 c. 500,000 d. 1,000,000 ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 56. Phone surveys suggest that about ____ of 10 - to 16 - year - olds experience physical and/or sexual abuse. a. one - tenth b. one - fourth c. one - third d. one - half ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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    57. Phone surveys suggest that about ____ of 12 - to 17 - year - olds met criteria for either post - traumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, or substance abuse/dependence. a. 1% to 5% b. 5% to 9% c. 16% to 19% d. 20% to 35% ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 58. Which issues make adolescence a particularly vulnerable period? a. risky sexual behavior b. sporting teams c. chores at home d. technology use ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 59. Children with the most chronic and serious disorders ____. a. are more likely to receive help, and therefore, to succeed in school b. face sizable difficulties throughout their lives c. are less likely to have social problems in online venues d. do not tend to carry a psychiatric disorder into adulthood ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand 60. What might be one consequence associated with child psychopathology? a. increased demands on health systems b. less funding for educational institutions c. less interest in interventions d. increased funding for criminal justice systems ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand

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