Test Bank For Understanding Dying, Death, and Bereavement, 7th Edition

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Instructor’s Manual with Test Bank to AccompanyLeming and Dickinson’sUNDERSTANDING DYING, DEATH,AND BEREAVEMENTSeventhEditionPrepared byMichael R. LemingSt. Olaf CollegeNorthfield, MN 55057George E. DickinsonCollege of CharlestonCharleston, SC 29424

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PREFACEThe intent of this instructor’s manual is to assist you in usingUnderstanding Dying,Death,and Bereavement(7th Edition), in a course on deathand dying.Test questions(true-false,multiple-choice,andessay)areincludedforyouruseinmakingexaminations.Alsoincludedarelistsofquestionsforselecteddeath-relatedprofessionals.In addition to reading assignments and classroomaudiovisuals, we suggestinvitingspeakers for classes on death and dying.Aphysicianand/or anursecandiscuss how they relate to terminallyill patients.Discussing preventive measures ofillnesssuch asdiet, exercise,and daily habits can make for an informative sessionwith a medical doctor.Invite asocial workerfrom a nursing home or hospice to shareexperiencesofworkingwithterminallyillpatients.Contact your localorstateAmerican Cancer Society about bringing in acancer patientto discuss death anddying from a patient’s perspective.Aclinical psychologistcan talk about signs ofsuicide and how to react to a suicidal person.Anutritionistspeaking on cancer anddiet can contribute to the class and give practical advice toward better eating habits.Sideeffects of medications are a good topic for apharmacistto present in your class.Aninsurance agentcan discuss various kinds of life insurance.A panel ofclergyrepresenting various faiths can relate to dealing with dying, death,and bereavement.Acoronercan discuss his or her role in the community and can contribute toward amost interesting class session.Afuneral directororcemetery superintendentcan talkabouthisorherlegalandsocialresponsibilities.Inviteamemorialsocietyrepresentativeto discuss the goals of this organization.Ask aveterinarianto come toyour class to discuss death and pets.Aphilosophercan speak on medical ethics, andanattorneycan discuss the importance of having a will and recent legislation on livingwills.We also encourage field trips to enhance classroom activities.Take your class toa local funeral home.Let the students have a question and answer session with thefuneral director prior to viewing the casket selection room, the viewing rooms, and theembalming room.Visit local cemeteries to observe epitaphs, dates of deaths, size ofmonuments for males and females, symbols on gravestones, and the overall neatness(or lack thereof) of cemeteries.If one is nearby, visit a crematory.Ask studentstowrite a brief reaction paper to each of the field trips toensure that theyreflect on thisexperience.A combination of speakers on specific topics and leaving the classroom for fieldtrips can enhance classroom discussions and readingmaterials.In addition, werecommend that you ask students to write their own obituaries stating how, when,and where they died. The students may tell anything they wish about themselves intheobituariesandshouldincludefinaldispositionofthebody.Whenyouarediscussing children and death, ask students to recall their own first experience withdeath.Instruct them to write about their first experience with death, to give their ageat the time, relate who or what died, and note anything remembered about that event.Such an exercisecan berather revealing about how vividthese earlyexperienceswere

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for students.For individual or group term projects, we suggest the followingtopics asstarters:Children’s attitudes toward death (ask them to draw pictures of death)Interviews with the elderly about funeral customs when they were youngReligious beliefs related to death attitudesDeath attitudes of various professional groups (nurses, physicians, funeraldirectors, teachers, attorneys)Death themes in classical music, rock music, and poetryCollege students’perceptions of dying and deathDeath themes in the visual artsDeath in literatureHistory of the funeral industryDeath as depicted in moviesDeath on televisionDeath humorVeterinarians and euthanasiaRoadside memorialsInternet obituariesEvolution of the funeral industry to meet the needs of Baby BoomersArt therapists and end-of-life issuesAttitudes of different age groups toward deathDeath education in public schoolsComparison of epitaphs on grave markers in ethnic cemeteriesCollege students’knowledge of hospiceHistory of gravestonesMusic therapists and end-of-life issuesInternet suicide chat roomsEnd-of-life issues with healthcare professionalsCross-cultural analysis offuneral customsCurrent ethical issues about deathCross-cultural views on suicideHospice evolution since the 1970sPhysician-assisted suicideChild-life specialists (play therapy) and end-of-life issuesBest of luck as you teach your death and dying course.Michael R. Leming and George E. Dickinson

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TABLE OF CONTENTSChapter 1STUDYING DYING, DEATH, AND BEREAVEMENT2Chapter 2THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE OF DEATH15Chapter 3GROWING UP WITH DEATH24Chapter 4PERSPECTIVES ON DEATH AND LIFEAFTERDEATH32Chapter 5THE DYING PROCESS40Chapter 6LIVING WITH DYING50Chapter 7 DYING IN THE AMERICAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM60Chapter 8BIOMEDICAL ISSUES AND EUTHANASIA68Chapter 9SUICIDE78Chapter 10DIVERSITY IN DEATH RITUALS89Chapter 11THE BUSINESS OF DYING102Chapter 12 THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF DYING113Chapter 13COPING WITH LOSS123Chapter 14GRIEVING THROUGHOUT THE LIFECYCLE130SAMPLESYLLABUSES136

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2CHAPTER 1STUDYING DYING, DEATH, AND BEREAVEMENTChapter OutlineCurrent Interest in Death and DyingWhy the Increased Interest?The Mystery of DeathTerrorismEthical IssuesPopular CultureDeath EducationThanatology ClassesThanatology PublicationsMortality StatisticsDeath Etiology and Life ExpectancyGender Differences in Mortality RatesApproaches to the Study of Dying and DeathThe Biological ApproachThe Psychological ApproachThe Philosophical ApproachThe Anthropological ApproachThe Sociological ApproachStructural-Functional TheoryConflict TheorySocial Exchange TheorySymbolic Interactionist TheoryConclusionSummaryDiscussion QuestionsGlossarySuggested Readings

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3True-False Questions1.The interdisciplinary study of dying, death,and bereavement is called“thanatology.”True2.American society formally prepares individuals to deal withdying and deathonbothpersonal and emotional levels.False3.Death appears to be more abstract for those growing up today than for previousgenerations.True4.In the early 1940s Hollywood began to produce films around the theme of deathwhen the“good guy”died.False5.Television specials with a theme of dyingand deathbegan emerging in the 1970s inthe United States.True6.Currently thereisalmost an obsession, and certainly a fascination, with death-related themes in American movies.True7.The“suicide doctor”in Michigan in the late 20th century was Dr. Jack Kevorkian.True8.A program for the elderly called Elderhostel does not allow the topic ofdying anddeath to be presented.True9.Atext published in 1959 for thanatology was an anthology by psychologist HermanFeifel titledThe Meaning of Death.True10.Jessica Mitford’sThe American Way of Deathin 1963 was very favorable towardthe funeral industry.False11. Conflict theory is concerned with explaining the stability of society.False12.Exchange theory is primarily concerned with the issue of societal maintenance andsocial equilibrium.False13.The leading cause of death in the UnitedStates today is cardiovascular disease.True14.Life expectancy in the United States is greater for males than females.False

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415.The conception sex ratio and the sex ratio at birth in the United States favorsmales over females.True16.Anthropologist Ashley Montagusuggestedthat women have a superior use ofemotions because they are more likely to cry than men.True17.Biological death has remained much the same over the years and so has themanner in which humans experience death.False18.Gerontophobia is the fear of dying of a debilitating disease.False19.Physical anthropologists who study death-related phenomena have a specialinterest in death rituals in different cultures.False20.Sociology is amultiparadigm science.True21.Symbolic interactionism is an approach stressing the importance of interpretationof others’behavior.True22.A major assumption of social exchange theory is that the profit motive governssocial situations.True23.The events of September 11, 2001, havecaused our society to become moreparanoid.True24.Kubler-Ross’On Death and Dying, published in 1969, sparked a lot of interest inthe topic of dying and death.True25.Jessica Mitford’sThe American Way of Death, published in 1963, played a criticalrole in changes in the funeral industry.True26.Leading causes of death in 1900 were cardiovascular diseases and cancer.False27.Terror management theory (TMT) suggests that people adhere to culturalworldviews and beliefs in order to suppress death and morality-related thoughts.True28.A popular book about a professor dying of ALS in the 1990sis titledTuesdays withMorrieand was written by Mitch Albom.True29.Smoking kills approximately 434,000 Americans each year.True30.Smoking accounts for approximately 5percentof all deaths globally each year.True

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531.A ban was imposed on public smoking in the United Kingdom in 2007.True32.Cigarette smoking in movies today is becoming more popular.True33.Infant mortality rates in the United States are the lowestofall postindustrialcountries in the world today.False34.In modern Western countries life expectancy is longer for women than for men.True35.Women have a higher morbidity rate than men.True36.A longitudinal studyisastudydoneat one point in time.False37.The psychological approach looks at dying from a developmental perspective.True38.An existentialist approachlooks at dying anddeath fromananthropologicalperspective.False39.The phenomenology approach to dying and death studies“the thing”itself.True40.Fictive kin refers to terms for individuals who are not related via kinship.True41.A latent function of a funeral is that a funeral is a family reunion.True

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6Multiple-Choice Questions1.Acommunicable disease (such as pneumonia) caused by a number of microorganismsincluding viruses, fungi, and bacteriaisknown asa.achronic disease.*b.anacute diseasec.aslow death disease.d. both a and c above.e. none of the above.2.The interdisciplinary study of death-related behavior is known asa. death etiology.*b. thanatology.c. anthropometry.d. gerontology.e. geriatrics.3.Which wasnotcited in the text as a reason for the increased interest in the study ofdying, death,and bereavement?a.Anaura of mystery developed with deaths occurring in institutional settingsb.Prolongedlife as a result of medical and scientific breakthroughs resulting innumerousethical issues*c.Largepercentages of the population leaving urban areas and returning tothe farmwhere death is a daily eventd.All of the above were cited.4.Television specials on death and dying first emerged in thea. 1940s.b. 1950s.c. 1960s.*d. 1970s.e. 1980s.

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75.Published in 1963, this book was most criticalof the funeral industry.*a. Jessica Mitford’sThe American Way of Deathb. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’sOn Death and Dyingc. Herman Feifel’sThe Meaning of Deathd. Ernest Becker’sThe Denial of Deathe.Noneof the above6. Thebestselling book on death and dying published in 1969 isa. Jessica Mitford’sThe American Way of Death.*b. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’sOn Death and Dying.c. Herman Feifel’sThe Meaning of Death.d. Ernest Becker’sThe Denial of Death.e. Raymond Moody’sLife After Life.7. Two professional journals in death and dying today area.Death EducationandDeath and Life.b.AlphaandOmega.*c.OmegaandDeath Studies.d.Thanatology StudiesandDeath and Dying.e.Death and DyingandDeath Studies.8. Courses on death and dying began to flourish in the United States in thea. 1930s.b. 1950s.*c. 1970s.d. 1990s.e. 2010s.9. The primary cause of death in the United States today isa. accidents.b. old age.*c. cardiovascular disease.d. pneumonia.e.AIDS.

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810. Which of the following is an example of an acute disease?*a.Pneumoniab. AIDSc.Cancerd.Arthritise.Diabetes11. Most people dying in the U.S. today diea. at home.b. on the highways.*c. in a hospital or nursing home.d. on city streets.e. in their sleep at the office.12. Death etiology refers to*a. the causes of death.b. a contagious disease.c. a new type of AIDS.d. death with dignity.e. death during the winter months.13.The“suicidephysician”in Michigan who assisted with individual deaths in the 1990swasa. Michael DeBakey.b. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross.c. Earl Grollman.*d. Jack Kevorkian.e. none of the above.14.A sociological study of death is likely to includea.an effort to determine whether certain death-related behavior is moral orethical.b.a consideration of how biological organs function to produce death.c.a consideration of how humans originally became subject to death.*d.a consideration of how social factors influence biological factors related death.

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915.The ISAS interpretationof death-related behavior emphasizes thata.use of any given meaning for some item of behavior always has the sameconsequences.b.any given behavior pattern always stems from the same biological condition.c.all individuals experience death in the same way.*d.the meaning of death may change even though the biological aspectsdo not change.16.Emphasizingthe organization of the funeral industry and its relationship with othersocial structures in a society would be important in which of theseconceptual frameworks?a.Socialconflict*b.Structural-functionalc.Socialexchanged.Symbolicinteraction17.Structural-functional theory can be best described as a theory stressinga. roles and role expectations.*b. the interaction of parts and the whole.c. the interaction of families in a symbolic manner.d. the independence of societal units.18. Conflict theorya. emphasizes the undesirability of social change.b. represents an equilibrium theory.*c. is associated with an analysis of disruptionand change as being potentially useful.d.doesnone of the above.19.The premise that reinforcement and mutual benefit are important in sustainingrelations is associated with which theory or frame of reference?a.Socialconflictb.Structural-functional*c.Socialexchanged.Symbolicinteraction

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1020.Which theoretical framework would investigate the following research question:“Whatare the rewards and costs involved in developing relationshipsthatare inevitably endedby death?”a.Socialconflictb.Structural-functional*c.Socialexchanged.Symbolicinteraction21.Which theoretical framework would investigate the following research question:“Howdo funerals help to promote relationships between kinship groups (grandparents, auntsand uncles,cousins, etc.)?”a.Socialconflict*b.Structural-functionalc.Socialexchanged.Symbolicinteraction22.Which theoretical framework would investigate the following research question:“Areadult children who care for their elderly parents more likelyto receive a greater share oftheir parents’inheritance than children who do not participate in the terminal care?”a.Socialconflictb.Structural-functional*c.Socialexchanged.Symbolicinteraction23.Which theoretical framework would investigate the following research question:“Whatare the dysfunctional consequences of parental inheritance bequests for relationshipsbetween children?”*a.Socialconflictb.Structural-functionalc.Socialexchanged.Symbolicinteraction24. Regarding deathanxiety and death education, thanatologistsa. agree that deatheducationrelieves death anxiety.b. agree that death education does not relieve death anxiety.*c. cannot agree on whether or not death education relieves death anxiety.25. The ISAS paradigm for doing research in the social sciences, especially sociology, istheshorthand formula for

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11a.structural functionalism.b.theconflict perspective.c.social exchange.*d.symbolic interactionism.26. The sex ratio isthe number of*a. males per100 females.b. females per 100 males.c.males per 1,000 females.d. females per 1,000 males.27.A popular1990sbookabout a professor dying of ALS and written by his formerstudentis titleda.Fridays with Fred.*b.Tuesdays with Morrie.c.Saturdays with Sarah.d.Dying of ALS.28.Smoking kills approximately ______ Americans each year.a.50,000b.200,000*c.450,000d.750,00029.Cigarette smoking in movies is becoming*a. more popular today.b. less popular today.c. about as popular as inthe 1950s.d. less trendy.30.Morbidity ratesforwomen in the United States*a.are higher thanformen.b.are lower thanformen.c.are no different thanformen.d.cannot be determined.31.A psychological approach to dyinglooks at dying froma.adevelopmental perspective.

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12b.alife stages perspective.c.abiological perspective.*d.both a and b.32.A philosophical approach to dying and death mayapproachthe topic froma.aphenomenologyperspective.b.anexistentialist perspective.c.apsychological perspective.*d. bothaand b.33.Regarding death and dying, cultural anthropologists study*a. rituals through which individuals deal with death and hence celebrate life.b. the biological aspects of dying.c. human remains and try toreconstruct the behavior.d. none of the above.

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13Essay Questions1.Discuss why women outlive men in the United States and most countries of theworld.In the few countries where men outlive women, what is the primary cause forthis?2.Compare and contrast the relative advantages and disadvantages of dying fromacute and chronic diseases.What effects do each of these causes have on the abilities offamilies to cope with the death of a family member?3.Why did death“come out of the closet”in the 1970s?What events related to the“thanatology movement”helped change Americans’awareness of dying and death?4.What is the“all-American way to die”?Contrast this way of death with the way mostAmericans die today.5.Contrast the causes of death inthe United States today with those in 1900.Whyhave the main causes of death shifted since the beginning of the 20th century?6.Cite examples to show how mass mediahaveincreasedtheemphasis on death anddying in the United States today.7.Discuss the differences between biological and symbolic death.8.Why do sociologists need different theoretical paradigms?Whyis one not enough?9.Compare and contrast the structural-functional and conflict orientations for researchon death-related behavior.10.Compare and contrast the symbolic interactionist and exchange orientations forresearch on death-related behavior.11.Each act of dying has three interconnected characteristics: shared, symboled, andsituated.How does this relate tothestatement that more dies than a biological body?12.Discuss howterror management theorymight help individuals adjust to deathsituations.13.Discuss how popular cultureaffectsattitudes toward dying and death.14.Discuss atelevision program or movie you have seenrecentlythatincluded thetopic of dying and death. In what way diditdeal with the topic?15.Why do you think horror movies appeal to teenagers and young people?

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1416.How might death education help an individual deal with dying and death?17.Why do you think women have a higher morbidity rate than men, yet a lowermortality rate?18.Discuss recent bans on smoking in public places in the U.K.and theUnited States.Do you favor these bans?19.How does a philosophical approach to dying and death differ from a biologicalapproach?20.How does a cultural anthropological approach to dying and death differ from asociological approach?

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15CHAPTER 2THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE OF DEATHChapter OutlineDefining DeathInternational DefinitionsAmerican DefinitionsThe Meaning of Dying and DeathThe Social MeaningDeriving Meaning from the AudienceDeriving Meaning from the SituationDeath as a Lost RelationshipCreating and Changing Death-Related MeaningThe American Experience of DeathLiving Death(1600-1830)The Dying of Death (1830-1945)The Resurrection of Death (1945 to thePresent)Contemporary AttitudesTowardDeathDenial or Acceptance of Death?Fearing DeathContent of Death FearsDeath Fears, Gender, and AgeRelieving Death Anxiety Through ReligionContemplating One’s Own DeathConclusionSummaryDiscussion QuestionsGlossarySuggested Readings

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16True-False Questions1.Eighty percent of current deaths in the United States occur in institutionalsettings—hospitalsand nursing homes.True2.According to the United Nations’definition of death, a death cannot occur until a livebirth has taken place.True3.The Harvard definition of death defines death in terms of respiration and heartfunctioning.False4.Ultimately, all deaths are brain deaths.True5.The death of an individual is a personal, not a social,experience.False6.When a person dies, many“person”or role occupants die.True7.Using euphemisms for death suggests that the United States is a death-denyingsociety.True8.According to Leming and Dickinson, the fear of the unknown and the fate of the bodyare the two areas of greatest anxiety for mostpeople.False9.For mostpeoplethe process of dying causes less concern than the event of death.False10.In thanatology“death fear”and“death anxiety”are used synonymously.True11.Death anxiety is a multidimensional concept.True12.It is only in recent years that we have been able to scientifically determine the realmeaning of death.False13.The meaning of death is socially determined by human beings rather thandetermined biologically.True14.In all likelihood, the meaning of death may change in the future as it has in thepast.True15.Cryonics suggests a denial of death.True16.According to Radcliffe-Brown, religion provides individuals with a sense of comfortand anxiety relief.False

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1717.Death is inherently fearful—all people fear death by nature.False18.Malinowski viewed religion as the“great anxiety reliever.”True19.The empirical research by Michael Leming supported Homans’stheorizing on therelationship between religion and death anxiety.True20.People tend to fear the process of dying more than the event of death.True21.Between 1600 and 1830, death was alivingpartoftheAmericanexperience.True22.Like modern thanatologists, Puritansfeltanawarenessof death could improve thequality of life.True23.Puritans encouraged each other to fear death.True24.At the time of death,thePuritanfamily usually sent for a medical doctor to care forthe corpse.False25.It was customary for Puritans to embalm the body before burial.False26.Puritans were more likely to pray for the soul of the deceased than they were forthe comfort of the bereaved.False27.At the beginning of the20thcentury, the funeral industry attempted to keep deathout of sight and out of mind.True28.Middle-class Americans in the late19thcentury wished to experience deathwithorder.True29.The“ideology of separate spheres”in the late19thcentury contributed to moreopen discussion of death in American society.False30.During the Victorian era in American society, grievers were encouraged to expresstheir emotions in response to the death of a loved one.False31,Scientific naturalism contributed to the hope that physical immortality might be apossibility for future Americans.True32.The threat of“megadeath”war inherently calls into question the possibility of allforms of immortality.True33.Death was“resurrected”in America after World War I,the first truly global war.False

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1834.Perhaps the most accurate way to determine death is via brain death using anEEG.True35.The case of Terri Schiavo in Florida in 2004-2005 illustrates the importance of anadvanced directive.True36.The Living Death period of the history of death was from 1830 to 1945.False37.Whetheror notthe United States is a death-denying society is not agreed upon,according to your text.True

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19Multiple-Choice Questions1.The Harvard definition of death refers toa. no heartbeat.b. no longer breathing.*c. brain stops functioning.d. both a and b.e. none of the above.2. The centralist theory of the diagnosis of deatha. was the prominent view in the 14th century.b. proposed that the entire body and every organ and cell possessed the life force.*c. has been resurrected by the modern theory of brain death.d.includesboth a and b.e.includesnone of the above.3. The President’s Commission for the study of Biomedical and Behavioral Research tostudy ethical and legal implications regarding death definitions was established byPresidenta. Carter.b. Clinton.c. Eisenhower.d. Bush.*e. Reagan.4. Which isnotevidence that the United States is a death-denyingsociety?a.Euphemismsare used for death.b.Ataboo on death conversationc.Cryonics*d.Havinglife insurancee.Callingin a professional to handle the body5.According to Leming and Dickinson, which of the following is true?a.Peoplewho have weak religious commitments are most likely to fear death.b.Peoplewho have strong religious commitments are most likely to fear death.*c.Peoplewho have moderate religious commitments are most likely to fear death.d.Noneof the abovehavebeen demonstrated by empirical research.6.Which of the following istrue?

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20a.Accordingto Radcliffe-Brown, religion provides individuals with a sense ofcomfort andanxiety relief.b.What a person believesabout dyinghas more influence thanhow deeply heorshebelieves it.c.George Homans disagreed with both Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown, arguingthatdeath anxiety is highest for both the very religious and thenonbeliever.*d.Theempirical research by Michael Leming supported Homans’stheorizing on therelationship between religion and death anxiety.e.Allof the above.7.The middle class in thelate19thcenturyachieved“deathwith order”bya. making sure the death of loved ones occurred in full view of the family.b.preparing funeral arrangements far in advance.*c. creating separate sphere ideology:men’s work away from the home, women’sworkfrom men’s, specialists (medical, clerical, etc.).d.None of the above.8.Death was“resurrected”after 1945, why?*a.Theatomic age brought about the possible annihilation of the entire human race.b.Thelosses of millions of soldiers in WWII“brought death home”for the world.c.Peoplebegan to fear death more because of the increase in infant deaths.d.Society began to look inward for answers,anddeath as a topic naturallyevolved.9.The Puritans encouraged each other to _____________ death.a. look forward tob. think aboutc. be anxious toward*d. fear

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2110.Which of the following statements isfalseconcerning death-related behavior of thePuritans?a.Puritansfeltthatanawarenessof death could improve the quality of life.b.Puritans encouraged each other to fear death.*c.It was customary for Puritans to embalm the body before the burial.d.The Puritans felt that death was a living partof the American experience.11.Which of the following statements isfalse?a.In most areas of America, a basically“Puritan Way of Death”persisted untilthe19thcentury.*b. The“ideology of separate spheres”contributed to more open discussion ofdeath inAmerican society.c.At the turn of the20thcentury, the funeral industry attempted to keepdeath out ofsight and out of mind.d. Middle-class Americans wished to experience deathwith order.12.Which of the following statements isfalseconcerning death-related behavior ofAmericans during the Victorian period of history?*a. Grievers were encouraged to express their emotions in response to the death ofaloved one.b. A more elaborate funeral ritual involving“therapeutic self-indulgence”wasencouraged.c. Mourning clothes were worn as one method for extending the period oflamentation.d.Noneof the above.13. During the Dying of Death Period (1830–1945), which didnotoccur?a.Landscapedrural cemeteriesb.Lifeinsurance*c.Fallof the middle classd.Professionalfuneral organizations14. The case in Florida of Terri Schiavoin 2004-2005illustrates the importance of*a.anadvanced directive.b.awill.c.dying without a will.d.stem-cell research.

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22Essay Questions1.Discussthe differences between biological and symbolic death.2.What arguments can you offer to reject the following premise: In death, biology isprimary, meaning is peripheral?3.Discuss the implications of the following quote:“Even though it is but one biologicalbodythatdies, many‘role holes’or vacancies are left with the death of that oneperson.”4.In making decisions about death meaning, how does the treatment of the dyingpatient affect that patient’s understanding of death and his or her role in the dyingprocess?5.What are some of the meanings of“Not Dying?”6.Refute or support this statement:“TheUnited States is a death-denying society.”7.What factors have contributed to the American avoidance of death and dying?8.How has the definition of death changed over the years?What complications has thiscreated for the American way of dying?9.Write a brief essay on putting a price on human life.Include in your discussion whya monetary value seems of importance in today’s way of life.10.What types of death fears are the most salient for Americans? How might youexplain why these fears are more intense than other fears?11.Why is death in the United States viewed as fearful?12.What effect did dropping the atom bombduring WWIIhave on American deathconceptions?13.What do you think should have happened in the Terri Schiavo case in Florida in2005? Should she have been allowed to live,or was the action taken appropriate?14.What is meant by the“medicalization of death”? Cite specific examples.

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23CHAPTER 3GROWING UP WITH DEATHChapter OutlineChildhoodHow Do Children Learn About Death?Personal ExperiencesMass MediaReligionChildren’s Understanding of DeathBirth to AgeThreeAgesThreeThroughFiveAgesSixtoTwelveExplaining Death and Dying to ChildrenBe Open and HonestAvoidEuphemismsShow EmotionAdolescenceIdentity Crisis and Death AnxietyThe Experience of Death in Violent NeighborhoodsMedia InfluencesLearning Adult RitualsCommunicating About DeathAdulthoodYoung AdulthoodMiddle-Aged AdulthoodPanic and DenialReflection and AcceptancePersonal GrowthOlder AdulthoodAchieving IntegrityDiminishing Death FearsChoosing a Place to DieConclusionSummaryDiscussion QuestionsGlossarySuggested Readings

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24True-False Questions1.Death on television is often viewed as reversible.True2.By6months of age most infants can conceptualize death.False3.According to some psycholoigsts, children’s capacity to grieveis related to their levelof cognitive development.True4.The permanency of death is usually clear to a3-year-old child.False5.Media deaths allow children to learn about the true consequences of someone dyingand to learn that death is a part of the real world.False6.Between the ages of6and12, the evolution of the concept of death as a permanentcessation of life begins.True7.Psychologist Robert Kavanaugh refers to children as“little people”or“compact cars,”as contrasted withCadillacs (big people), and notes that they should be able to handleany situation adults can handle comfortably.True8.An adult should not be honest with children when talking about dying and death.False9.Direct answers to children’s questions about dyingand death only confuse them,thus one should be indirect with responses.False10.If possible, euphemisms should be avoided when talking to children about death.True11.Anthropologist Colin Turnbull describes death as being like it was before birth—astate of nothingness.True12.Children should be discouraged from crying when someone diesbecausecryingreveals weakness and immaturity.False13.Mother Goose nursery rhymes are uniformly ideal stories to help a child go to sleepat night.False14.Ernest Becker inThe Denial of Deathargues that fear and denial of death are basicdynamics for everyone.True15.Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget argued that it is not until the lateteen years and early20sthat one is capable of genuinely abstract thought processes.

Test Bank For Understanding Dying, Death, and Bereavement, 7th Edition - Page 29 preview image

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25False16.The two periods of adolescence are 12 to 15 and 16 to 19.True17.There seems to be a fascination with death during the adolescent years aswitnessed by films and music produced for adolescents.True18.Societyis held together by rituals.True19.The middle-age years have been labeled the“novice phase”of the developmentalcycle.False20.Though the elderly tend to think of death more often than younger adults, theyappear to have less fear concerning death.True21.Research findings suggest that differences in death anxietyappear to be more afunction of religiosity than age.True22.Gerontology is the study of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging.True23.Emily Dickinson wroteextensively about death and dying.True24.According to the Census Bureau, middle ageis between 30 and 45.False.25.Baby Boomers are individuals born between 1946 and 1964.True26.The sandwich generation refers to middle-aged individualswho musttake care ofyoung adult children and elderly parentsat the same time.True

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26Multiple-Choice Questions1.The use of a word or phrase that is less expressive or direct but considered lessdistasteful or less offensive than another wordor phrase is called a(n)*a. euphemism.b. etiology.c. cryonic.d. cultigen.e. apnea.2.Jean Piaget’s third cognitive stage of development is calleda. sensorimotor.*b. concrete operational.c. preoperational stage.d. formal operations.3.In explaining death to children one should*a. avoid euphemisms.b. use only euphemisms.c. be dishonest.d. not answer the child’s questions.e.doboth c and d.4.Regarding children and death, the text advises thata.if a child cries, he or she should be spanked.b.the child should be warned that crying reveals weakness and immaturity and thatonlya“sissy”cries.*c. the child should be told that it is okay to cry and that crying is a normal behavior.d. both a and b are correct.e. none of the aboveis correct.5.ErikErikson organized life into eight developmental stages. Joan Erikson later added aninth stage,which she called*a. old older adults.b. ancient people.c. really old folks.d. elderly individuals.e. over the hill folks.6. The first childhood death experience occurs around the average age of ________years.a. 3

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27b. 6*c. 8d. 11e.Noneof the above.7.Young adults reject death becausea. they probably have not faced the death of a significant other.b. they do not yet accept the inevitability of death.*c. they are just preparing for the hopes, challenges, and success of life.d.ofall of the above.e.ofboth a and b above.8.Sigmund Freud traced conceptions of death toa. our need to strive and overcome our early sensitivity to death.*b. ourearliest feelings concerning sexuality and fears of being punished for them.c. our socialization during adolescence.d. our elementary school days when first leavingthe security of the home andentering anew and different world of peers.e. both a andc above.9.The social scientist who argued that fear and denial of death are basic dynamics foreveryone wasa. Sigmund Freud.b. Alfred Adler.*c. Ernest Becker.d. Jean Piaget.e. Erik Erikson.10.A school of psychologythatmoved away from Freud toward more emphasis in therapyon coping strategies and strengths of the person rather than on the unconscious is called_____ psychology.*a. egob. developmentalc. clinicald. life cyclee. behaviorist11.The individual who encouraged psychologists toemploy better methods of research inthe developmental approach to understanding concepts of death wasa. Sigmund Freud.

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